Frontiers in Agronomy最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing phosphorus use efficiency and soil quality indicators in lowland paddy ecosystem through Azolla, rice straw, and NPKS fertilizers","authors":"Said H. Marzouk, Hamis J. Tindwa, Nyambilila A. Amuri, Hashim H. Chande, J. Semoka","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1376110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1376110","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of incorporating Azolla, rice straw, and NPKS fertilizers on phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and rice productivity in lowland paddy fields. Despite Azolla’s well-known role as a nitrogen-fixing aquatic fern in rice production, its specific impact on PUE remains unclear. The primary objective is to explore diverse treatment combinations to identify synergies that enhance both PUE and overall rice productivity.The study was conducted at Mkula Irrigation Scheme in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania; the field experiment employed a randomized complete block design with 13 treatments and three replications. Treatments comprised various combinations of Azolla, rice straw, and chemical fertilizers, incorporating 50% and 100% rates of nitrogen (N) applied with phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S).The study reveals the substantial impact of Azolla application on total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium levels in the soil. Particularly noteworthy were treatment combinations involving Azolla, rice straw, and reduced rates of synthetic nitrogen, along with specific P, K, and S applications, which exhibited the highest phosphorus uptake and PUE. Specifically, combining rice straw and Azolla with reduced N rates, alongside 30 kg P ha−1 + 30 kg K ha−1 + 20 kg S ha−1, resulted in the highest phosphorus uptake (73.57 kg/ha) and PUE (46.24%).Integrated nutrient management, incorporating rice straw and Azolla alongside synthetic fertilizers, demonstrates synergistic effects on phosphorus uptake and efficiency while maintaining soil quality. The study underscores the potential of such integrated strategies to optimize PUE and contribute to sustainable rice production in lowland paddy fields.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Integrated Pest Management of tropical crops","authors":"R. Muniappan, Malick Ba, Anamika Sharma, Sara Hendery","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1407495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1407495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant protection consequences in Hungary of the withdrawal of systemic active substances from sugar beet seed treatment","authors":"I. Jócsák, F. Csima, F. Pál-Fám, Katalin Somfalvi‐Tóth, S. Keszthelyi","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1363950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1363950","url":null,"abstract":"After decades of development, neonicotinoids were widely used in Hungarian sugar beet production and seeds included thiamethoxam treatment by 2019 increasing protection against early spring pests. In Hungary, neonicotides’ influence on bee health led to their removal of emergency authorization. In the absence of thiamethoxam in 2020, experience showed that multiple treatments were needed to protect beet from pests early spring pests. Repeated applications of mostly pyrethroids have proved suitable; however, in sugar beet, this has resulted in a multiple increase in environmental stress and honey bee mortality, as well as increased input values. The aim of this work is to explore the current state of production and collect new alternative options for applying effectively in Hungarian sugar beet production technology, against early spring pests.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice yield in Costa Rican Central Pacific did not improve with a urease inhibitor","authors":"A. G. Pérez-Castillo, Weynner Giraldo-Sanclemente, Mayela Monge-Muñoz, C. Chinchilla-Soto, Melvin Alpízar-Marín, Mohammad Zaman","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1394143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1394143","url":null,"abstract":"Urea is widely used as nitrogen (N) source for rice fertilization in Costa Rica, despite its low efficiency linked to ammonia losses. To assess urea management alternatives, two field experiments were conducted in the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica to study the effect of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on rice yield and N use efficiency (NUE). In Experiment 1 (Exp1) three tillage treatments (commercial-CT-, reduced-RT-, and reduced tillage with previous subsoiler-RTS-) were evaluated with three N managements: control (without N), urea at 124 kg N ha-1 with and without NBPT. In Experiment 2 (Exp2), a 100 kg N ha-1 rate (with and without NPBT) was evaluated along with a control (without N). NUE was estimated using 15N urea isotopic labeling technique for both trials. In Exp1, a significant difference of 4.8% in NUE for grain was observed among urea with and without NBPT, but no tillage effect was observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in yield among the fertilization treatments (Exp1: 3.56 ± 0.98 t ha-1 for urea and 3.85 ± 0.85 t ha-1 for urea with NBPT; Exp2: 3.38 ± 0.39 t ha-1 for urea and 3.40 ± 0.58 t ha-1 for urea with NBPT) or due to different tillage practices (CT: 3.33 ± 0.79 t ha-1, RT: 3.56 ± 0.74 t ha-1, and RTS: 4.23 ± 0.98 t ha-1). Although the NBPT is a viable option to reduce ammonia losses, its adoption in tropical conditions might be restricted by the small impact on yield.