Frontiers in Agronomy最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Insights in weed management","authors":"Bhagirath Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1328082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1328082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139283000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Side-effects of laser weeding: quantifying off-target risks to earthworms (Enchytraeids) and insects (Tenebrio molitor and Adalia bipunctata)","authors":"Christian Andreasen, Eleni Vlassi, Kenneth S. Johannsen, Signe M. Jensen","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1198840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1198840","url":null,"abstract":"With challenges posed by chemical and mechanical weed control, there are now several research and commercial projects underway to develop autonomous vehicles equipped with lasers to control weeds in field crops. Recognition systems based on artificial intelligence have been developed to locate and identify small weed seedlings, and mirrors can direct a laser beam towards the target to kill the weed with heat. Unlike chemical and mechanical weed control, laser weeding only exposes a small area of the field for the treatment. Laser weeding leaves no chemicals in the field after the treatment or does not move the soil which may harm crop roots and non-target organisms. Yet, it is well-known that laser beams can harm living organisms; the effect on the environment and fauna should be studied before laser weeding becomes a common practice. This project aimed to study the effect of laser on some living non-target organisms. We investigated the effect of laser treatment on the mortality of two species of earthworms ( Enchytraeus albidus and Enchytraeus crypticus ), larvae, pupas, and beetles of yellow mealworm beetles ( Tenebrio molitor ) and the two-spotted lady beetle ( Adalia bipunctata ) for increasing dosages of laser energy. In all earthworms experiments except one, the mortality rates of the worms living in the uppermost soil layer of clay, sandy, and organic soil exposed to laser heating were not significantly different from the controls even with laser dosages up to 236 J mm -2 . Laser doses sufficient to kill plants were lethal to the insects, and lower doses that did not kill plants, killed or harmed the insects across all life stages tested. The larger beetles survived higher doses than smaller. Laser weeding is a relatively new technology and not yet widely practiced or commercialized. Therefore, we do not discuss and compare the costs of the different weeding methods at this early stage of the development of the technology.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Compaction, aeration, and addition of mycotoxin contaminated silage alters the fermentation profile, mycotoxin content, and aerobic stability of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) silage","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1323830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1323830","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Biological characteristics, impacts, and management of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in faba bean (Vicia faba): a review","authors":"Takele Negewo, Seid Ahmed, Taye Tessema, Tamado Tana","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1236921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1236921","url":null,"abstract":"Crenate broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forskal belong to family Orobanchaceae. It is a root holo-parasitic weed that devoid of chlorophyll and entirely dependent on host plants for its growth requirement. The parasite considerably infects plant species of Leguminosae, Apiaceae and Asteraceae families in highly infested drier and warmer areas of the world. It is well known for its devastating effects on cool-season food legumes especially on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and threatening livelihood of subsistence farmers. Infected crop yield losses reach up to 100% depending on level of infection by the parasitic weed. Long-term impact of the parasite is even more serious than its short-term effects since its numerous minute seeds easily spread using different mechanisms and persist in soil up to 20 years. Besides, its management is difficult as no single method proved effective, economical and complete in managing the weed. This review paper gives an overview information on biological characteristics and harmful effects of crenate broomrape, and summarizes scientifically proven management techniques for its effective management. Different approaches should be validated, demonstrated and scaled for wider uses to manage crenate broomrape sustainably and boost the host crop productivity. Therefore, besides narrowing the knowledge gaps on the weed biology more strengthened efforts in searching for host plant resistance and/or tolerance based integrated management approaches by considering socio-economic and ecological conditions of faba bean growers are found paramount importance.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can salt-adapted microorganisms alleviate salt stress in plants and enhance their non-specific resilience?","authors":"Saubenova Margarita, Maksimovich Sviatoslav, Oleinikova Yelena, Yelubaeva Makhpal","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1287108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1287108","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change presents various challenges to agricultural biotechnology in developing crops with increased resilience to various adverse natural conditions. Given the importance of this problem, we explored the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance and the role of plant-associated microbes, in mediating important physiological and metabolic processes that increase plant resistance to salt stress. