Clinical Psychology in Europe最新文献

{"title":"Fear of Happiness Predicts Concurrent but not Prospective Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents.","authors":"Merle Kock, Eline Belmans, Filip Raes","doi":"10.32872/cpe.10495","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.10495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is increasingly recognised that the study of responses to positive emotions significantly contributes to our understanding of psychopathology. Notably, positive emotions are not necessarily experienced as pleasurable. Instead, some believe that experiencing happiness may have negative consequences, referred to as fear of happiness (FOH), or they experience a fear of losing control over positive emotions (FOLC). According to reward devaluation theory, such an association of positivity with negative outcomes will result in positive stimuli being devalued over time, contributing to or maintaining depressive symptoms. The prospective relationship between fears of positivity and depressive symptoms is yet to be examined in adolescents. The present longitudinal study investigated whether FOH and FOLC prospectively predict depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>128 adolescents between 16-18 years of age (M = 16.87, SD = 0.80) recruited from two secondary schools in Flanders, Belgium, completed measures of depressive symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) including consummatory anhedonia, FOH (Fear of Happiness Scale), and FOLC (Affective Control Scale) in their classroom at baseline and 2-months follow-up. Regression analyses were performed to test the association between FOH, FOLC, and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FOH concurrently, but not prospectively, predicted depressive symptoms. There was no significant association between FOH and consummatory anhedonia. FOLC was not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms or consummatory anhedonia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that FOH may only be concurrently related to depressive symptoms. Considering prior findings in adults, future research should investigate the association of FOH with anticipatory anhedonia in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e10495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Expectancy Violation in Extinction Learning: A Two-Day Online Fear Conditioning Study.","authors":"Daniel Gromer, Lea K Hildebrandt, Yannik Stegmann","doi":"10.32872/cpe.9627","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.9627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure therapy is at the core of the treatment of pathological anxiety. While the inhibitory learning model proposes a framework for the mechanisms underlying exposure therapy, in particular expectancy violation, causal evidence for its assumptions remains elusive. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide evidence for the influence of expectancy violation on extinction retention by manipulating the magnitude of expectancy violation during extinction learning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In total, 101 individuals completed a web-based fear conditioning protocol, consisting of a fear acquisition and extinction phase, as well as a spontaneous recovery and fear reinstatement test 24h later. To experimentally manipulate expectancy violation, participants were presented only with states of the conditioned stimulus that either weakly or strongly predicted the aversive outcome. Consequently, the absence of any aversive outcomes in the extinction phase resulted in low or high expectancy violation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found successful fear acquisition and manipulation of expectancy violation, which was associated with reduced threat ratings for the high compared to the low expectancy violation group directly after extinction learning. On Day 2, inhibitory CS-noUS associations could be retrieved for expectancy ratings, whereas there were no substantial group differences for threat ratings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that the magnitude of expectancy violation is related to the retrieval of conscious threat expectancies, but it is unclear how these changes translate to affective components (i.e., threat ratings) of the fear response and to symptoms of pathological anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e9627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did a Nocebo Effect Contribute to the Rise in Special Education Enrollment Following the Flint, Michigan Water Crisis?","authors":"Siddhartha Roy, Keith J Petrie, Greg Gamble, Marc A Edwards","doi":"10.32872/cpe.9577","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.9577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to waterborne lead during the Flint Water Crisis during April 2014-October 2015 is believed to have caused increased special education enrollment in Flint children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective population-based cohort study utilized de-identified data for children under six years of age who had their blood lead tested during 2011 to 2019, and special education outcomes data for children enrolled in public schools for corresponding academic years (2011-12 to 2019-20) in Flint, Detroit (control city) and the State of Michigan. Trends in the following crisis-related covariates were also evaluated: waterborne contaminants, poverty, nutrition, city governance, school district policies, negative community expectations, media coverage and social media interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2011 and 2019, including the 2014-15 crisis period, the incidence of elevated blood lead in Flint children (≥ 5µg/dL) was always at least 47% lower than in the control city of Detroit (p < .0001) and was also never significantly higher than that for all children tested in Michigan (p = 0.33). Nonetheless, special education enrollment in Flint spiked relative to Detroit and Michigan (p < .0001). There is actually an inverse relationship between childhood blood lead and special education enrollment in Flint.