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mini-review on data science approaches in crop yield and disease detection","authors":"Lorenzo Valleggi, Federico Mattia Stefanini","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1352219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1352219","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture constitutes a sector with a considerable environmental impact, a concern that is poised to increase with the projected growth in population, thereby amplifying implications for public health. Effectively mitigating and managing this impact demands the implementation of intelligent technologies and data-driven methodologies collectively called precision agriculture. While certain methodologies enjoy widespread acknowledgement, others, despite their lesser prominence, contribute meaningfully. This mini-review report discusses the prevalent AI technologies within precision agriculture over the preceding five years, with a specific emphasis on crop yield prediction and disease detection domains extensively studied within the current literature. The primary objective is to give a comprehensive overview of AI applications in agriculture, spanning machine learning, deep learning, and statistical methods. This approach aims to address a notable gap wherein existing reviews predominantly focus on singular aspects rather than presenting a unified and inclusive perspective.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient method for the extraction and the quantitative determination of callose from HLB-affected and healthy citrus","authors":"Chiara Bernardini, Alessandro Franco, Riccardo Russo, Taylor Livingston, Frederick G. Gmitter, Amit Levy, T. Vashisth","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1307566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1307566","url":null,"abstract":"Callose is a 1,3-β glucan responsible for several processes in planta such as cell division, ripening of pollen mother cells, maintaining the plasmodesmata opening, and providing structure to the sieve plates. Besides the physiological roles, callose is deposited during pathogen attacks, forming papillae to prevent pathogen entrance into the tissue or plugging the sieve pores to limit the spread of phloem pathogens. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the putative causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB), is a phloem-restricted pathogen whose infection leads to the production of callose in the phloem. Characterizing the dynamics of callose plugging during HLB is important for understanding the disease, but no published protocols are available for the extraction and quantification of the callose in citrus trees, and quantitative data are limited. Detection of callose by microscopy is time-consuming and expensive and does not give information about the distribution of callose in the entire plant. Here, we present a short protocol for the efficient extraction and quantification of the total callose from citrus plants. We compared different tissues from healthy and CLas-infected plants and identified an increase in callose levels in the midribs, the stems, and the fruit peduncles of infected plants. Callose levels were highest in leaves, especially midribs, compared to stems, roots, and fruit peduncles. This method could be applied to other woody plant species.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grand challenges in designing and assessing agroecological cropping systems","authors":"Stéphane Cordeau","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1384376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1384376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil solarization as a non-chemical weed control method in tree nursery production systems of the Pacific Northwest, USA","authors":"Nami Wada, Pete A. Berry, Brian Hill, Carol Mallory-Smith, Jennifer L. Parke","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2023.1321372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1321372","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicide application in tree nurseries is limited because of the potential for chemical injury to the large diversity of trees species grown, the lack of registered products, and increasing restrictions on herbicide use, necessitating the costly practice of hand weeding. Soil solarization can reduce the weed seedbank by trapping solar energy under clear plastic film, resulting in high soil temperatures lethal to imbibed weed seeds and seedlings. The objective of this study was to determine if soil solarization would be an effective weed management strategy in Pacific Northwest, USA, tree production systems.Field studies were conducted at three commercial tree nurseries in Oregon and Washington over two years to test soil solarization in reducing the naturally occurring weed seedbank and the time required to hand weed fields. Further field and laboratory tests were conducted with five weed species: Poa annua, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, and Cyperus esculentus. Weed seeds and tubers were buried in packets at 5 and 10 cm to determine their viability after 6 weeks of solarization. A laboratory study was conducted with all but C. esculentus to quantify the exposure time at 45, 50, and 55°C required for 90% death (T90).Soil solarization was particularly effective in reducing the emergence of naturally occurring weeds in the fall and winter, when weed emergence was reduced by 94-96%. Emergence was reduced 67-81% during the subsequent spring and early summer. Nine to ten months