Radiation Medicine and Protection最新文献

{"title":"Empirical combination networks for head and neck organs at risk segmentation","authors":"Sijuan Huang ,&nbsp;Yuda Lin ,&nbsp;Yixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Yuliang Zhu ,&nbsp;Bo Fang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Huang ,&nbsp;Xin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To comprehensively evaluate popular medical segmentation networks on the CSTRO dataset for head and neck organs at risk (H&amp;N OARs) segmentation, identify top performers, and integrate them into a robust hybrid network (Attention W-Net) for superior performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>U-Net, Attention U-Net, R2U-Net, UNet-plusplus, and CE-Net were selected and two novel architectures W-Net and SE-U-Net were developed. Using U-Net as the baseline, a first-stage experiment was conducted to evaluate the segmentation performance of these networks. Following initial evaluations, Attention U-Net, SE-U-Net, and W-Net achieved notably strong performance. Representative blocks were identified and extracted from these three networks to construct three hybrid architectures: Attention W-Net, SEW-Net, and Attention SEU-Net. Subsequently, a second-stage experiment was conducted to determine the optimal hybrid architecture.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the first stage, U-Net, Attention U-Net, R2U-Net, UNet-plusplus, CE-Net, W-Net and SEU-Net were tested and achieved 0.712, 0.755, 0.706, 0.710, 0.702, 0.708, 0.767, 0.749 of average dice similarity coefficient (DSC), respectively. Then the best three networks Attention U-Net, SEU-Net, W-Net were selected out. The hybrid networks Attention W-Net, Attention SEU-Net, SEW-Net were tested, and achieved 0.776, 0.768, 0.743 of average (DSC), respectively. In terms of the metric, Attention W-Net is the most effective networks for H&amp;N OAR segmentation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Attention W-Net and SEW-Net are the better networks which achieve better results than the popular state-of-the-arts networks for head and neck OARs segmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 273-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing dosimetric performance of HyperArc for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy radiotherapy","authors":"Hongtao Chen,&nbsp;Heli Zhong,&nbsp;Juan Fan,&nbsp;Ding Zhang,&nbsp;Hongli Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the dosimetric performance of HyperArc in comparison with coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (c-VMAT) and non-coplanar VMAT (nc-VMAT) in the radiotherapy of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study involved 10 patients with TAO who received radiotherapy at our center from December 2021 to December 2023. A single qualified physicist generated treatment plans using c-VMAT, nc-VMAT, and HyperArc techniques on the TrueBeam machine with the Eclipse treatment planning system. We compared the dosimetric parameters for target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) among these planning approaches. Monitor units (MUs) were also evaluated to assess beam efficiency and delivery effectiveness for each plan type.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to c-VMAT and nc-VMAT plans, HyperArc plans achieved the highest conformity index (CI), with increases of 3.35% (<em>t</em> ​= ​3.84, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.004) and 4.05% (<em>t</em> ​= ​5.01, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.001), respectively. They also achieved the lowest gradient index (GI), with decreases of 29.41% (<em>t</em> ​= ​−10.41, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001) and 25.11% (<em>t</em> ​= ​−5.55, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), respectively, and the lowest <em>R</em>₅₀_%, with decreases of 31.69% (<em>t</em> ​= ​−11.74, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001) and 28.01% (<em>t</em> ​= ​−5.50, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), respectively. In terms of the dosimetric parameters of OARs, HyperArc plans produced the best results among the three types of plans. Furthermore, HyperArc plans reduced MUs by 31.39% (<em>t</em> ​= ​−8.59, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001) and 20.60% (<em>t</em> ​= ​−2.70, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.024) compared to c-VMAT and nc-VMAT plans, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study compared c-VMAT, nc-VMAT, and HyperArc for the radiotherapy of TAO and demonstrated the superior dosimetric performance of HyperArc. HyperArc provided better dose conformity for targets, sharper dose falloff outside targets, more effective sparing of OARs, and more efficient utilization and delivery of rays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 267-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation dose reduction in abdominopelvic CT using BMI specific low kV protocol","authors":"Nitika C. Panakkal ,&nbsp;Rajagopal Kadavigere ,&nbsp;Suresh Sukumar ,&nbsp;N. Ravishankar","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of a body mass index (BMI)-adjusted low kV protocol on radiation dose reduction and image quality in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scans of abdomen and pelvis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among the patients referred for CECT abdomen and pelvis scans, 120 were scanned using the standard protocol at 120 ​kV, whereas 96 were scanned according to a BMI-specific low radiation dose protocol. Patients were categorized into 3 BMI groups, low BMI (&lt;18.5 ​kg/m²) scanned at 80 ​kV, and normal BMI (18.5–24.9 ​kg/m²) and high BMI (25–29.9 ​kg/m²) at 100 ​kV. Effective dose (<em>E</em>) was recorded for each group. Image quality was assessed in the arterial and portal venous series. Quantitative image quality analysis was performed to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), contrast enhancement index (CEI) and image noise. Qualitative analysis was independently assessed using a 5-point scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study reported higher radiation doses with higher BMI, however, low dose protocol achieved significant reduction in radiation dose across all BMI groups, low BMI, (21 ​± ​2) <em>vs (</em>10.0 ​± ​1.7) mSv (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05); normal BMI, (22.0 ​± ​2.3) <em>vs</em> (14.0 ​± ​1.3) mSv (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05); high BMI, (25.0 ​± ​2.8) <em>vs</em> (17.0 ​± ​1.8) mSv (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05), for the standard and low dose protocols, respectively. Low dose protocols reported to have a higher image noise and CEI, lower SNR and comparable CNR across BMI groups in both arterial and portal venous series. Qualitative scores remain within acceptable diagnostic limits across BMI groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The BMI-specific low-kV CT protocols significantly reduced the radiation dose across all BMI groups while maintaining acceptable diagnostic image quality, suggesting that tailored low dose scanning may be feasible for clinical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 291-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray beam collimation in radiography: a study of compliance among radiographers","authors":"Islam Kleib ,&nbsp;Maram Alakhras ,&nbsp;Alaa Oteir ,&nbsp;Dana S. Al-Mousa","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess collimation practices and quantify the irradiated area outside the area of diagnostic interest (ADI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>1503 radiographs (627 females and 876 males) of seven body regions for patients with age groups (≤1 year, 1–12 years, 13–17 years, 18–65 years, ≥65 years) from three major (A. governmental, B. university affiliated, and C. private) hospitals in northern Jordan were included. For each radiograph, the length and width of the irradiated area and of the ADI were measured. Then the ratio factors (RF), the irradiated area outside ADI, and the percentage of irradiated area outside ADI were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used to examine the differences in ADI, the irradiated area outside ADI and RF according to age and gender. A regression analysis identified variables associated with RF and irradiated area outside ADI and its percentage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The RF ranged from 1.7 to 3.5. Patients aged ≤1 year exhibited significantly higher irradiated area outside ADI (722.1 ​cm²), RF (3.7), and the percentage of irradiated area outside the ADI (72.7%) compared to other age groups (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). The actual collimation, area of ADI, and the irradiated area outside the ADI were significantly higher in males than those in females (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). Hospital A had a significantly higher irradiated area outside the ADI (871.4 ​cm²), RF (3.1), and percentage of irradiated area outside the ADI (67.2%) than other hospitals (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), which can be due to high patient volume in governmental hospitals and less time to pay attention to patient protection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study found inadequate X-ray beam collimation practice among radiographers in all participating hospitals, the radiation fields were at least two times larger than the ADI. This raises the importance of educating radiographers on collimation techniques and ensuring that all hospitals adhere to standardized collimation practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 284-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning application in NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectroscopy for radionuclide identification: A systematic review","authors":"Yuan Sun ,&nbsp;Fei Tuo ,&nbsp;Wuhui Lin ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Baolu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radionuclide identification using NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectroscopy is critical in nuclear security, environmental monitoring, and medicine. While cost-effective and efficient, NaI(Tl) detectors are limited by low energy resolution, spectral noise, and environmental variability. This systematic review evaluates how machine learning (ML) advancements address these limitations. Our analysis reveals that deep learning models—particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), hybrid architectures, and other advanced Deep Networks—excel in analyzing low-resolution spectra, achieving over 95% accuracy even under complex conditions (e.g., shielding effects, low-count spectra). Hybrid models which integrate CNNs with traditional algorithms demonstrate superior robustness and explainability. Nevertheless, traditional ML methods (e.g., SVMs) remain valuable for limited datasets or real-time applications. Despite these methodological advances, the field continues to face overarching challenges including data scarcity, model generalization, and explainability, necessitating standardized datasets and physics-informed ML frameworks. ML bridges the performance gap between NaI(Tl) and high-resolution detectors, enabling portable, automated solutions. Future research should prioritize hybrid models, dataset standardization, and optimization for field deployment, enhancing nuclear safety and environmental monitoring capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the role of immune response and related cytokines in radiation-induced skin injury: orchestrate inflammation to repair or fibrosis","authors":"Jiacheng Li,&nbsp;Yiting Tang,&nbsp;Peijing Chen,&nbsp;Zhenhua Ding,&nbsp;Meijuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) poses a significant clinical challenge in radiotherapy, characterized by acute inflammatory responses progressing to chronic fibrosis. Central to its pathogenesis is the dynamic interplay between immune cells and cytokine-mediated cascades following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and oxidative stress induced by. This process triggers localized immune activation, radiation-damaged structural cells release DAMPs, triggering resident Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells to initiate antigen presentation and cytokine cascades; subsequently, activated macrophages and DCs recruit neutrophils and monocytes, driving acute inflammation that critically determines tissue fate toward regenerative repair or pathological fibrosis. Meanwhile, ultraviolet (UV) radiation primarily drives immunosuppression and photoaging. This review systematically delineates the dual regulatory roles of diverse immune populations—including T lymphocyte subsets, mast cells, and eosinophils—through comprehensive cytokine profiling. We highlight how temporal shifts in immune phenotypes orchestrate