International Journal of Multiphase Flow最新文献

{"title":"Experimental analysis of velocity field characteristics within bubble wakes in fiber bundle","authors":"Roberta Fátima Neumeister ,&nbsp;Ryo Kurimoto ,&nbsp;Ryuya Komine ,&nbsp;Gherhardt Ribatski ,&nbsp;Kosuke Hayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are commonly employed for wastewater treatment, coupling biological processes and filtration. Among the available configurations, vertical fibers are usually applied. The multiphase flow inside the MBR is complex and the relative motion of the bubble, the wall effect, the interaction with fibers, and the main involved phenomena are not fully understood. The present study concerns an analysis of the velocity field within the bubble wake under conditions with (WF) and without (NF) fiber bundle interaction. The experimental setup consisted of 144 fibers in a square tank with a width of 160 mm filled with water where single air bubbles are injected in the central position. The equivalent bubble diameter ranged from 9.85 to 18.7 mm. The velocity fields were measured in the water tank containing silicon carbide (SiC) particles illuminated by a laser sheet through the Spatial Filter Velocimetry (SFV) technique. Particles images were acquired at 37,500 fps and processed to obtain bubbles terminal velocities, wake velocity fields, temporal data series, and bubble-induced turbulence. The velocity field result revealed that under NF conditions bubbles smaller than 13 mm presents a zigzag motion, while for larger bubbles straight upward flow predominated. Under WF conditions, straight upward flow was observed for all evaluated bubbles. Furthermore, the flow field in the WF condition was contained within fibers, forming a like subchannel flow, and showed closed wake characteristics, while the NF condition shows an expanding wake. This reveals a reduction in bubble wake size for the WF condition. Intensity of velocity fluctuation was observed contained within the subchannels for WF conditions, while the affected area for NF was always larger for the tested cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of tip vortex cavitation using a multiscale method","authors":"Xinzhen Qin ,&nbsp;Ben Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Yuqi Huang ,&nbsp;Xueming Shao ,&nbsp;Jian Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a multiscale Euler–Lagrange method to simulate tip vortex cavitation (TVC), accurately modelling bubble dynamics at the macroscopic Eulerian scale. The method employs mapping strategies using a Gaussian kernel function and topological relationships to represent momentum and mass transfer between the Eulerian and Lagrangian frames. We investigate the effects of nuclei content and spatial distribution on TVC inception induced by an elliptical foil, comparing the predicted cavitation inception indices with experimental data, wetted flow simulations, and conventional Euler cavitation simulations. Our results demonstrate that the model yields cavitation inception indices that closely align with experimental observations. Additionally, our simulations reveal a direct correlation between the index and location of TVC inception with both the content and spatial distribution of nuclei. We also examine the temporal evolution of a single nucleus injected at the same position under different cavitation numbers to elucidate the mechanism of TVC inception. We observe two distinct outcomes for nucleus evolution. At higher ambient pressures, only localised elongated cavities move downstream and eventually collapse, a phenomenon not captured by traditional Euler simulations or hybrid Euler–Lagrange methods. When pressure is sufficiently low, a nucleus captured downstream of the minimum pressure location can progress upstream and trigger sustained TVC by connecting to the downstream cavity. This research offers a promising methodology for a deeper understanding of TVC inception and highlights the significant role of nuclei in this process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-plume and multi-plume atomisation of ethanol with different levels of water content at hot fuel conditions","authors":"P.G. Aleiferis ,&nbsp;J. Shukla ,&nbsp;M. Brewer ,&nbsp;R.F. Cracknell","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Producing anhydrous ethanol involves separation of ethanol and water in an energy intensive process. It is possible to use ethanol (without any gasoline) as a fuel in countries where the ambient temperature is high enough that the low vapour pressure of pure ethanol does not give rise to significant cold weather driveability issues. From a cost and carbon footprint perspective, it is highly desirable to use hydrous ethanol, but there is a clear need to understand the effect of water content in ethanol on the spray formation process and hence mixture formation. The present paper presents results from an optical experimental investigation into the effects of 0–15 % water content per volume in ethanol on spray formation, using high-speed imaging and droplet sizing. Experiments were carried out with fuel temperatures in the range 20–110 °C at 1.0 bar and 0.5 bar gas pressure. <em>Iso</em>-octane and water were also tested for comparison. Multi-hole and isolated single-hole injections were studied to decouple effects from plume-to-plume interactions. Single-plume hydrous ethanol fuels showed initial delay out of the nozzle with shorter penetration but gradually achieved or surpassed the liquid penetration of the anhydrous fuel. Increased water content was generally associated with reduced single plume cone angle between 20 and 90 °C, but at 110 °C the order was reversed, with the hydrous ethanol blends having greater cone angle than the anhydrous which has implications for spray collapse upon multi-plume operation. At 20 °C, 1.0 bar, anhydrous ethanol showed larger droplets than <em>iso</em>-octane by ∼5 %, with the addition of 10 % water increasing the SMD by about a further 5 %. Water showed larger SMD than the fuels by 30–40 %. At 110 °C, 0.5 bar, all fuels showed smaller droplets by 20–30 % than at the subcooled condition. When comparing the isolated single-plume spray with the respective plume pair of the multi-hole experiment for anhydrous ethanol and <em>iso</em>-octane at subcooled conditions, it was observed that the plume pair had higher penetration. This could be attributed to near-nozzle effects from interacting adjacent plumes, differences in gas entrainment and drag. At superheated conditions, the penetration of the multi-hole plume pair for <em>iso</em>-octane was similar to that of the isolated single-hole plume spray. However, for ethanol it was clearly shorter due to presence of plume merging and initiation of spray collapse, effects that were absent for the single-plume configuration. The fact that increasing water content was associated with wider near-nozzle plume angle at superheated conditions and stronger propensity for plume merging and spray collapse, despite the slightly lower vapour pressure, suggests that other effects, <em>e.