Developments in the Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"From street-view sensing to maintenance decisions: A knowledge-based engineering informatics framework for urban pavement defect assessment","authors":"Linchao Li ,&nbsp;Bangxing Li ,&nbsp;Jiazhen Liu ,&nbsp;Bowen Du","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban pavement defects, such as cracks and potholes, pose significant challenges to road safety and maintenance. Traditional pavement defect detection methods rely heavily on manual inspection, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Recent advances in deep learning have opened new opportunities for automating this process, particularly through the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This paper presents an improved deep learning-based approach for detecting pavement defects using street view imagery. The proposed method leverages a customized dataset constructed from high-resolution street view images, incorporating both common and hazardous defects. The detection algorithm is based on an enhanced YOLOv8 model, optimized for handling low-resolution images and small defect targets. The model improvements include the introduction of a spatial-depth convolutional layer to preserve fine-grained information, a generalized feature pyramid network for better feature fusion, and a dynamic head with multi-task awareness for improved detection accuracy in complex urban environments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves superior performance in detecting pavement defects, with a mean Average Precision (mAP) improvement of 4.7% over the baseline model, while maintaining high inference speed. These findings suggest that the enhanced YOLOv8 model can be effectively applied to urban pavement maintenance, providing a reliable and efficient solution for large-scale defect detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening and impermeability enhancement of lithium slag geopolymer composites through functionalized carbon nanotubes and PVA fibers","authors":"Cai Wu ,&nbsp;Jing Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhong ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Daopei Zhu ,&nbsp;Qing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers were incorporated to improve the mechanical and durability performance of lithium slag geopolymer (LSG) composites. The effects on compressive and flexural strength, impermeability, and microstructure were analyzed using MIP and SEM. Optimal 0.1% FMWCNTs enhanced compressive and flexural strengths by 7.25% and 29.8%, and improved impermeability by 21.1%. When combined with 1.0% PVA fibers, the compressive strength and impermeability increased by 18.7% and 27.4%, while 1.5% PVA fibers boosted flexural strength by 82.8%. FMWCNTs refined pores and densified the matrix through filling and bridging, while PVA fibers inhibited crack propagation and facilitated stress transfer. The synergistic interaction of FMWCNTs and PVA fibers significantly enhanced the strength, compactness, and impermeability of LSG composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100926"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of elastic modulus in fly ash cement mortar under acid rain exposure","authors":"Chang Peng ,&nbsp;Qiuchao Li ,&nbsp;Yingfang Fan,&nbsp;Yi Liu,&nbsp;Wenjie Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fly ash (FA) improves mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials at the later curing stages, but the impact on the elastic modulus (<em>E</em>_m) of cement mortar exposed to acid rain remains unclear, making it crucial to investigate this relationship for durability design. To investigate the effect of FA contents (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) on the <em>E</em>_m of mortar exposed to acid rain, a total of 120 specimens were tested after immersion in a simulated acid solution (pH 1.5) for 0, 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively. Damage evolution was monitored via ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements of the relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM). Mechanical properties, including axial compressive strength, <em>E</em>_m and Poisson's ratio, were evaluated through compressive tests combined with a digital image correlation (DIC) system. Microstructural and phase evolution were further characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that 10% FA optimally enhances <em>E</em>_m, retaining 8.87% higher compressive strength and 10.70% higher <em>E</em>_m than plain mortar after 60 days of acid exposure. In contrast, FA contents above 20% adversely affect <em>E</em>_m. Within 20% FA content, acid-induced damage is reduced, RDEM loss is mitigated, and the rate of <em>E</em>_m degradation is slowed. Acid rain exposure also decreases Poisson's ratio, indicating increased brittleness. A good linear correlation between <em>E</em>_m and RDEM enables the reliable prediction of <em>E</em>_m from nondestructively acquired RDEM data. The improved performance is attributed to the combined pozzolanic reactivity and micro-filling effect of FA, which refines the microstructure and improves acid resistance. Furthermore, an intelligent random forest-based predictive model was developed, demonstrating strong accuracy in evaluating the compressive strength and <em>E</em>_m of FA mortar under acid rain erosion, and providing a reliable nonlinear tool for performance assessment in acidic environments. The erosion behavior of FA mortar and concrete exposed to acid rain was quantified through integrated