Clinical Psychology in Europe最新文献

{"title":"Reduction of Pathological Skin-Picking Via Expressive Writing: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Carina Schlintl, Anne Schienle","doi":"10.32872/cpe.11215","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.11215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Expressive writing (EW: a personal form of writing about emotional distress, without regard to writing conventions) can improve physical and mental health. The present study investigated whether EW can reduce pathological skin-picking. In addition, the effects of two modalities of writing were contrasted with each other: computer vs. paper/pencil.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 132 females with self-reported pathological skin-picking participated in a two-week intervention. They either carried out six EW sessions or wrote about six abstract paintings (control condition), using either paper/pencil or a computer. Before and after each session, participants rated their affective state and the urge to pick their skin via a smartphone application. Questionnaires for assessing skin-picking severity were completed before and after the two-week intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The urge for skin-picking decreased directly after a writing session. The reduction was more pronounced in participants of the EW group, who also experienced reduced tension and increased feelings of relief at the end of a writing session. EW also reduced the severity of focused skin-picking after the two-week intervention. The writing modality had no differential effect on skin-picking symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified beneficial effects of EW on pathological skin-picking. A future study could investigate EW as a potential tool in the context of (online) psychotherapy for skin-picking disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e11215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Symptoms Link Anxiety and Depression Within a Validation of the German State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA).","authors":"Rebecca Overmeyer, Tanja Endrass","doi":"10.32872/cpe.9753","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.9753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the present study we aimed to develop a German version of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA) and evaluate the psychometric properties. Associations of cognitive and somatic anxiety with other measures of anxiety, depression, and stress, elucidating possible underlying functional connections, were also examined, as symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress often overlap.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two samples (n1 = 301; n2 = 303) were collected online and in the lab, respectively. Dynamic connections between somatic and cognitive anxiety, other measures of anxiety, depression, and stress, were analyzed using a network approach. Psychometric analyses were conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We replicated and validated the two-factorial structure of the STICSA with the German translation. Network analyses revealed cognitive trait anxiety as the most central node, bridging anxiety and depression. Somatic trait anxiety exhibited the highest discriminant validity for distinguishing anxiety from depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The central role of cognitive symptoms in these dynamic interactions suggests an overlap of these symptoms between anxiety and depression and that differential diagnostics should focus more on anxious somatic symptoms than on cognitive symptoms. The STICSA could therefore be useful in delineating differences between anxiety and depression and for differential assessment of mood and anxiety symptoms. Additional understanding of both cognitive and somatic aspects of anxiety might prove useful for therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e9753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missed Opportunities in Clinical Psychology: What About Running Factorial Design Internet Trials and Using Other Outcomes Than Self-Report?","authors":"Gerhard Andersson","doi":"10.32872/cpe.12063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.12063","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical psychology and in particular research on and implementation of psychological treatments can be regarded as a success story (Hofmann et al., 2012). Many treatment guidelines and recommendations now acknowledge that psychological treatments can serve as adjuncts to pharmacological treatments, and they are also described as standalone and first-line recommended treatments for mild to moderate psychological prob­ lems and diagnoses like major depression and the anxiety disorders. The reason for this is not based on opinion and consensus (which used to be the case in medicine and psychiatry 100 years ago), but increasingly well conducted research studies inform health care and the practice of clinical psychology. Not only controlled intervention studies change practice but also research on mechanisms and processes including self-report measures, brain-imaging and tests of information processing, to give a few examples. In particular, when it comes to cognitive-behavioural treatments (CBT), it can rightfully be argued that there is less need for new studies repeating the same finding that getting CBT is often better than not getting it (there might still be a need to study different psy­ chotherapy orientations like psychodynamic psychotherapy). One way to bring interven­ tion research forward is to use factorial designs in order to discern effective components (Watkins & Newbold, 2020). As I will return to it has not been possible to obtain large enough sample sizes in regular clinical research to run factorial design trials but the use of the internet and modern information technology has changed this (Andersson et al., 2019).","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e12063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Assessment of Strengths and Their Association With Mental Health in Psychotherapy Patients at the Beginning of Treatment.","authors":"Jan Schürmann-Vengels,&nbsp;Stefan Troche,&nbsp;Philipp Pascal Victor,&nbsp;Tobias Teismann,&nbsp;Ulrike Willutzki","doi":"10.32872/cpe.8041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.8041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern concepts assume that mental health is not just the absence of mental illness but is also characterized by positive well-being. Recent findings indicated a less pronounced distinction of positive and negative mental health dimensions in clinical samples. Self-perceived strengths were associated with markers of mental health in healthy individuals. However, analyses of strengths and their association with different mental health variables in clinical populations are scarce.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional design was conducted at a German outpatient training and research center. 