</em>g<em>.</em> related to the higher heat capacity of water and potential temperature saturation upon phase change, could dominate the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axisymmetric explosions in a liquid microjet induced by co-axial nanosecond laser","authors":"Qisheng Chen ,&nbsp;Tianqi Zhai ,&nbsp;Chenghao Xu ,&nbsp;Bingyang Liu ,&nbsp;Huihui Xia ,&nbsp;Weiwei Deng ,&nbsp;Xinyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanchu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report an experimental investigation on the explosion of a liquid microjet induced by nanosecond laser. The jet is periodically perturbed by a piezoelectric actuator to generate highly controllable jet pinch-off. The laser is introduced co-axially and propagates through the liquid jet by total internal reflections. The pinch-off region serves as a light funnel to confine and concentrate the laser beam, and the optical power flux may exceed the threshold to induce plasmas and explosions. The explosive phenomenon evolves over four different time scales spanning from 10 ns to <span><math><mrow><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>. The growth of the explosion gap follows power laws behavior , while the growth of the mist cloud diameter remains linear with respect to time, both of which can be described by models relating plasma volume to deposited energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frictional losses in a bubbling fluidized bed with horizontal flow of solids","authors":"Munavara Farha,&nbsp;Diana Carolina Guío-Pérez,&nbsp;Filip Johnsson,&nbsp;David Pallarès","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the frictional losses in a horizontal flow of solids fluidized under bubbling conditions, relevant to applications like combustion, gasification, drying, and waste incineration. Experiments were conducted in a fluid-dynamically down-scaled setup simulating a bed of Geldart type B solids, fluidized under typical industrial conditions for thermochemical conversion processes, corresponding to sand (particle density: 2650 kg/m³; diameter: 950 µm) fluidized with air/flue gas at 900 °C. The rig features a bubbling bed with a closed horizontal loop for controlled solids circulation, equipped with in-bed pressure probes to measure horizontal pressure drop. Horizontal solids velocity was evaluated by performing magnetic solids tracing experiments. Key parameters varied included solids velocity (0–0.10 m/s), channel width (0.58–1.0 m), and settled bed height (0.67–0.83 m).</div><div>The results clearly indicate a horizontal pressure gradient (15–485 Pa/m), which is proportional to the solids' mean velocity (0–0.101 m/s in upscaled terms). An inverse relationship between the pressure gradient and channel width was also identified. Rheological analysis indicates shear-thinning behavior, with wall shear stress ranging from 10 to 140 Pa for shear rates of 2 × 10⁻³–0.45 s⁻¹ (on an up-scaled basis). Existing models for non-Newtonian flow were found to underestimate the impact of geometric parameters. An alternative correlation is proposed, and friction coefficients are calculated. Analysis of friction coefficients against the Reynolds number confirms laminar flow. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between the generalized Reynolds and Péclet numbers highlights the impact of viscous forces in solids mixing. Lastly, the friction factor analysis, based on granular flow rheology, indicates that friction dynamics occur within the dense flow regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 105192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of compound droplet impacting on microcolumn arrays","authors":"Li Dai,&nbsp;Yuying Du,&nbsp;Lijuan Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experimental study on the impact behavior of compound droplet on microcolumn arrays was performed. The deforming, spreading and retraction were investigated by varying Weber number (<em>We</em> = 25–250), inner liquid viscosity (<em>μ</em> = 5.92–21.1 mPa·s) and ratios of inner to outer radii (<em>α</em> = 0.35–0.72). The results show that droplets with larger α exhibits jet spreading in the early stage and slower retraction in the later stage. The increasing <em>We</em> yields larger inertia force, contributing to that the spreading pattern gradually changes from a rhombus shape to a circular shape. The spreading factor increases with the increasing inner liquid viscosity. In the retracting stage, the spreading factor increases with the decreasing <em>α</em> due to the additional surface tension force causing by the presence of inner interface in the rim. When the viscosity of inner liquid is considerably large, the microstructure inhibits the spreading process. The retraction maximum height on the microstructure increases with the increasing <em>α</em>. Furthermore, the energy dissipation equation was analyzed. It can be concluded that the increasing friction coefficient, contact area and viscosity lead to greater energy dissipation, significantly affecting spreading dynamics. This study provides vital information for fundamental understanding of the dynamic characteristics when the compound droplet impacts on the microcolumn arrays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive lift force model for deformable bubbles rising in moderate shear flows","authors":"Niklas Hidman,&nbsp;Henrik Ström,&nbsp;Gaetano Sardina,&nbsp;Srdjan Sasic","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide comprehensive regression models for the lift force coefficient <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and the terminal relative velocity for clean deformable bubbles in moderate shear