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study failed to confirm any positive association between actual childhood blood lead levels and special education enrollment in Flint. Negative psychological effects associated with media predictions of brain damage could have created a self-fulfilling prophecy via a nocebo effect. The findings demonstrate a need for improved media coverage of complex events like the Flint Water Crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"e9577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skill Improvement Through Learning in Therapy (SKILT): A Study Protocol for a Randomized Trial Testing the Direct Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Skill Acquisition and Role of Learning Capacity in Depression.","authors":"Sanne J E Bruijniks, Ulrike Frank, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Jessica Werthmann, Fritz Renner","doi":"10.32872/cpe.8475","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.8475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To improve psychological treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), a better understanding on how symptoms ameliorate during treatment is essential. In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), it is unclear whether procedures focused on the acquisition of CBT skills play a causal role in the improvement of CBT skills. In this randomized trial, we isolate a single CBT Skill Acquisition Procedure (CBTSAP) and test its direct effects on CBT skills and related therapy processes (i.e., change in (idiosyncratic) dysfunctional thinking and reward processing). We hypothesize that the CBTSAP causes improvements in CBT skills and related therapy processes compared to an active control condition. In addition, we hypothesize that individual differences in attentional bias and memory functioning (defined as learning capacity) moderate the effects of CBTSAP on outcomes and that using mental imagery as a cognitive support strategy to strengthen the effects of the CBTSAP will be most beneficial for patients with low learning capacity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>150 patients with MDD will be randomized to one of three conditions: 1. an active control condition, 2. CBTSAP, 2. CBTSAP plus mental imagery, all consisting of three sessions. Primary outcomes will be change in CBT skills, changes in (idiosyncratic) dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors, reward processing. Depressive symptoms are a secondary outcome. Measures of learning capacity will be conducted at baseline and tested as a potential moderator.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Knowing whether and for whom the acquisition of CBT skills leads to change in therapy processes and a subsequent reduction of depressive symptoms will inform on how to personalize and optimize psychotherapy outcomes for depression.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DKTR; registration number: DRKS00024116).</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"e8475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Psychology and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Survey Among Members of the European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment (EACLIPT).","authors":"Julia Asbrand, Samantha Gerdes, Josefien Breedvelt, Jenny Guidi, Colette Hirsch, Andreas Maercker, Céline Douilliez, Gerhard Andersson, Martin Debbané, Roman Cieslak, Winfried Rief, Claudi Bockting","doi":"10.32872/cpe.8109","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.8109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people globally both physically and psychologically. The increased demands for mental health interventions provided by clinical psychologists, psychotherapists and mental health care professionals, as well as the rapid change in work setting (e.g., from face-to-face to video therapy) has proven challenging. The current study investigates European clinical psychologists and psychotherapists' views on the changes and impact on mental health care that occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It further aims to explore individual and organizational processes that assist clinical psychologists' and psychotherapists' in their new working conditions, and understand their needs and priorities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Members of the European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment (EACLIPT) were invited (N = 698) to participate in a survey with closed and open questions covering their experiences during the first wave of the pandemic from June to September 2020. Participants (n = 92) from 19 European countries, mostly employed in universities or hospitals, completed the online survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that clinical psychologists and psychotherapists throughout the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic managed to continue to provide treatments for patients who were experiencing emotional distress. The challenges (e.g., maintaining a working relationship through video treatment) and opportunities (e.g., more flexible working hours) of working through this time were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recommendations for mental health policies and professional organizations are identified, such as clear guidelines regarding data security and workshops on conducting video therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"e8109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103154/pdf/cpe-05-8109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoception and Premonitory Urges in Children and Adolescents With Tic Disorders.","authors":"Christina Schütteler, Katrin Woitecki, Manfred Döpfner, Alexander L Gerlach","doi":"10.32872/cpe.8185","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.8185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Compared to healthy controls (HCs), adult Tic Disorder (TD) patients exhibit a lower interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) in heartbeat perception. Since the lower IAcc is not evident in children, the age at which tics develop, but in adults only (Pile et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3608-8), lower IAcc may reflect a pathological mechanism relevant with regard to tics, premonitory urges (PUs) or the resulting impairment. Although tics are a motor phenomenon, up to date, IAcc has been assessed only with a heartbeat-counting task. This study aims at comparing cardiac and muscular IAcc using two different paradigms and investigates how IAcc is related to premonitory urges in youth.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Interoceptive measures (heartbeat-counting task, muscle tension paradigm) of 28 youth with TD were compared to 23 control participants and related to self-rated premonitory urges and tic symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TD patients did not differ from HCs in any IAcc measures. However, within TD patients, IAcc explained additional variance in PUs when controlling for tic severity. Muscular IAcc in TD patients is related to urges and tics, but the direction of this association is unclear. IAcc is lower in TD patients than in HCs, indicating imprecise sensory input which is more easily overcome by priors within the predictive coding framework.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Muscle tension feedback tasks could extend interoceptive trainings aimed at improving IAcc to improve accuracy of urge perception (more precise sensory input) to foster the ability to control tics via HRT. Longitudinal studies could provide further insights in causal relationships between IAcc, premonitory urges and tics.