Developments in the Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"Characterization, pretreatment, and valorization of wood biomass fly ash in a binary cement-free binder","authors":"Xuhui Liang ,&nbsp;Hua Dong ,&nbsp;Zhenming Li ,&nbsp;Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Shizhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Guang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigated the use of wood biomass fly ash (WBFA) as a key component in developing low-carbon cementitious materials. WBFA was first subjected to water pretreatment and grinding to remove metallic aluminum and free lime, reducing expansion and cracking risks. Characterization of WBFA showed its high calcium and alkali-bearing phases but limited aluminosilicates. Dissolution test showed WBFA had strong alkalinity, suggesting its role as an activator for aluminosilicate-bearing minerals. A novel cement- and chemical-free binary binder was developed using 50 % treated WBFA and 50 % blast furnace slag (BFS). Paste with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.4 achieved 40 MPa compressive strength at 60 days. The use of superplasticizer significantly improved flowability, allowing the water-to-binder ratio to be reduced to 0.25, which resulted in compressive strength up to 58 MPa at 60 days. Calcium aluminate silicate hydrates (C-A-S-H) gels and ettringite were identified as the main reaction products in the pastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic risk assessment of tower crane operations by integrating functional resonance analysis method and Bayesian network","authors":"Huayu Zhong ,&nbsp;Leyan Chen ,&nbsp;Maxwell Antwi Afari ,&nbsp;Zhikang Bao ,&nbsp;Ke Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tower cranes are vital to modern construction but pose significant safety risks. While existing studies primarily focus on risk identification and evaluation, they often neglect the complex interactions and dynamics of these risks. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for understanding tower crane operation risks by integrating the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) with Bayesian Network (BN). The FRAM model identifies key functions and their interdependencies, which are analyzed through Monte Carlo simulations. The results are transformed into BN nodes, forming a network that employs Bayesian inference to assess the overall risk level. The framework was validated in a real-world construction project, where it revealed that the tower crane operations were generally safe, with critical focus areas identified as “Tower Crane Components,” “Tower Crane Installation Acceptance,” and “Slings and Hoisting Objects.” By combining both static and dynamic data, this framework enhances risk assessment and contributes to safer construction practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing performance and achieving carbon negativity in botanical concrete via autoclave pre-treatment and high kraft lignin addition","authors":"Ren Wei ,&nbsp;Guomin Ji ,&nbsp;Yuya Sakai","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The substantial environmental footprint of conventional concrete and the escalating volume of construction and demolition waste necessitate urgent development of novel, sustainable building materials. Cement-free botanical concrete (BC), made from concrete and wood waste, promotes closed-loop recycling but suffers from poor water resistance and dimensional instability. This study investigates autoclave pre-treatment (12 conditions) of wood particles and high kraft lignin (KL; 30–70 wt%) addition to improve the performance of BC. Optimal autoclaving (160–180 °C, 5 min) minimized swelling to 7 %. Results revealed that the combined approach significantly enhanced the water resistance of BC. However, high KL content (&gt;30 wt%) improved water resistance, it reduced bending strength. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment (LCA) confirmed the carbon-negative potential of the developed BC, identifying key emission hotspots and suggesting further reduction measures. These findings highlight the potential of modified BC in sustainable construction and guide the development of environmentally friendly building materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AE monitoring of crack evolution on UHPC deck layer of a long-span cable-stayed bridge","authors":"Zihan Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Zhu ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Lacidogna","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The UHPC deck layer may be susceptible to cracking during construction, raising concerns for bridge engineering utilizing this advanced material. Addressing the issue of drying shrinkage cracking observed on the UHPC deck layer of a cable-stayed bridge, a real-time investigation into crack evolution was conducted. This study employed acoustic emission (AE) technique with in-situ data processing, focusing on AE time series analysis. Additionally, triangulation techniques were utilized to determine the AE source positions of active cracks. The results showed continuous crack evolution on the UHPC deck layer, mainly due to construction vehicles, with two major instances of crack propagation and arrest. AE signals correlated with measured crack