flows. The models are expressed as functions of the a priori known Galilei (<span><math><mi>Ga</mi></math></span>) and Eötvös (<span><math><mi>Eo</mi></math></span>) numbers, eliminating the need for additional sub-models to predict, for example, the bubble shape. The proposed models are developed for a wide range of governing parameters (approximately <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>Ga</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>10000</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Eo</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>20</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>) and show good agreement with the existing numerical and experimental data. This robustness makes the models highly applicable to most practical gas–liquid systems. The <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-model is particularly suited for moderate-to-high non-dimensional shear rates <span><math><mrow><mi>Sr</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>01</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, where the lift force is significant compared to other hydrodynamic forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-fidelity methodology for particle-resolved direct numerical simulations","authors":"M. Houssem Kasbaoui,&nbsp;Marcus Herrmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel computational method for direct numerical simulations of particle-laden flows with fully-resolved particles (PR-DNS). The method is based on the recently developed Volume-Filtering Immersed Boundary method [Dave et al, <em>Journal of Computational Physics</em>, 487:112136, 2023] derived by volume-filtering the transport equations. This approach is mathematically and physically rigorous, in contrast to other PR-DNS methods which rely on ad-hoc numerical schemes to impose no-slip boundary conditions on the surface of particles. With the present PR-DNS strategy, we show that the ratio of filter size to particle diameter acts as a parameter that controls the level of fidelity. In the limit where this ratio is very small, a well-resolved PR-DNS is obtained. Conversely, when the ratio of filter size to particle diameter is large, a classic point-particle method is obtained. The discretization of the filtered equations is discussed and compared to other PR-DNS strategies based on direct-forcing immersed boundary methods. Numerical examples with sedimenting resolved particles are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning uncertainty framework applied to gas-liquid horizontal pipe flow","authors":"André Mendes Quintino,&nbsp;Milan Stanko","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate multiphase pipe flow modeling (e.g. prediction of pressure drop and volume fraction) is important for several disciplines and industries. It is possible to develop pipe multiphase flow models using laboratory data or simulator output and machine learning techniques but their application is limited due to their black-box nature and subpar generalization performance. The effectiveness of these models can be improved by “teaching the models to know what they know” and outputting the prediction uncertainty together with a mean value. By giving a stochastic prediction, the model can inform the user about the uncertainty of its prediction, facilitating informed decision-making. In this work, we evaluate 3 machine learning frameworks and 3 parametrization strategies for the development of a stochastic data-driven gas-liquid pipe flow (pressure and holdup) model. This to ultimately determine which machine learning framework and parametrization strategy produces stochastic models that best fit the data set, capture its associated uncertainty and where the predicted uncertainty grows considerably in extrapolation scenarios, rendering the model useless. For this purpose, a steady-state two-phase horizontal flow synthetic dataset was created using a commercial multiphase flow simulator to train and validate three deep learning frameworks: deep ensembles, hyper-deep ensembles, and Monte Carlo dropout. The effect of the performance using different groups of input features to predict the pressure gradient and holdup is also evaluated, and the performance metrics are assessed based on in-domain (validation) and out-of-domain (extrapolation) cases, the latter consisting of a scale-up scenario (bigger diameter). Results indicate that all three frameworks accurately predicted the mean values. However, deep ensembles outperformed the other in predicting the uncertainty range. Additionally, the results show the feature importance of different dimensional and dimensionless inputs for the model training and prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ML-based semantic segmentation for quantitative spray atomization description","authors":"Basil Jose ,&nbsp;Oliver Lammel ,&nbsp;Fabian Hampp","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fuel spray atomization in gas turbine systems significantly impacts the combustion process and thereby emission formation. Considering the necessity for quantitative description of the influence of operating conditions on the spray breakup mechanisms, a machine learning (ML) based methodology is introduced to accurately segment the dispersed liquid from the continuous gaseous phase in shadowgraphy images. The segmented images subsequently facilitate a high-level statistical analysis of gas-liquid-interface contours and ultimately instability dynamics. For this purpose, multiple ML models varying in architecture (Semantic FPN and DeepLabV3+), datasets and augmentations are benchmarked to achieve the best performance. Subsequently, the best model is validated and used to obtain conditional statistics on the detected spray contours of three different spray types (jet-in-crossflow, pressure swirl spray and prefilming airblast spray). The model showcases high robustness, transferability across spray configurations and accuracy along multiple never-seen sprays thereby illustrating the superiority of deep learning methods for scientific image segmentation tasks. Moreover, the inferred high-level statistical analysis provides novel quantitative insights into the involved turbulence-spray interactions aiding the understanding of jet, sheet and film atomization under highly turbulent flow conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}