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"e8185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The (Neuro)-Science Behind Resilience: A Focus on Stress and Reward.","authors":"Chantal Martin-Soelch","doi":"10.32872/cpe.11567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.11567","url":null,"abstract":"of disorders in a transdiagnostic approach based on clinical neuroscience research results. Preliminary studies from our group suggest that in children of parents suffering from depression, reactions to rewards are impacted differently than in a control group under acute stress conditions (Gaillard et al., 2020; Martin-Soelch et al., 2020). These results are interesting because our partici­ pants had no clinical symptoms, but they showed different neural activation to reward stimuli and to the effect of stress on their processing. This may suggest a form of latent vulnerability that is not observable at the behavioral level. These results are in line with differences observed in response to rewarding information (without stress) in offspring of depressed parents (McCabe et al., 2012)","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"e11567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cultural Supplement: A New Method for Assessing Culturally Relevant Prolonged Grief Disorder Symptoms.","authors":"Clare Killikelly,&nbsp;Andreas Maercker","doi":"10.32872/cpe.7655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.7655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The new diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is both an opportunity and a challenge for researchers, clinicians, and bereaved individuals. The latest definition of PGD includes a refreshing and novel feature: the cultural caveat, i.e., clinicians must determine that the grief presentation is more severe and of longer duration than would be expected by an individual's culture and context. Currently, there are no guidelines on how to operationalize the cultural caveat in mental health care settings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To respond to this important demand we have developed, piloted, and tested the cultural supplement module of the International Prolonged Grief Disorder scale (IPGDS). The cultural supplement aims to provide clinicians with a catalogue of culturally relevant symptoms of grief that indicate probable PGD alongside a simple framework for cultural adaptation for use in specific clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this short report we outline the rationale and aim of the cultural supplement and provide a summary of our latest validation studies of the IPGDS with bereaved German-speaking, Chinese and Swiss migrant individuals. We also provide a step-by-step framework for adaptation of the cultural supplement that clinicians and researchers may use when working with different cultural groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To date, this is the first PGD questionnaire based on the ICD-11, and the first to include a cultural supplement that can be adapted to different contexts and groups. This cultural supplement will provide clinicians and researchers an easy-to-use assessment tool with the aim to improve the global applicability of the ICD-11 PGD definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"e7655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Announcement of the Registered Report “Can a Variant of the Implicit Association Test Detect Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in a Clinical Population? A Registered Report”","authors":"Femke Cathelyn, Tilia Linthout, Pieter Van Dessel, L. Claes, J. de Houwer","doi":"10.32872/cpe.11499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.11499","url":null,"abstract":"Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a severe and prevalent mental health problem (Nock, 2010). Measures to detect which individuals are at risk for NSSI would be valuable for clinical practice. However, we still lack strong predictors of future NSSI behaviour, with the most notable exception being prior NSSI behaviour (Franklin et al., 2017; Griep & MacKinnon, 2022; Kiekens et al., 2018; Turner et al., 2013; Whitlock et al., 2013). Yet, the measurement of prior NSSI behaviour with self-report measures can be difficult because individuals may be motivated to conceal this harmful behaviour (Long, 2018; MacDonald et al., 2020; Simone & Hamza, 2020). To overcome this problem, an implicit measure has been developed that assesses automatic responding to statements about prior NSSI behaviour (i.e., the past nonsuicidal self-injury Implicit Association Test: P-NSSI-IAT;","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48373883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open-Label Placebo Effects on Psychological and Physical Well-Being: A Conceptual Replication Study.","authors":"Anne-Kathrin Bräscher, Ioanna-Evangelia Ferti, Michael Witthöft","doi":"10.32872/cpe.7679","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.7679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contrary to traditional placebos, open-label placebos (OLP) abstain from deception, i.e., participants are openly informed to receive an inert substance. Studies in clinical and healthy samples evidence the efficacy of OLPs. This study aims to conceptually replicate and expand findings of a recent OLP study in healthy participants while implementing a within-subject design and daily instead of retrospective assessments. Additionally, the effect of a brand name on the medicine container is tested and possible predictors of the OLP effects are explored.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Healthy participants (N = 75) received OLP and no placebo for 5 days each (randomized sequence) and answered daily questionnaires on sleep quality, bodily symptoms, mental well-being, and psychological distress. The medicine container of half the participants had a brand name, the remaining did not. Different personality traits and situational factors were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mental and physical well-being did not differ between OLP and control phase, i.e., overall, no OLP effect emerged. Contrast analysis indicated that an OLP effect emerged for sleep quality and psychological distress when no brand name was present. Further, an OLP effect emerged in persons with higher expectations for bodily symptoms (r = .23, p = .046) and psychological distress (r = .24, p = .037).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Methodological differences to the original study are discussed as an explanation for the failure to induce overall OLP effects. Future studies should continue to replicate previous findings and determine the exact conditions of successful implementation of OLP effects in healthy as well as clinical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"4 4","pages":"e7679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9881123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9257435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}