Developments in the Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"Automated building facade quality assessment using 3D laser scanning and improved k-d tree–accelerated point-cloud analysis","authors":"Ziyang Chen ,&nbsp;Jiehui Wang ,&nbsp;Tianqi Yi ,&nbsp;Yachao Qian ,&nbsp;Jian-Guo Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facade inspection during construction is critical for quality control and compliance with design and regulatory requirements, yet conventional methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to human error. This study proposes an automated framework for assessing facade quality during the construction phase, based on 3D laser scanning and an enhanced k-d tree–accelerated point-cloud analysis approach. The method enhances the computational efficiency of boundary feature point extraction by constructing a k-d tree, enabling rapid feature recognition of the facade point cloud. The extracted structural features are then modeled using the least squares method to detect facade deformation. To replicate manual inspection logic, a virtual straightedge sliding mechanism is introduced, enabling quantitative evaluation of facade flatness and verticality through localized fitting and deviation analysis. Validation using real construction projects demonstrates that the proposed framework achieves higher efficiency, accuracy, and robustness, delivering high-resolution, traceable, and engineering-ready results for digital construction quality management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100914"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volume changes and acoustic emission study of alkali-activated slag pastes in free and sealed conditions","authors":"Maïté Lacante ,&nbsp;Brice Delsaute ,&nbsp;Dimitrios G. Aggelis ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Staquet","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkali-activated materials have become of interest as potential solution to reduce CO₂ emissions of the construction sector. Because these materials are prone to shrinkage and cracking, this study investigates the volume changes and acoustic emission of slag activated by sodium hydroxide. At early-age, investigations revealed higher shrinkage and acoustic emission with high-intensity periods, as the solution concentration was increased for a 0.5 solution-to-binder. The E-modulus was calculated based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements and the cracking potential was evaluated. The more the composition was prone to cracking, the higher the accumulated acoustic emission. The strains might result in localized stress buildup higher than the material’s tensile strength, potentially resulting in micro-cracking. Long-term autogenous strain results revealed a separation into groups based on the solution concentration. Later-age thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) revealed significantly decreased results compared to early-age, indicating the importance of early-age CTE determination for the cracking risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100925"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical assessment for adhesively bonded timber-concrete composite ceilings based on experimental evaluation","authors":"Florian Brosch,&nbsp;Sara Reichenbach,&nbsp;Matthias Braun,&nbsp;Benjamin Kromoser","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adhesively bonded timber-concrete composite (TCC) systems enable continuous composite action and dry prefabrication, yet full-scale behaviour and the adequacy of Eurocode <em>γ</em>-method design remain uncertain. Bonded TCC ceiling elements produced with two strategies (pocket and channel methods) were tested in static four-point bending. Load–deflection response, bending stiffness, interface slip and failure modes were measured and compared with <em>γ</em>-method models extended by a Timoshenko shear term. Specimens were stiff and quasi-linear over a large load range, then showed gradual stiffness loss governed by nonlinear concrete compression. Transverse shear contributed up to 8 % of total deflection for stocky ribs but &lt;4 % for slender ribs. Global stiffness was governed mainly by timber and, secondarily, concrete elastic moduli. Beyond system-specific thresholds, the adhesive elastic-modulus and interface-stiffness had only minor influences on the global structural response. Both manufacturing methods delivered comparable performance, and the modified γ-framework provides a Eurocode-compatible basis for short-term design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100917"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency responders’ safety in fire evacuation and rescue: Exploring safety awareness and decision-making aiming at multiple firefighting operations","authors":"Yishu Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Gang Ji ,&nbsp;Chao Guo ,&nbsp;Shuguang Wang ,&nbsp;Yongkang Qiao ,&nbsp;Yi Rui ,&nbsp;Hehua Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Yan ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emergency responders, particularly firefighters, play a critical role in mitigating fire emergencies and ensuring public safety. However, they often face significant risks, and casualties can occur due to decision-making challenges in rapidly changing environments. This study examines how safety awareness—comprising experience and preparedness—influences decisions across three tasks: fire suppression, locating trapped individuals, and withdrawal. Surveying 129 Shanghai firefighters and