experimental and data-driven approaches. The results offer a valuable reference for designing cement-based materials with enhanced resistance to acidic erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of cementitious systems using high-volume industrial waste via studying mechanical damage evolution under corrosion in saline soil and mathematical modeling for sustainability","authors":"Xue-Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng-Gong Lu ,&nbsp;Xiangping Xian","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the durability of three cementitious systems—cement (OPC), cement-silica fume concrete (CSC), and cement-silica fume-fly ash concrete (CSFC)—under saline-soil dual-ion attacks. Specimens were exposed for up to 24 months to four aggressive solutions (CE1: CO₃²⁻/Cl⁻; CE2: SO₄²⁻/Cl⁻; CE3: SO₄²⁻/CO₃²⁻; CE4: SO₄²⁻/Mg²⁺) to assess time-dependent deterioration. Stress–strain response, peak stress/strain, elastic modulus, and toughness were quantified to characterize damage evolution. Both CSC and CSFC showed markedly better corrosion resistance than OPC; CSFC achieved the highest strength retention, improving by 40.96% (CE1), 34.42% (CE2), 25.74% (CE3), and 28.29% (CE4), while CSC showed 35.55%, 31.88%, 23.48%, and 28.11% improvements, respectively. Corrosion severity followed CE3 &gt; CE4 &gt; CE2 &gt; CE1. The prism-to-cube strength ratio declined with increasing corrosion, indicating environmental effects outweighed mix-design differences. It validates CSFC as a sustainable solution for saline soil infrastructure, enhancing structural longevity under coupled chemical-mechanical attacks and reducing carbon emissions via industrial waste valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid deep learning model for accurate settlement forecasting of metro tracks under canal diversion engineering","authors":"Haijie He ,&nbsp;Zhenlin Wang ,&nbsp;Sifan Shen ,&nbsp;Shiyu Sheng ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuang He ,&nbsp;Huafeng Shan ,&nbsp;Qiongfang Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural stability of metro systems is essential for safe and reliable urban rail operation. Large-scale underground construction may influence existing metro lines, making accurate settlement prediction necessary. Traditional empirical and numerical methods often fail to capture long-term settlement behavior. This study predicts track bed settlement of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 using monitoring data collected during the Grand Canal diversion construction. A hybrid model (CEEMDAN-BWO-BiLSTM-ATT model) integrating Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise, Beluga Whale Optimization, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, and an attention mechanism is developed. Results from four monitoring points along the up line show good performance, with an average R² of 0.962, RMSE of 0.076 mm, MAE of 0.066 mm, and MAPE of 6.383%. Validation using a down-line monitoring point confirms accuracy and generalization. The results indicate that the model captures nonlinear settlement behavior and provides a reliable data-driven approach for metro deformation prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100932"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cement Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites: Balancing mechanical performance with environmental and economic metrics","authors":"Isabela de Paula Salgado ,&nbsp;Ameer Hamza Ahmed ,&nbsp;Tobias Hatzfeld ,&nbsp;Cesare Signorini ,&nbsp;Edeltraud Guenther ,&nbsp;Viktor Mechtcherine","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industry reports document a surge in cement production in recent years, reaching 4.1 billion tonnes in 2022 and resulting in significant environmental burdens. While conventional supplementary cementitious materials often fail to meet construction demands, limestone calcined clay cements (LC³) offer a promising alternative, reducing reliance on traditional raw materials while using abundant resources. This study evaluates the sustainability potential of strain-hardening cementitious composites based on LC³ binders incorporating dispersed non-metallic synthetic fibers. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment in combination with an extended life cycle sustainable cost analysis was used to compare three clinker-to-binder weight ratios (50%, 35% and 25%) and three types of synthetic fiber: polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. This analysis also considers monetized environmental externalities. A mechanical performance indicator (work-to-fracture) was prioritized as the functional unit to meet the needs of engineering practice. This integrated framework revealed trade-offs and opportunities in material selection and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100918"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated building facade quality assessment using 3D laser scanning and improved k-d tree–accelerated point-cloud analysis","authors":"Ziyang Chen ,&nbsp;Jiehui Wang ,&nbsp;Tianqi Yi ,&nbsp;Yachao Qian ,&nbsp;Jian-Guo Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facade inspection during construction is critical for quality control and compliance with design and regulatory requirements, yet conventional methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to human error. This study proposes an automated framework for assessing facade quality during the construction phase, based on 3D laser scanning and an enhanced k-d tree–accelerated point-cloud analysis approach. The method