propagation, with two major AE events matching recorded crack jumps. Later AE sources indicated a step-by-step crack tip advancement. This paper underscores the effectiveness of the AE technique for crack identification and real-time monitoring of in-service bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An enhanced two-stage intelligent crack detection method for concrete structures using improved YOLOX and U-Net3+ models","authors":"Kecheng Liu ,&nbsp;Qun Xie ,&nbsp;Yanjun Li ,&nbsp;Lishuai Zhu ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Ruijun Liang ,&nbsp;Taochun Yang ,&nbsp;Wenwen Chen ,&nbsp;Jinping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concrete surface cracks threaten the durability and safety of structures. To overcome the inefficiencies and limited accuracy of manual inspection and traditional image-processing techniques, a two-stage algorithm based on deeply optimized YOLOX and U-Net3+ models is proposed. The YOLOX stage integrates an Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) module to enhance sensitivity to crack features, enabling rapid recognition and localization. In the U-Net3+ stage, Coordinate Attention (CA) and SimAM non-parametric mechanisms are incorporated, max pooling is replaced with Softpooling, ReLU activation is upgraded to Mish, and multi-scale separable convolutions are embedded within an eight-neighborhood node mask for more precise pixel-level segmentation. A skeleton-curve-based quantification algorithm predicts crack length and width. After distortion correction and scale transformation, maximum width, length, and area errors are below 0.05 mm, 1.5 mm, and 1 mm², respectively, compared to actual measurements. Experiments demonstrate a 69.87 % reduction in processing time relative to single-stage methods, significantly enhancing detection efficiency and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of flood warning sensor network operational and maintenance practices across the United States","authors":"Mubarak Adesina,&nbsp;Nicholas Brake,&nbsp;Hossein Hariri Asli","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Communities employ flood sensor networks to mitigate flood risks, enhance drainage infrastructure, and reduce associated fatalities. This study explores four primary research questions aimed at improving the understanding and effectiveness of flood sensor network operations managed by government entities. Specifically, it addresses: (i) the critical challenges these organizations face in managing and maintaining these networks, (ii) the impact of various communication protocols on network performance and reliability, (iii) the ways in which data from flood sensor networks can guide infrastructure improvement projects, and (iv) the variation in operational scale of flood sensor networks across different types of government organizations. We interviewed 18 government agencies via Microsoft Teams in the United States that own and operate flood sensor networks to gain insights into their daily operations. These agencies operate in a hierarchical structure, which can be categorized as functional or divisional. The factors influencing the operation of flood sensor networks emerged as organizational structure, equipment, data storage and management, personnel, scale of operation, and funding. Real-time monitoring and capital improvement projects were the predominant uses of sensor data. Amongst the interviewees, 53 % of the agencies actively issue local warnings through diverse media, 37 % provide technical expertise in decision-making during flood emergency operations. The versatility of sensor data is highlighted by its application in flood forecasting (32 %), traffic operations (32 %), and dam operations (26 %). As with most engineering operations, adequate funding and maintenance are necessary for sustainability. Data indicated that the sensor maintenance was performed by agency employees or hired consultants/contractors. Agencies using employees recorded monthly travel ranging between 75 and 1700 miles, with a median of 300 miles. Annual operational costs ranged between $55,000 to $1.5M USD, and annual maintenance costs between $25,000 to $602,000 USD. These sensor operations are funded from diverse sources, including taxes, service fees, bonds, and grants. This research, with its valuable insights into flood monitoring and management, plays a crucial role in informing future strategies for optimizing the effectiveness and reliability of flood sensor networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovering hydrated cement from recycled concrete for improving technological properties of engineering bricks","authors":"P. Muñoz ,&nbsp;V. Letelier ,&nbsp;M. Bustamante ,&nbsp;Osman Gencel ,&nbsp;Milica V. Vasic","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Europe, around 500 million tons of construction and demolition waste (C&amp;DW) are generated annually, a third of which is concrete. Recycling mainly focuses on coarse aggregates, but 20–30 % v/v of the output includes fine particles and hydrated cement powder (HCP). As HCP can be partially reactivated at 450–650 °C, its reuse in clinker production is under study, though high energy demands hinder its viability. This research investigates an alternative: substituting clay with up to 30 % HCP in fired