using SEM and K-means clustering revealed key insights. Experience enhanced suppression and withdrawal decisions but could induce cognitive biases, hindering adaptability in complex tasks like locating individuals. Conversely, preparedness consistently improved performance across all tasks by enabling strategy adjustment to evolving conditions. Clustering identified three firefighter profiles (adaptive, average, rigid), suggesting tailored training is needed. The findings highlight the necessity for training programs that combine experiential learning with adaptability exercises to mitigate biases, enhance real-time decision-making, and improve operational safety and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100921"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-learning-based prediction of the compressive strength of superabsorbent polymer-incorporated cementitious materials: Modeling and experimental insights into polymer characteristics","authors":"Dohyeong Kim ,&nbsp;Sangwoo Oh ,&nbsp;Seongcheol Choi ,&nbsp;Geuntae Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To predict the compressive strength of superabsorbent polymer (SAP)-incorporated cementitious materials, this study developed machine-learning-based models incorporating SAP characteristics (particle size, shape, type, and absorption capacity) and evaluated them in tandem with using X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) and compressive strength testing of the resulting cementitious material. CatBoost provided the best performance (coefficient of determination = 0.9680 and accuracy = 92.70%) owing to its effective handling of nonlinearity and feature interactions, as well as its robust treatment of categorical variables through ordered boosting and target statistics. The relative importance of the SAP-related input features affecting compressive strength prediction followed the order of absorption capacity, dosage amount, type, particle size, and shape. Experimental observations combining X-ray micro-CT measurements and compressive strength testing confirm that in addition to total porosity, variations in pore distribution, shape, and hydration degree induced by SAPs contributed to the compressive strength of the cementitious material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100919"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HDSS: A Hospital Design Support System architecture","authors":"Zhuoran Jia ,&nbsp;Pirouz Nourian ,&nbsp;Peter Luscuere ,&nbsp;Cor Wagenaar","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospital layout design plays a crucial role in ensuring operational efficiency. This study presents a Hospital Design Support System, a data-driven framework that integrates the Four-Step Transportation Model, Discrete-Event Simulation, and Exploratory Network Analysis to systematically assess hospital layouts. The HDSS evaluates four key operational criteria: spatial crowdedness, patient waiting times, patient walking distances, and difficulty in wayfinding. Hospitals exhibit spatial and operational characteristics akin to small cities and factories, making transportation planning and Discrete-Event Simulation highly applicable in evaluating hospital layout performances in terms of the four operational criteria. Exploratory Network Analysis further reveals the inherent structural tendencies that impact hospital efficiency and resilience. Additionally, evaluation mechanisms, including aggregation, relativisation, and interpretation, translate disaggregated simulation outputs into actionable metrics, enabling comparative assessment of design alternatives. This study contributes a systematic approach to hospital layout evaluation, offering valuable insights for architects and policymakers aiming to enhance hospital layout design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100916"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147747219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid finite element method–data-driven model for predicting deep foundation pit deformation","authors":"Yifan Lu ,&nbsp;Weili Fang ,&nbsp;Peter E.D. Love ,&nbsp;Guanghui Geng ,&nbsp;Jinhua Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the following research question: How can a physical FEM model integrate a data-driven model to accurately and efficiently predict deep foundation pit deformation during excavation, while mitigating issues of data scarcity and slow optimization convergence? To answer this question, a hybrid, data-driven finite element method (FEM) was developed to predict the lateral deformation of deep foundation pits. The model comprises: (1) a Finite Element Model (FEM) and a synthetic dataset that integrates numerical simulation results with field monitoring data; (2) a hybrid surrogate model employing Structured Kernel Ridge Regression and Least Squares Boosting (SKRR-LSBOOST); and (3) an Improved Hippopotamus Optimization (IHO) algorithm for optimizing soil-layer parameters. A case study is employed to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of our model. The results demonstrate that the hybrid model achieves an R² value of 0.904 for deformation prediction, outperforming other candidate models. It is suggested that the newly developed model can help site managers identify potential risks in advance and ensure the safety of people and the surrounding environment. Additionally, it enhances decision-making effectiveness during the excavation of deep foundation pits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100857"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking digital product passports and digital building logbooks: Socio-Technical challenges and a pathways for integration","authors":"Sultan Çetin ,&nbsp;Pedro Mêda ,&nbsp;Karim Farghaly ,&nbsp;Sun-Ah Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study identifies socio-technical challenges and enablers in integrating Digital Product Passports (DPPs) into Digital Building Logbooks (DBLs) and develops a guiding framework. While both instruments advance with overlapping sustainability objectives at the policy level, their effective integration remains unresolved. Adopting a qualitative multiple-case study, we investigated four European DBL initiatives from Germany, the UK, France and Belgium through semi-structured interviews triangulated with secondary sources. Findings show that integration barriers are less technical, but more procedural, and organizational. Key challenges include absent ontologies and unstructured data, unclear responsibilities and weak incentives, and digital fatigue, low awareness, and role ambiguity. Enabling factors highlight regulatory support, market incentives, and user-centered design. We propose that DBLs should function as Systems of Systems, with four interdependent enablers, namely, regulation, standardization, interoperability, and simplicity as prerequisites for scalable, effective DPP–DBL integration. The framework informs policy, industry, and researchers and supports sustainability transitions in the built environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability and reuse potential of biopolymer-stabilized sands under wetting–drying cycles","authors":"Alek Zhang ,&nbsp;Pania Newell ,&nbsp;Marta Miletić","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biopolymer-amended soils have shown promise as sustainable construction materials; however, their durability and recyclability under cyclic moisture exposure, particularly in relation to soil gradation effects, remain poorly understood. This study presents, an integrated, multiscale investigation of xanthan gum (XG)–treated sands with differing particle-size distributions: less-uniform sand (Sand Type 1, ST1) and a uniform sand (Sand Type 2, ST2), amended with 0.5, 1, and 2% XG by dry mass. Mechanical performance was evaluated through unconfined compression and oedometer testing to quantify strength, stiffness, compressibility, durability, and reuse potential under wetting–drying cycles, while micro-computed tomography (μCT) was employed to directly link pore-scale evolution to macroscopic response. Unlike prior studies that primarily focus on initial strength, this work simultaneously evaluates durability degradation, recyclability through mechanical reconstitution, and microstructural mechanisms governing performance loss. All mixtures exhibited strength reduction with wetting-drying cycles; however, ST1 treated with 1% XG retained the highest fraction of its initial strength (≈40 % after two cycles), reflecting the combined benefits of moderate biopolymer dosage and enhanced particle interlocking in the less-uniform sand. After recycling, ST1 specimens converged to similar strengths regardless of initial XG content, indicating that mechanical reprocessing disrupts the gradation-dependent bonding advantages. In contrast, ST2 specimens with 1% XG retained comparatively higher post-recycling stiffness, suggesting that the more uniform particle-size distribution promotes more homogeneous deformation and improved preservation of biopolymer bonds at moderate dosage. μCT analysis revealed progressive pore coarsening and solid-phase loss with increasing XG content, consistent with swelling–shrinkage-induced bond disruption during moisture cycling. Overall, results indicate a clear gradation–dosage trade-off: less-uniform sands achieve higher initial strength, while uniform sands exhibit improved durability and recyclability under cyclic moisture exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100888"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large eddy simulation of optimized air curtain separation via secondary co-flowing jets","authors":"Claudio Alanis Ruiz ,&nbsp;Twan van Hooff ,&nbsp;Bert Blocken ,&nbsp;GertJan van Heijst","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unconditioned air infiltration through frequently used entrance doors can degrade building energy performance, indoor air quality, and thermal comfort. Air curtains mitigate these effects and are also critical in smoke and dust control, cleanrooms, and cold rooms. Their performance is commonly expressed as separation efficiency, which depends on jet dynamics and entrainment. While most studies consider single-jet air curtains, this work investigates secondary co-flowing jets as a design strategy to reduce entrainment and enhance separation efficiency. Large eddy simulations (LES), validated against a dedicated particle image velocimetry (PIV) dataset of plane turbulent impinging co-flowing jets, assess the influence of key jet parameters: velocity ratio (<em>R</em>), secondary-jet width (<em>W</em>_<em>s</em>), and inter-jet spacing (<em>d</em>). The results indicate that incorporating secondary jets under suitable discharge conditions increases infiltration-based separation efficiency by up to 5.4 % without compromising the combined infiltration–exfiltration metric; the latter can also improve by up to 3 %. Given baseline efficiencies of 86.2 % (infiltration) and 78.7 % (combined) for an optimized single-jet curtain, these gains are significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}