after solarization, solarized areas had a 52 – 69% reduction in hand weeding time compared to non-solarized areas. In field trials with buried seed and tuber packets, mortality differed by location and depth, with P. annua and P. pensylvanicum having the greatest percent seed mortality followed by A. retroflexus and variable results for P. oleracea and C. esculentus. In lab studies, seed mortality differed depending on species and temperature; however, at 55°C, there was a relatively rapid drop in seed viability for all species, and T90 values ranged from 1.2 to 41 h whereas at 45°C the range was 47 to > 3000 h. Similar to the field studies, P. annua and P. pensylvancium were more sensitive to heat, followed by A. retroflexus and P. oleracea.Soil solarization can be an effective weed management tool in reducing the weed seedbank in Pacific Northwest tree nurseries and other fall-sown crops but may not work for certain, thermotolerant weed species such as C. esculentus.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study on the impacts of future climate change on soybean yield and countermeasures in Fujin city of Heilongjiang province, China","authors":"Yue Li, Junfei Chang, Xining Gao, Lei Zhang, Liwei Wang, Chuanyou Ren","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1257830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1257830","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change poses a great impact on crop growth, development and yield. Soybean production in Northeast China, which is one of the traditional dominant soybean production areas in China, is of great significance for developing the domestic soybean industry and reducing dependence on imported soybeans. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the impacts of future climate change on soybean yield in Northeast China, and to propose reasonable adaptation measures. In this study, we took Fujin city of Heilongjiang province in Northeast China as an example, and used the CROPGRO-soybean model in DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) to simulate the impacts of future climate change on soybean yield in the four periods of the 2020s (2021-2030), 2030s (2031-2040), 2040s (2041-2050) and 2050s (2051-2060) under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and further determine the best agronomic management practices. The results showed that the calibrated and validated model is suitable for simulating soybean in the study area. By analyzing the meteorological data under future climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 from the PRECIS regional climate model, we found that the average temperature, cumulative precipitation and cumulative solar radiation would mostly increase during the growing season in Fujin city of Heilongjiang province. Combined with the model simulation results, it is shown that under the effect of CO2 fertilization, future climate change will have a positive impact on soybean yield. Compared to the baseline (1986-2005), the soybean yield would increase by 0.6% (7.4%), 3.3% (5.1%), 6.0% (16.8%) and 12.3% (20.6%) in the 2020s, 2030s, 2040s and 2050s under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5).Moreover, the optimal sowing dates and the optimal supplemental irrigation amount under RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) are May 10 (May 5) and 50 mm (40mm), respectively. Under future climate conditions, the agronomic management practices, such as advancing the sowing date and supplementary irrigation in the key stage of soybean growth would increase soybean yield and make soybean growth more adaptable to future climate change.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flowering margins support natural enemies between cropping seasons","authors":"J. N. Obanyi, J. Ogendo, R. Mulwa, J. Nyaanga, Erick Cheruiyot, P. Bett, S. Belmain, Sarah E. J. Arnold, Victoria C. Nash‐Woolley, Philip C. Stevenson","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1277062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1277062","url":null,"abstract":"Populations of natural enemies of insect pests are declining owing to agricultural intensification and indiscriminate use of pesticides, and this may be exacerbated in agricultural systems that clear all margin plants after the cropping season for other uses such as fodder. Retaining a diversity of non-crop flowering vegetation outside the cropping season may support more resilient and effective natural pest regulation.We tested the potential for non-crop vegetation to support natural enemies in fields across two locations after harvesting the primary crops of lablab and maize.A total of 54 plant species were recorded across the sites in Kenya with 59% of them being annuals and 41% perennials. There was a significant seasonal variation in plant species richness (ANOVA: F1, 16 = 33. 45; P< 0.0001) and diversity (ANOVA: F1, 16 = 7.20; P = 0.0511). While time since harvesting was a significant factor influencing the overall abundance of natural enemies (ANOVA: F2, 1,133 = 8.11; P< 0.0001), they were generally higher in abundance in locations with margin plants or where a diversity of margin plants was observed.These findings demonstrate that flowering plants in agricultural systems offer refuge and alternative food for natural enemies and potentially other beneficial insects between cropping seasons. The conservation of natural enemies between crops may lead to more effective natural pest regulation early in the following crop, thus reducing reliance on insecticides application.","PeriodicalId":34038,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}