274 patients before treatment (female: 66.4%, mean age = 42.53, SD = 13.34, range = 18-79) filled out the Witten Strengths and Resource Form (WIRF), a multidimensional self-report of strengths, as well as other instruments assessing positive and negative mental health variables. Data was analyzed with structural equation modeling and latent regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis of the WIRF showed good model fit for the assumed three-subscale solution. Regarding mental health, a one-factor model with positive and negative variables as opposite poles showed acceptable fit. A correlated dual-factor model was not appropriate for the data. All WIRF subscales significantly predicted unique parts of variance of the latent mental illness factor (p = .035 - p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The context-specific assessment of patients' strengths was confirmed and led to an information gain in the prediction of mental health. Results suggest that positive and negative facets of mental health are highly entwined in people with pronounced symptoms. The scientific and practical implications of these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e8041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41111302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Online Mindfulness Intervention for International Students: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial.","authors":"Sumeyye Balci,&nbsp;Ann-Marie Küchler,&nbsp;David Daniel Ebert,&nbsp;Harald Baumeister","doi":"10.32872/cpe.9341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.9341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Student mobility across borders poses challenges to health systems at the university and country levels. International students suffer from stress more than their local peers, however, do not seek help or underutilize existing help offers. Some barriers to help-seeking among international students are insufficient information regarding the health offers, stigma, and language, which might be overcome via culturally adapted internet and mobile-based interventions (IMI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A randomized controlled feasibility trial with a parallel design assessed the feasibility and potential efficacy of an online mindfulness intervention adapted for international university students. Participants were randomized into either an adapted online mindfulness intervention (StudiCareM-E) (IG, n = 20) or a waitlist control group (WL, n = 20). Participants were assessed at baseline (t0) and eight-week post-randomization (t1). The feasibility of StudiCareM-E was evaluated regarding intervention adherence, client satisfaction, and potential negative effects. The potential efficacy of StudiCareM-E was measured by means of the level of mindfulness, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, presenteeism, and wellbeing. Efficacy outcomes were evaluated with regression models on the intention-to-treat (ITT) sample (n = 40), adjusting for the baseline values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants' formative feedback suggested improvements in the content of the IMI. There were no crucial negative effects compared to WL. Assessment dropout was 35% (IG: 50%: WL: 20%), and intervention dropout was 60%. StudiCareM-E yielded significant improvements in mindfulness (β = .34), well-being (β = .37), and anxiety (β = -.42) compared to WL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>StudiCareM-E might be used among culturally diverse international student populations to improve their well-being. Future studies might carefully inspect the extent of the adaptation needs of their target group and design their interventions accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e9341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) and Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS): Adaptation and Validation in Buenos Aires, Argentina.","authors":"Rodrigo Lautaro Rojas, Camila Florencia Cremades, Milagros Celleri, Cristian Javier Garay","doi":"10.32872/cpe.10451","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.10451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The OASIS and ODSIS scales are two transdiagnostic brief 5-item instruments designed to assess the severity and functional impairment associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. The present study aimed to adapt and validate the online versions of both scales in Buenos Aires, Argentina.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 344 women and men from the general population of Buenos Aires completed a test battery consisting of the OASIS, the ODSIS, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI). Descriptive statistics and item discrimination of both scales were analyzed, as well as their factorial structure, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity, using the R programming language.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a unidimensional factorial structure, excellent internal consistency, and adequate construct validity for both the OASIS and the ODSIS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results supports the use of both scales as valid and reliable instruments to assess severity and interference due to anxiety and depression in the general population of Buenos Aires, Argentina.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e10451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of Happiness Predicts Concurrent but not Prospective Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents.","authors":"Merle Kock, Eline Belmans, Filip Raes","doi":"10.32872/cpe.10495","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.10495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is increasingly recognised that the study of responses to positive emotions significantly contributes to our understanding of psychopathology. Notably, positive emotions are not necessarily experienced as pleasurable. Instead, some believe that experiencing happiness may have negative consequences, referred to as fear of happiness (FOH), or they experience a fear of losing control over positive emotions (FOLC). According to reward devaluation theory, such an association of positivity with negative outcomes will result in positive stimuli being devalued over time, contributing to or maintaining depressive symptoms. The prospective relationship between fears of positivity and depressive symptoms is yet to be examined in adolescents. The present longitudinal study investigated whether FOH and FOLC prospectively predict depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>128 adolescents between 16-18 years of age (M = 16.87, SD = 0.80) recruited from two secondary schools in Flanders, Belgium, completed measures of depressive symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) including consummatory anhedonia, FOH (Fear of Happiness Scale), and FOLC (Affective Control Scale) in their classroom at baseline and 2-months follow-up. Regression analyses were performed to test the association between FOH, FOLC, and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FOH concurrently, but not prospectively, predicted depressive symptoms. There was no significant association between FOH and consummatory anhedonia. FOLC was not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms or consummatory anhedonia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that FOH may only be concurrently related to depressive symptoms. Considering prior findings in adults, future research should investigate the association of FOH with anticipatory anhedonia in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e10495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Expectancy Violation in Extinction Learning: A Two-Day Online Fear Conditioning Study.","authors":"Daniel Gromer, Lea K Hildebrandt, Yannik Stegmann","doi":"10.32872/cpe.9627","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.9627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure therapy is at the core of the treatment of pathological anxiety. While the inhibitory learning model proposes a framework for the mechanisms underlying exposure therapy, in particular expectancy violation, causal evidence for its assumptions remains elusive. