德国9种环境下青贮玉米两熟制产量稳定性研究

IF 3.5 Q1 AGRONOMY
Fruzsina Schmidt, Herwart Böhm, Hans-Peter Piepho, Peer Urbatzka, Michael Wachendorf, Rüdiger Graß
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引用次数: 0

摘要

产量及其稳定性是评价种植制度可行性的重要指标。然而,目前的实地研究框架很难对短期效应稳定性进行准确的评价。因此,在德国9个环境(3年、3个地点)中,通过对18个种植系统的有机青贮玉米试验进行风险评估,对第一作物、玉米、总收获干生物量产量(DMY)和玉米干物质含量(DMC)变异性进行了评估。处理因素包括第一作物组(纯豆科植物、豆科-谷类混合作物)、第一作物组(冬豆、毛豆及其与黑麦混合作物,对照)、第一作物利用与耕作相结合的管理(两熟免耕、两熟免耕、两熟免耕、两熟还田、双熟还田、覆膜终止辊压还田,对照)、施肥与机械除草(是-不是)、行宽(75 cm、50 cm)。结果与讨论第一作物DMY与玉米DMC呈正相关,玉米DMY与总DMY呈负相关。风险差异受系统(作物数量)、管理和第一种作物(组)的影响,并遵循与它们对参数平均值的影响相一致的模式。土壤和气候条件,特别是玉米播种和建立前后的土壤和气候条件,以及季节长度对两熟两季覆盖系统至关重要。在目前的情况下,德国北部地区的位置不太适合研究的替代系统,而在其他地区(中部和南部),减少耕作的两熟系统以及纯豆科植物覆盖的两熟系统可能为青贮玉米提供替代管理系统。进一步优化关键的播种和建立阶段可能会导致未来两季和两季覆盖系统的选择更加多样化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Yield stability of silage maize double cropping systems across nine German environments
Introduction Yield and its stability are both vital characteristics to evaluate the viability of cropping systems. However, the current frames of field research hardly allow an accurate evaluation of short-term effect stability. Therefore, over nine German environments (three years and three locations), first crop, maize, total harvested dry biomass yield (DMY), and maize dry matter content (DMC) variability were evaluated through a risk assessment in an organically managed silage maize experiment comprising 18 cropping systems. Material and methods The treatment factors included first crop group (pure legume, legume–cereal mixture), first crop (winter pea, hairy vetch and their mixtures with rye, control), management —incorporating first crop use and tillage (double cropping system no-till, double cropping system reduced till, double-cropped, mulched system terminated with roller-crimper, control), fertilization and mechanical weed control (yes–no), and row width (75 cm, 50 cm). Results and discussion The first crop DMY and maize DMC had a positive relationship with its variance, whereas maize DMY and total DMY had a negative relationship. The differences in risks were governed by system (number of crops), management and first crop ( group ), and followed compatible patterns with what was observed for their influence on the mean of the parameters. The pedological and climatic conditions, especially near maize sowing and establishment, and therefore the length of season are crucial in double cropping and double-cropped, mulched systems. In its current state, the location in the northern region of Germany was not well suited for the studied alternative systems, whereas in the other regions (central and south), double cropping systems with reduced tillage as well as double-cropped systems with pure legume mulches may offer alternative management systems for silage maize. Further optimization of the critical sowing and establishment phase may result in more diversified options for double cropping and double-cropped, mulched systems in the future.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Agronomy
Frontiers in Agronomy Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
123
审稿时长
13 weeks
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