enhances the computational efficiency of boundary feature point extraction by constructing a k-d tree, enabling rapid feature recognition of the facade point cloud. The extracted structural features are then modeled using the least squares method to detect facade deformation. To replicate manual inspection logic, a virtual straightedge sliding mechanism is introduced, enabling quantitative evaluation of facade flatness and verticality through localized fitting and deviation analysis. Validation using real construction projects demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves higher efficiency, accuracy, and robustness, delivering high-resolution, traceable, and engineering-ready results for digital construction quality management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100914"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volume changes and acoustic emission study of alkali-activated slag pastes in free and sealed conditions","authors":"Maïté Lacante ,&nbsp;Brice Delsaute ,&nbsp;Dimitrios G. Aggelis ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Staquet","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkali-activated materials have become of interest as potential solution to reduce CO₂ emissions of the construction sector. Because these materials are prone to shrinkage and cracking, this study investigates the volume changes and acoustic emission of slag activated by sodium hydroxide. At early-age, investigations revealed higher shrinkage and acoustic emission with high-intensity periods, as the solution concentration was increased for a 0.5 solution-to-binder. The E-modulus was calculated based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements and the cracking potential was evaluated. The more the composition was prone to cracking, the higher the accumulated acoustic emission. The strains might result in localized stress buildup higher than the material’s tensile strength, potentially resulting in micro-cracking. Long-term autogenous strain results revealed a separation into groups based on the solution concentration. Later-age thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) revealed significantly decreased results compared to early-age, indicating the importance of early-age CTE determination for the cracking risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100925"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical assessment for adhesively bonded timber-concrete composite ceilings based on experimental evaluation","authors":"Florian Brosch,&nbsp;Sara Reichenbach,&nbsp;Matthias Braun,&nbsp;Benjamin Kromoser","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adhesively bonded timber-concrete composite (TCC) systems enable continuous composite action and dry prefabrication, yet full-scale behaviour and the adequacy of Eurocode <em>γ</em>-method design remain uncertain. Bonded TCC ceiling elements produced with two strategies (pocket and channel methods) were tested in static four-point bending. Load–deflection response, bending stiffness, interface slip and failure modes were measured and compared with <em>γ</em>-method models extended by a Timoshenko shear term. Specimens were stiff and quasi-linear over a large load range, then showed gradual stiffness loss governed by nonlinear concrete compression. Transverse shear contributed up to 8 % of total deflection for stocky ribs but &lt;4 % for slender ribs. Global stiffness was governed mainly by timber and, secondarily, concrete elastic moduli. Beyond system-specific thresholds, the adhesive elastic-modulus and interface-stiffness had only minor influences on the global structural response. Both manufacturing methods delivered comparable performance, and the modified γ-framework provides a Eurocode-compatible basis for short-term design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100917"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency responders’ safety in fire evacuation and rescue: Exploring safety awareness and decision-making aiming at multiple firefighting operations","authors":"Yishu Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Gang Ji ,&nbsp;Chao Guo ,&nbsp;Shuguang Wang ,&nbsp;Yongkang Qiao ,&nbsp;Yi Rui ,&nbsp;Hehua Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Yan ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emergency responders, particularly firefighters, play a critical role in mitigating fire emergencies and ensuring public safety. However, they often face significant risks, and casualties can occur due to decision-making challenges in rapidly changing environments. This study examines how safety awareness—comprising experience and preparedness—influences decisions across three tasks: fire suppression, locating trapped individuals, and withdrawal. Surveying 129 Shanghai firefighters and using SEM and K-means clustering revealed key insights. Experience enhanced suppression and withdrawal decisions but could induce cognitive biases, hindering adaptability in complex tasks like locating individuals. Conversely, preparedness consistently improved performance across all tasks by enabling strategy adjustment to evolving conditions. Clustering identified three firefighter profiles (adaptive, average, rigid), suggesting tailored training is needed. The findings highlight the necessity for training programs that combine experiential learning with adaptability exercises to mitigate biases, enhance real-time decision-making, and improve operational safety and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100921"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}