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide evidence for the influence of expectancy violation on extinction retention by manipulating the magnitude of expectancy violation during extinction learning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In total, 101 individuals completed a web-based fear conditioning protocol, consisting of a fear acquisition and extinction phase, as well as a spontaneous recovery and fear reinstatement test 24h later. To experimentally manipulate expectancy violation, participants were presented only with states of the conditioned stimulus that either weakly or strongly predicted the aversive outcome. Consequently, the absence of any aversive outcomes in the extinction phase resulted in low or high expectancy violation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found successful fear acquisition and manipulation of expectancy violation, which was associated with reduced threat ratings for the high compared to the low expectancy violation group directly after extinction learning. On Day 2, inhibitory CS-noUS associations could be retrieved for expectancy ratings, whereas there were no substantial group differences for threat ratings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that the magnitude of expectancy violation is related to the retrieval of conscious threat expectancies, but it is unclear how these changes translate to affective components (i.e., threat ratings) of the fear response and to symptoms of pathological anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e9627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did a Nocebo Effect Contribute to the Rise in Special Education Enrollment Following the Flint, Michigan Water Crisis?","authors":"Siddhartha Roy, Keith J Petrie, Greg Gamble, Marc A Edwards","doi":"10.32872/cpe.9577","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.9577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to waterborne lead during the Flint Water Crisis during April 2014-October 2015 is believed to have caused increased special education enrollment in Flint children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective population-based cohort study utilized de-identified data for children under six years of age who had their blood lead tested during 2011 to 2019, and special education outcomes data for children enrolled in public schools for corresponding academic years (2011-12 to 2019-20) in Flint, Detroit (control city) and the State of Michigan. Trends in the following crisis-related covariates were also evaluated: waterborne contaminants, poverty, nutrition, city governance, school district policies, negative community expectations, media coverage and social media interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2011 and 2019, including the 2014-15 crisis period, the incidence of elevated blood lead in Flint children (≥ 5µg/dL) was always at least 47% lower than in the control city of Detroit (p < .0001) and was also never significantly higher than that for all children tested in Michigan (p = 0.33). Nonetheless, special education enrollment in Flint spiked relative to Detroit and Michigan (p < .0001). There is actually an inverse relationship between childhood blood lead and special education enrollment in Flint.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study failed to confirm any positive association between actual childhood blood lead levels and special education enrollment in Flint. Negative psychological effects associated with media predictions of brain damage could have created a self-fulfilling prophecy via a nocebo effect. The findings demonstrate a need for improved media coverage of complex events like the Flint Water Crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"e9577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skill Improvement Through Learning in Therapy (SKILT): A Study Protocol for a Randomized Trial Testing the Direct Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Skill Acquisition and Role of Learning Capacity in Depression.","authors":"Sanne J E Bruijniks, Ulrike Frank, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Jessica Werthmann, Fritz Renner","doi":"10.32872/cpe.8475","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.8475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To improve psychological treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), a better understanding on how symptoms ameliorate during treatment is essential. In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), it is unclear whether procedures focused on the acquisition of CBT skills play a causal role in the improvement of CBT skills. In this randomized trial, we isolate a single CBT Skill Acquisition Procedure (CBTSAP) and test its direct effects on CBT skills and related therapy processes (i.e., change in (idiosyncratic) dysfunctional thinking and reward processing). We hypothesize that the CBTSAP causes improvements in CBT skills and related therapy processes compared to an active control condition. In addition, we hypothesize that individual differences in attentional bias and memory functioning (defined as learning capacity) moderate the effects of CBTSAP on outcomes and that using mental imagery as a cognitive support strategy to strengthen the effects of the CBTSAP will be most beneficial for patients with low learning capacity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>150 patients with MDD will be randomized to one of three conditions: 1. an active control condition, 2. CBTSAP, 2. CBTSAP plus mental imagery, all consisting of three sessions. Primary outcomes will be change in CBT skills, changes in (idiosyncratic) dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors, reward processing. Depressive symptoms are a secondary outcome. Measures of learning capacity will be conducted at baseline and tested as a potential moderator.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Knowing whether and for whom the acquisition of CBT skills leads to change in therapy processes and a subsequent reduction of depressive symptoms will inform on how to personalize and optimize psychotherapy outcomes for depression.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DKTR; registration number: DRKS00024116).</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"e8475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}