Clinical Psychology in Europe最新文献

{"title":"Scheduled support versus support on demand in internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial","authors":"Anton Käll, Cecilia Olsson Lynch, Kajsa Sundling, Tomas Furmark, Per Carlbring, Gerhard Andersson","doi":"10.32872/cpe.11379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.11379","url":null,"abstract":"<sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Objectives</title> Clinician-supported internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) can be an effective treatment option when treating social anxiety disorder (SAD). Unguided ICBT is often found to be less effective. One possible solution to reduce the costs of clinician support is to provide support on demand. In this format of guidance, participants have the option to contact their clinician if needed. In a few studies, this mode of support has been compared favorably to scheduled support. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Method</title> Participants in a previously reported controlled trial on SAD who had been in a waitlist control group were randomly allocated to ICBT with either on-demand guidance or scheduled weekly therapist guidance. A total of 99 participants were included. Data were collected weekly on the primary outcome measure, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self-report (LSAS-SR), and at pre- and post-treatment for secondary measures. Data were analyzed in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle using mixed-effects models. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Results</title> Both groups improved significantly during the treatment according to the LSAS-SR ratings. The groups did not differ in their estimated change during the treatment period, with a between-group effect of d = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.37, 0.43]. Both groups experienced similar improvement also on the secondary outcome measures, with small between-group effect sizes on all outcomes. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Conclusions</title> The findings indicate that support on demand can be an effective way of providing guidance in ICBT for SAD, although more research on this topic is needed. A limitation of the study is that it was conducted in 2009, and the findings were in the file drawer. Subsequent published studies support our initial findings, but more research is needed. </sec>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135132830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shame on me? Love me tender! Inducing and reducing shame and fear in social anxiety in an analogous sample","authors":"Jakob Fink-Lamotte, Jürgen Hoyer, Pauline Platter, Christian Stierle, Cornelia Exner","doi":"10.32872/cpe.7895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.7895","url":null,"abstract":"<sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Background</title> Shame is considered an important factor in the development and maintenance of many psychological disorders, e.g., social anxiety disorder, and an interesting target point for therapeutic intervention. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Method</title> In the present experimental study, we used an online-adopted Autobiographical Emotional Memory Task (AEMT) to induce shame and tested different micro-interventions (self-compassion, cognitive reappraisal, and a control intervention) with respect to their potential to reduce shame intensity. One-hundred-and-fifteen healthy subjects participated in the study and completed a series of self-report questionnaires on self-compassion, shame, and social anxiety. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Results</title> The experimental shame induction was well accepted and successful (with significantly heightened feelings of shame); there were no study drop-outs. There was a significant time*condition interaction, which was due the self-compassion-based intervention resulting in a significantly larger reduction of shame than the control condition (counting fishes). In addition, the main effect of the factor experimental condition was further moderated (enhanced) by trait social anxiety and trait self-compassion. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Conclusion</title> The findings demonstrate the usefulness of online-adopted AEMT for the experimental induction of shame. They suggest that especially self-compassion interventions can be beneficial in alleviating intense shame experiences, which is in accordance with self-compassion theory. Overall, the results are promising in the context of experimental shame research and its potential clinical impacts call for further replication. </sec>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135132832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building an early warning system for depression: Rationale, objectives, and methods of the WARN-D study","authors":"Eiko I. Fried, Ricarda K. K. Proppert, Carlotta L. Rieble","doi":"10.32872/cpe.10075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.10075","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000 Depression is common, debilitating, often chronic, and affects young people disproportionately. Given that only 50% of patients improve under initial treatment, experts agree that prevention is the most effective way to change depression’s global disease burden. The biggest barrier to successful prevention is to identify individuals at risk for depression in the near future. To close this gap, this protocol paper introduces the WARN-D study, our effort to build a personalized early warning system for depression.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Method\u0000 To develop the system, we follow around 2,000 students over 2 years. Stage 1 comprises an extensive baseline assessment in which we collect a broad set of predictors for depression. Stage 2 lasts 3 months and zooms into participants’ daily experiences that may predict depression; we use smartwatches to collect digital phenotype data such as sleep and activity, and we use a smartphone app to query participants about their experiences 4 times a day and once every Sunday. In Stage 3, we follow participants for 21 months, assessing transdiagnostic outcomes (including stress, functional impairment, anxiety, and depression) as well as additional predictors for future depression every 3 months. Collected data will be utilized to build a personalized prediction model for depression onset.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Discussion\u0000 Overall, WARN-D will function similarly to a weather forecast, with the core difference that one can only seek shelter from a thunderstorm and clean up afterwards, while depression may be successfully prevented before it occurs.","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135133384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worry intervention in an older adult with a persecutory delusion: A single case experimental design","authors":"Poppy Brown, Anna Crabtree","doi":"10.32872/cpe.11173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.11173","url":null,"abstract":"<sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Background</title> This report presents the single case of Jack, a 67-year-old referred to our Older Adult Community Mental Health Team (OA CMHT) for his distressing persecutory delusion and high levels of worry. Jack also reported learning difficulties and autistic traits, although neither were formally diagnosed. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Method</title> Ten sessions of worry intervention taken from The Feeling Safe Programme worry module were used to reduce Jack’s time spent worrying and increase his engagement in meaningful activity. Weekly face-to-face sessions were held, with Jack’s brother acting as a co-therapist. Adaptations to the intervention were made based on Jack’s learning preferences. An AB single case experimental design was adopted to compare Jack’s scores on measures of worry, paranoia and delusional conviction, and wellbeing and daily functioning before and after intervention. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Results</title> Results demonstrate the worry intervention improved Jack’s scores on all measures to a clinically significant degree. </sec> <sec xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\"> <title>Conclusions</title> This is the first known report of applying the worry intervention to an older adult. The results show the intervention can be of considerable benefit in terms of reducing worry and paranoia, in the context of both older age and suspected neurodiversity. </sec>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135133388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Pathological Skin-Picking Via Expressive Writing: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Carina Schlintl, Anne Schienle","doi":"10.32872/cpe.11215","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.11215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Expressive writing (EW: a personal form of writing about emotional distress, without regard to writing conventions) can improve physical and mental health. The present study investigated whether EW can reduce pathological skin-picking. In addition, the effects of two modalities of writing were contrasted with each other: computer vs. paper/pencil.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 132 females with self-reported pathological skin-picking participated in a two-week intervention. They either carried out six EW sessions or wrote about six abstract paintings (control condition), using either paper/pencil or a computer. Before and after each session, participants rated their affective state and the urge to pick their skin via a smartphone application. Questionnaires for assessing skin-picking severity were completed before and after the two-week intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The urge for skin-picking decreased directly after a writing session. The reduction was more pronounced in participants of the EW group, who also experienced reduced tension and increased feelings of relief at the end of a writing session. EW also reduced the severity of focused skin-picking after the two-week intervention. The writing modality had no differential effect on skin-picking symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified beneficial effects of EW on pathological skin-picking. A future study could investigate EW as a potential tool in the context of (online) psychotherapy for skin-picking disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e11215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Symptoms Link Anxiety and Depression Within a Validation of the German State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA).","authors":"Rebecca Overmeyer, Tanja Endrass","doi":"10.32872/cpe.9753","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.9753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the present study we aimed to develop a German version of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA) and evaluate the psychometric properties. Associations of cognitive and somatic anxiety with other measures of anxiety, depression, and stress, elucidating possible underlying functional connections, were also examined, as symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress often overlap.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two samples (n1 = 301; n2 = 303) were collected online and in the lab, respectively. Dynamic connections between somatic and cognitive anxiety, other measures of anxiety, depression, and stress, were analyzed using a network approach. Psychometric analyses were conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We replicated and validated the two-factorial structure of the STICSA with the German translation. Network analyses revealed cognitive trait anxiety as the most central node, bridging anxiety and depression. Somatic trait anxiety exhibited the highest discriminant validity for distinguishing anxiety from depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The central role of cognitive symptoms in these dynamic interactions suggests an overlap of these symptoms between anxiety and depression and that differential diagnostics should focus more on anxious somatic symptoms than on cognitive symptoms. The STICSA could therefore be useful in delineating differences between anxiety and depression and for differential assessment of mood and anxiety symptoms. Additional understanding of both cognitive and somatic aspects of anxiety might prove useful for therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e9753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missed Opportunities in Clinical Psychology: What About Running Factorial Design Internet Trials and Using Other Outcomes Than Self-Report?","authors":"Gerhard Andersson","doi":"10.32872/cpe.12063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.12063","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical psychology and in particular research on and implementation of psychological treatments can be regarded as a success story (Hofmann et al., 2012). Many treatment guidelines and recommendations now acknowledge that psychological treatments can serve as adjuncts to pharmacological treatments, and they are also described as standalone and first-line recommended treatments for mild to moderate psychological prob­ lems and diagnoses like major depression and the anxiety disorders. The reason for this is not based on opinion and consensus (which used to be the case in medicine and psychiatry 100 years ago), but increasingly well conducted research studies inform health care and the practice of clinical psychology. Not only controlled intervention studies change practice but also research on mechanisms and processes including self-report measures, brain-imaging and tests of information processing, to give a few examples. In particular, when it comes to cognitive-behavioural treatments (CBT), it can rightfully be argued that there is less need for new studies repeating the same finding that getting CBT is often better than