inflammation resolution versus fibrotic transformation. By integrating these insights, we provide a mechanistic framework of immune cells and related cytokines for RISI progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 242-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation Medicine and Protection – contributions to the UN SDGs","authors":"Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Qiuju Guo ,&nbsp;Shinji Tokonami ,&nbsp;Weihai Zhuo","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Page 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary assessment of excess life time cancer risk due to radon exposure in small scale Tanzanite mines in Tanzania","authors":"Shovi Furaeli Sawe","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) due to radon exposure in small scale Tanzanite mines in Northern Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Radon concentrations were measured using the solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) type CR-39. Three to six CR-39 detectors were placed in the underground working environment of each mine for a period of four months then removed and sent to Niton laboratory in Italy for processing and determination of radon concentrations. The obtained radon concentrations were used to estimate exposure to radon progenies, excess relative risk (ERR) of developing lung cancer, total lung cancer risk (TCR) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) using standard equations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The radon levels in 58% of the assessed mines were below the action level of 300 Bq/m³ recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) while 42% were above this limit. The estimated mean exposure to radon and its progenies ranged from 0.08 to 1.18 WLM corresponding to annual effective doses of 0.8 and 11.8 mSv/year, for the minimum and maximum values respectively. These values are below the annual limit of 20 ​mSv for occupational exposure recommended by the ICRP. The ELCR estimated using simplified linear model from BEIR IV report ranged from 0 to 0.03% which is below the U.S. EPA action level of 1.3% due to radon exposure of 148 Bq/m³.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The ELCR due to exposure to radon in the assessed mines is negligible. However, follow up studies are recommended as the depths of the mines increase especially in the mines were radon concentrations exceeded the action level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 297-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal cell responses to 3D-CRT, VMAT, and helical tomotherapy: A comparative study","authors":"Rinwarat Phumsankhot ,&nbsp;Phanwadee Kasetthamrongrat ,&nbsp;Aphidet Duangya ,&nbsp;Anirut Watcharawipha ,&nbsp;Wannapha Nobnop ,&nbsp;Narongchai Autsavapromporn","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the dosimetric parameters and radiobiological effects in both irradiated and non-irradiated bystander cells of early- and late-responding normal tissues using three radiotherapy (RT) techniques: Three-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT), Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and Helical Tomotherapy (HT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HaCaT cells, representing early-responding normal tissue with a high α/β ratio, and BEAS-2B cells, representing late-responding normal tissue characterized by a low α/β ratio, were irradiated with a 2 ​Gy across three RT techniques. A water phantom was utilized for treatment planning to maintain uniform target coverage and ensure dosimetric comparability among all RT modalities. Various radiobiological endpoints were analyzed to assess cell responses in both irradiated and bystander cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although the dosimetric parameters (<em>D</em>₉₅_% ​≈ ​2.0 ​Gy, <em>D</em>₂ _% ​≈ ​2.1 ​Gy, <em>D</em>_mean ​≈ ​2.0 ​Gy, HI ​= ​0.04–0.35, beam-on time ​= ​27–254 ​s, MU rate ​= ​270–1936) were broadly comparable across the three RT techniques, the biological responses differed depending on cell type and irradiation method. HT irradiation induced the most pronounced cellular damage in HaCaT cells, with the survival fraction (<em>SF</em>) reduced to 0.31 ​± ​0.09 in irradiated cells and cell viability of (93.5 ​± ​3.7) % in bystander cells. In contrast, for BEAS-2B cells, VMAT predominantly affected irradiated cells (<em>SF</em>: 0.36 ​± ​0.04), whereas bystander responses were more evident following HT irradiation [cell viability: (95.0 ​± ​6.3) ​%]. These observations likely reflect an interplay between biological variables (such as, cellular phenotype, DNA repair capability, and cell cycle distribution), and physical parameters, including beam delivery characteristics, beam on time and MU rate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings may help inform decision-making by radiation oncologists and support the development of individualized RT approaches aimed at maximizing treatment efficacy while minimizing long-term toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need to implement better integrated and reasonably optimized protection strategy – One Protection","authors":"Jing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We are surrounded by various hazards and threats to the health of people, animals and the environment. Therefore, the protection work is multifaceted and needs to consider all potential hazards, and balance all potential impacts to the extent practicable. Whilst separated sectorial protections have proved capable of delivering adequate levels of protection for various risks we are facing, it is crucially important that protective activities of various sectors and disciplines be better integrated into a more holistic and reasonably optimized protection strategy – One Protection. Even though the holistic approach has been in practice for decades, more has to be done for better integration with the aim to achieve net health and societal benefits “as optimal as reasonably achievable” (AOARA). In this paper, radiological protection is taken as an example to discuss challenges when sector-specific protective activities are not well integrated and lack prioritization and optimization. It demonstrates the need for better integrated and reasonably optimized protective practices to achieve the objectives of One World One Health and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 183-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}