clay bricks, leveraging the high-temperature process already involved. Bricks were fired at three temperatures and characterised in terms of mechanical, mineralogical, chemical, and thermal behaviour. A life cycle impact assessment evaluated environmental feasibility. Results show that HCP enhances brick properties, especially at higher firing temperatures. However, despite improvements such as reduced thermal conductivity, global warming potential and water consumption impacts are higher, posing a trade-off between material performance and environmental cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding imbibition in cementitious materials including C-S-H strain measurement and geometric restriction","authors":"Natalia Mariel Alderete ,&nbsp;Maya Nicole Harris ,&nbsp;Yury Villagrán – Zaccardi ,&nbsp;Nele De Belie","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cementitious materials show anomalous behaviour during capillary imbibition: a lack of linearity of the mass gain versus the square root of time. This is considered to be caused by the water retention in the calcium silicate (C-S-H) structure (and consequent swelling) during water ingress. However, the strain behaviour of C-S-H during imbibition has never been measured. Additionally, deformations in cementitious materials are not unconstrained “free” deformations, they are influenced by the restriction level provided by the sample. Restriction can be due to the mix composition (relative amount of the deforming phase, C-S-H, versus non-deforming reaction products and aggregates) or due to sample shape. To evaluate the strain behaviour of pure C-S-H during capillary imbibition, strains of compacted C-S-H samples were continuously measured during water ingress. To analyse the effect of sample shape, the imbibition of concrete samples with different geometries (rings and cylinders) was determined. Results show that C-S-H undergoes significant deformation during imbibition, demonstrating its ability to deform when in contact with water. Sample shape influences the matrix restriction and the water flow during primary imbibition (when capillary forces are dominant). However, such differences are small when compared with the larger impact that mix composition has. These results capture the complex interactions between water flow, pore structure, mix composition, and sample shape of cementitious materials during imbibition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: aligning research, industry, and EU regulations to accelerate implementation of alkali-activated binder based concretes under the EU green deal","authors":"Raoul Mancke,&nbsp;Dietmar Stephan","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Union's goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, supported by the European Green Deal and Construction Product Regulation (CPR), is leading to significant changes in the construction sector. This study examines the impact and challenges of these regulations on alkali-activated binder (AAB)-based concretes, highlighting misalignments between research, industry practices, and regulatory requirements. While AABs are identified as innovative low-carbon alternatives to Portland cement, their adoption is hindered by non-standardized Life Cycle Assessment methods, inconsistent environmental data, and limited industry integration. The findings reveal that current environmental data fail to meet upcoming CPR requirements, emphasizing the need for harmonized methodologies and standardized reporting. This study underscores the importance of aligning researchers, industry, and policymakers by introducing concrete measures to bridge these gaps, reduce compliance costs, and improve data transparency. Such efforts are critical to accelerating AAB adoption and ensuring the construction sector transitions to carbon neutrality while maintaining economic competitiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved recursive singular spectrum framework for damage identification in bridge systems under environmental excitations","authors":"Zeyu Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxiong Huang ,&nbsp;Lei Shen ,&nbsp;Qingyang Wei ,&nbsp;Maosen Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recursive singular spectrum analysis (RSSA) provides a paradigm for online detection of structural damage. RSSA iteratively analyzes variations in segmented signal data, yet its empirical window length compromises generality: oversized windows obscure transients, whereas undersized windows attenuate damage-induced features. To address this issue, an improved algorithm is proposed by integrating the autoregressive with exogenous inputs model (ARX) with the recursive principal component analysis (RPCA) derived from the core RSSA equation. The algorithmic procedure is summarized as follows: The optimal window size is fixed by ARX; Timestamps are generated per-signal via Kalman filtering; Damage timing is identified by RPCA; Damage location is determined by pre-/post-damage energy evaluation. The proposed algorithm is verified to enable more precise identification of damage timing with regional localization capability in numerical simulations of steel truss bridges, and its effectiveness is validated on a laboratory-scale truss structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}