not getting it (there might still be a need to study different psy­ chotherapy orientations like psychodynamic psychotherapy). One way to bring interven­ tion research forward is to use factorial designs in order to discern effective components (Watkins & Newbold, 2020). As I will return to it has not been possible to obtain large enough sample sizes in regular clinical research to run factorial design trials but the use of the internet and modern information technology has changed this (Andersson et al., 2019).","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e12063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Assessment of Strengths and Their Association With Mental Health in Psychotherapy Patients at the Beginning of Treatment.","authors":"Jan Schürmann-Vengels,&nbsp;Stefan Troche,&nbsp;Philipp Pascal Victor,&nbsp;Tobias Teismann,&nbsp;Ulrike Willutzki","doi":"10.32872/cpe.8041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.8041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern concepts assume that mental health is not just the absence of mental illness but is also characterized by positive well-being. Recent findings indicated a less pronounced distinction of positive and negative mental health dimensions in clinical samples. Self-perceived strengths were associated with markers of mental health in healthy individuals. However, analyses of strengths and their association with different mental health variables in clinical populations are scarce.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional design was conducted at a German outpatient training and research center. 274 patients before treatment (female: 66.4%, mean age = 42.53, SD = 13.34, range = 18-79) filled out the Witten Strengths and Resource Form (WIRF), a multidimensional self-report of strengths, as well as other instruments assessing positive and negative mental health variables. Data was analyzed with structural equation modeling and latent regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis of the WIRF showed good model fit for the assumed three-subscale solution. Regarding mental health, a one-factor model with positive and negative variables as opposite poles showed acceptable fit. A correlated dual-factor model was not appropriate for the data. All WIRF subscales significantly predicted unique parts of variance of the latent mental illness factor (p = .035 - p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The context-specific assessment of patients' strengths was confirmed and led to an information gain in the prediction of mental health. Results suggest that positive and negative facets of mental health are highly entwined in people with pronounced symptoms. The scientific and practical implications of these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e8041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41111302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) and Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS): Adaptation and Validation in Buenos Aires, Argentina.","authors":"Rodrigo Lautaro Rojas, Camila Florencia Cremades, Milagros Celleri, Cristian Javier Garay","doi":"10.32872/cpe.10451","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.10451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The OASIS and ODSIS scales are two transdiagnostic brief 5-item instruments designed to assess the severity and functional impairment associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. The present study aimed to adapt and validate the online versions of both scales in Buenos Aires, Argentina.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 344 women and men from the general population of Buenos Aires completed a test battery consisting of the OASIS, the ODSIS, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI). Descriptive statistics and item discrimination of both scales were analyzed, as well as their factorial structure, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity, using the R programming language.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a unidimensional factorial structure, excellent internal consistency, and adequate construct validity for both the OASIS and the ODSIS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results supports the use of both scales as valid and reliable instruments to assess severity and interference due to anxiety and depression in the general population of Buenos Aires, Argentina.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e10451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Online Mindfulness Intervention for International Students: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial.","authors":"Sumeyye Balci,&nbsp;Ann-Marie Küchler,&nbsp;David Daniel Ebert,&nbsp;Harald Baumeister","doi":"10.32872/cpe.9341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.9341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Student mobility across borders poses challenges to health systems at the university and country levels. International students suffer from stress more than their local peers, however, do not seek help or underutilize existing help offers. Some barriers to help-seeking among international students are insufficient information regarding the health offers, stigma, and language, which might be overcome via culturally adapted internet and mobile-based interventions (IMI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A randomized controlled feasibility trial with a parallel design assessed the feasibility and potential efficacy of an online mindfulness intervention adapted for international university students. Participants were randomized into either an adapted online mindfulness intervention (StudiCareM-E) (IG, n = 20) or a waitlist control group (WL, n = 20). Participants were assessed at baseline (t0) and eight-week post-randomization (t1). The feasibility of StudiCareM-E was evaluated regarding intervention adherence, client satisfaction, and potential negative effects. The potential efficacy of StudiCareM-E was measured by means of the level of mindfulness, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, presenteeism, and wellbeing. Efficacy outcomes were evaluated with regression models on the intention-to-treat (ITT) sample (n = 40), adjusting for the baseline values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants' formative feedback suggested improvements in the content of the IMI. There were no crucial negative effects compared to WL. Assessment dropout was 35% (IG: 50%: WL: 20%), and intervention dropout was 60%. StudiCareM-E yielded significant improvements in mindfulness (β = .34), well-being (β = .37), and anxiety (β = -.42) compared to WL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>StudiCareM-E might be used among culturally diverse international student populations to improve their well-being. Future studies might carefully inspect the extent of the adaptation needs of their target group and design their interventions accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"5 2","pages":"e9341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}