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses of the entire plant holobiont, primarily including microorganisms, to the combination of abiotic stresses may be the key to developing more effective methods of combating various stress conditions and increasing agricultural efficiency. This work encompassed 86 peer-reviewed articles focused on various aspects of plant development in saline conditions and especially on key mechanisms of mitigating stress conditions, including the role of rhizobiome and endophytic microorganisms. It is shown that host plants and various microorganisms can form complex relationships where each organism plays a specific role in forming tolerance to stress conditions. Our review proposes that studying microorganisms that are resistant to soil salinity can lead to the development of new strategies to combat salinization and improve crop stress resistance. The paper concludes that using salt-adapted biostimulant microorganisms, which are natural components of agricultural plant microbiomes, is a highly promising research area.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbicide programs, cropping sequences, and tillage-types: a systems approach for managing Amaranthus palmeri in dicamba-resistant cotton","authors":"Rohith Vulchi, Scott Nolte, Joshua McGinty, Benjamin McKnight","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1277054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1277054","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicide-resistant Amaranthus palmeri poses a significant threat to cotton production in the US. Tillage, cover crops, crop rotations, and dicamba-based herbicide programs can individually provide effective control of A. palmeri , but there is a lack of research evaluating the above tactics in a system for its long-term management. Field trials were conducted near College Station and Thrall, TX (2019–2021) to evaluate the efficacy of dicamba-based herbicide programs under multiple cropping sequences and tillage types in a systems approach for A. palmeri control in dicamba-resistant cotton. The experimental design used was a split–split plot design. The main plots were no-till cover cropping, strip tillage, and conventional tillage. The subplots were cotton:cotton:cotton (CCC) and cotton:sorghum:cotton (CSC) sequences for 3 years within each tillage type, and sub-subplots were a weedy check (WC), a weed-free check (WF), a low-input program without residual herbicides (LI), and a high-input program with residual herbicides (HI). Using HI under the CSC sequence was the only system that provided >90% control of A. palmeri for 3 years across all tillage types and locations. By 2021, A. palmeri densities in the CSC sequence at College Station (4,156 plants ha −1 ) and Thrall (4,006 plants ha −1 ) are significantly low compared to the CCC sequence (31,364 and 9,867 plants ha −1 , respectively) when averaged across other factors. Similarly, A. palmeri densities in HI at College Station (9,867 plants ha −1 ) and Thrall (1,016 plants ha −1 ) are significantly low compared to LI (25,653 and 13,365 plants ha −1 , respectively) when averaged across other factors. We also observed that the CSC sequence reduced A. palmeri seed bank by at least 40% compared to the CCC sequence at both College Station and Thrall when averaged across other factors. Over 3 years, we did not observe significant differences between LI and HI for cotton yields at College Station (1,715–3,636 kg ha −1 ) and Thrall (1,569−1,989 kg ha −1 ). However, rotating cotton with sorghum during 2020 improved cotton yields by 39% under no-till cover cropping in 2021 at Thrall. These results indicate that using dicamba-based herbicide programs with residual herbicides and implementing crop rotations can effectively manage A. palmeri in terms of seasonal control, densities, and seed bank buildup across tillage types and environments.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"16 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of biostimulant raw materials on soybean (Glycine max) crop, when applied alone or in combination with herbicides","authors":"Giulia Franzoni, Roberta Bulgari, Francesco Elia Florio, Enrico Gozio, Daniele Villa, Giacomo Cocetta, Antonio Ferrante","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1238273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1238273","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Biostimulants exert positive functions in plants, improving yield and quality, and alleviating the negative effects of abiotic stresses. Among them, the application of herbicides may cause damage to nontarget plants. At present, limited information is available regarding the interaction between biostimulants and herbicides. Methods The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of an herbicide’s mixture (Harmony ® 50 SX ® + Tuareg ® + Zetrola ® ), used in combination with several biostimulant raw materials (BRM), on the agronomic and physiologic characteristics of soybean. The experiments were conducted in two seasons, 2020 and 2021, applying the herbicides mixture alone or associated with 10 BRM. Results Differences emerged between the two years, considering nitrate, total sugars concentration, flavonol, and chlorophyll a fluorescence-related parameters. Chlorophyll content significantly declined (−45% in 2020) in plants treated with the herbicides mixture alone but, in combination with potassium silicate, the chlorophyll values were restored to control levels. The same positive effect observed in response to the combination of potassium silicate and the herbicide mixture has been confirmed in the second year of experiment. At the same time, chlorophyll content and Nitrogen Index were positively increased (up to 8% and 30%, respectively) depending on the application of some BRM and the year. A significant effect of biostimulants on yield was confirmed by the application of Ascophyllum nodosum (+16%) and humic acids (+7%), in 2020. However, the combined use with the herbicides nullifies the increase. Discussion The results obtained from these experiments support the use of biostimulants in improving specific quality traits (chlorophyll content, leaves nitrogen status, and secondary metabolites accumulation). At the same time, the potential use of biostimulants in combination with herbicides needs to be further explored since of external factors (environment, year…) still have a strong effect on their efficacy.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"7 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135365585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cash crop or food crop? socioeconomic and geopolitical factors affecting smallholder farmer crop selection in times of crisis in southwestern Tajikistan","authors":"Aksana Zakirova, Henryk Alff, Matthias Schmidt","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1228165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1228165","url":null,"abstract":"Tajikistan's agricultural sector, primarily dominated by cotton cultivation, has experienced significant changes since the Soviet era. Although farmers introduced food crops into agricultural production to ensure food security after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government still mandates that cotton cultivation occupy a considerable portion of Tajikistan's limited irrigated land. However, following the recent Covid-19 pandemic crisis, farmers have encountered the need to reassess their agricultural practices, given constrained governmental assistance and a range of socioeconomic considerations. This research adopts resilience as a conceptual framework to examine the coping strategies of smallholder farmers in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan, with a specific emphasis on the period spanning from 2019 to 2022. At the outset, our research employed the snowballing technique to increase respondent participation, later transitioning to a representative sample size that facilitated the collection of qualitative data from around 100 semi-structured interviews, 10 focus groups, and personal visits to agricultural fields over the course of four years. The paper not only demonstrates the overall creativity of Tajikistani farmers in growing and selecting non-cotton crops in this most recent period of crisis, but also points to wealthier farmers’ generally greater willingness to adopt technological innovations and gain new knowledge to apply to them. Although these strategies have been taken in order to address farmers’ immediate needs in troubled times against the backdrop of the existing state cotton policy, their sustainability remains uncertain. While the qualitative focus of this study bears certain inherent limitations, the data collected nevertheless show that this period of crisis has been generative for many farmers as they seek out new methods of subsistence.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and risks of gene drives for invasive plant management - the case for common tansy","authors":"Lori Croghan, Alan G. Smith, Matthew A. Tancos, Neil O. Anderson, Roger L. Becker","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1290781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1290781","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive plants cause significant environmental and economic damage, but land managers have few control options. Common tansy ( Tanacetum vulgare ) is prevalent in many US states and is one of the most reported invasive plants in Minnesota. Controlling common tansy poses a challenge due to its extensive distribution and association with diverse plant communities. A gene drive is being explored as a genetic biocontrol method for the management of several non-native invasives, including common tansy in North America. Gene drives have emerged as a novel biotechnology application with potential to improve public health, promote conservation, and increase agricultural productivity. In common tansy, gene drives could be developed to target genes that would reduce or eliminate female fertility and consequently inhibit common tansy seed production. Using common tansy as an example, we outline risks associated with the use of gene drive technology for invasive plant control and explain how risks may be mitigated. Understanding potential benefits and risks associated with gene drives in the early stages of development is crucial. Mitigating risks, receiving stakeholder input, and navigating the regulatory environment will play an important role in gene drive development and deployment.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant microbiomes as contributors to agricultural terroir","authors":"David Johnston-Monje, Laura Isabella Vergara, Jessica Lopez-Mejia, James Francis White","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1216520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1216520","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural products such as tea, chocolate, coffee and wine are valued for their sensorial and nutritional qualities. Variation in the growing conditions of a crop can influence the plant’s phenotype, thus it behooves agriculturalists to optimize the conditions on their farms to grow the highest quality product. The set of growing conditions associated with a certain geographic location and its influence on the product’s chemistry is known as terroir. Although terroir plays a significant role in marketing and consumer appreciation as well as product identity and valorization, rarely are the biochemical differences or the factors creating them very well understood. The word derives from the Latin for “land”, suggesting terroir is simply a function of the geographical location where a plant grew, while in its modern usage, terroir is understood to be the result of soil type, climate, landscape, topography, biotic interactions and agricultural practice. Except for fermented food products like wine and chocolate, plant associated microbiomes have been little studied for their contribution to a crop’s terroir; however, modern metagenomics and metabolomics technologies have given scientists the tools to better observe how microbial diversity can impact the chemical variation in plant products. Differences in the microbiomes inhabiting plant organs can change phytochemistry by altering host metabolism, for example increasing the nutrients absorbed by roots that then are deposited in leaves, seeds and fruits. Plant associated microbes can consume plant molecules, removing them from the metabolome, or they can contribute smells and flavors of their own. This review aims to synthesize research into rhizosphere, endosphere, phyllosphere, spermosphere, carposphere, and anthosphere microbiome influences on plant biochemistry and crop derived products, while helping to increase the appreciation that beneficial microbes are able to contribute to agriculture by improving phytochemical quality.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}