International Journal of Multiphase Flow最新文献

{"title":"Numerical study on the scale effect of tip vortex cavitation with special emphasis on non-condensable nuclei","authors":"Mohan Xu ,&nbsp;Huaiyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Bin Ji ,&nbsp;Xiaoxing Peng ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tip vortex cavitation (TVC) around a family of elliptic NACA66₂–415 hydrofoils with different scales (<em>λ</em>=0.5, 0.75, 1) under the same cavitation number is simulated to study its scale effect. A satisfying agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results. Our results suggest that although TVC varies with scales without considering the influence of non-condensable nuclei, that difference is much more significant when nuclei effect is considered in the simulations. Moreover, it indicates that nuclei influence is more significant for a larger scale. It strongly proves the important role of nuclei in TVC scale effect. By comparing the pressure gradients in various directions, it is found that the pressure gradient in the radial direction leads to the enrichment of nuclei in the tip vortex core. With the increase of scale, the radial pressure gradient increases, which further causes the increase of nuclei concentration. In addition, a practical method for predicting nuclei concentration in the tip vortex core is proposed. The theoretical derivation indicates the proportionality between the dimensionless nuclei concentration in the tip vortex core and the dimensionless circulation, which is validated by the numerical results. A fitting equation between dimensionless nuclei concentration and tip vortex circulation is then provided, by which the nuclei concentration can be forecast without the time-consuming simulation of nuclei movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 105346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of shock wave propagation characteristics and bubble collapse mechanisms in bubbly flows","authors":"Xiaolong Li,&nbsp;Xufeng Han,&nbsp;Dehao Wang,&nbsp;Ao Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaofei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the gas-liquid two-phase shock tube experimental setup, high-frequency pressure measurements and high-speed photography are employed to acquire the shock wave pressure in bubbly flows and sequential images of bubble deformation induced by shock wave. The propagation characteristics of shock waves in bubbly flows, and the influence of incident shock wave intensity and gas void fraction on the pressure variation and shock wave propagation speed are investigated. The collapse characteristics and mechanisms of spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles under the action of the shock wave are elucidated. Results indicate that, compared to that in single-phase liquid flow, the pressure at a fixed position in bubbly flows oscillates and increases under the action of the incident shock wave. The shock wave pressure at the same depth increases with the increase of the incident shock wave intensity and the decrease of the gas void fraction. The shock wave propagation velocity increases with the decrease of the gas void fraction and the increase of the incident shock wave intensity. A semi-empirical relationship for predicting the shock wave propagation velocity is established through dimensional analysis. The collapse of spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles under the action of shock waves exhibits entirely distinct characteristics. For spherical bubbles, the \"North Pole\" and \"South Pole\" of the bubble successively indent inward, eventually resulting in bubble collapse. For ellipsoidal bubbles, the interfaces near the two vertices of the major axis indent inward, thereby leading to bubble collapse. When the shock wave interacts with the bubble, the vorticity generation caused by the baroclinic gradient substantially affects the collapse of both spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles. Owing to the difference in the interface curvature between spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles, the convergence characteristics of the reflected shock wave in ellipsoidal bubbles are less pronounced compared to those in spherical bubbles. The reflected shock wave alters the direction of initial vorticity on the upper interface of the ellipsoidal bubble, which constitutes a fundamental reason for the distinct collapse characteristics observed in spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 105340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound particle image velocimetry in turbulent particle-laden flows: Line density correction with experimental validation","authors":"Edwin Bone ,&nbsp;Ariel Espinoza-Jara ,&nbsp;Magdalena Walczak ,&nbsp;Wernher Brevis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamics of solid particles in turbulent flows are crucial for industrial applications such as transport of mining slurries, where information on particle trajectories are essential for predicting erosive wear. This study evaluates the use of ultrasound particle image velocimetry (UPIV) to measure the velocity field of glass beads (250–<span><math><mrow><mn>300</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>; 1, 2, 3 wt%) in a controlled turbulent setting (slurry pot, Stokes number 1.21–5.66, Reynolds number <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>75</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) validating the results against optical PIV measurements. A line density correction is developed to address the errors caused by electronic sweeping and transducer artifacts, both inherent to UPIV. The standard error in transversal velocity is reduced by 21.6%. Although UPIV operates at a lower frame rate (335 fps), wavelet analysis validates its effectiveness in capturing the dynamics of flow structures relevant to erosive wear. These findings highlight UPIV’s potential to advance the study of flow structure in opaque media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 105298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A semi-analytical description of the flow of unidirectional, collisional suspensions via extended kinetic theory","authors":"Diego Berzi ,&nbsp;Ashkan Pilbala ,&nbsp;Luigi Fraccarollo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We address the collisional transport of cohesionless sediments over a particle bed driven by a gravitational turbulent stream under steady and fully developed flow conditions. The sediment-laden flow forms self-equilibrated resistance mechanisms at the bed surface, below which the sediments are at rest. The principle of mass, momentum, and energy conservation, for both the fluid and the particle phases, gives rise to a challenging set of differential equations, demanding closures for stresses, interaction forces and exchange of energy among the phases and energy dissipation in particle–particle encounters. We introduce a semi-analytical solution of steady, unidirectional collisional suspensions in the framework of the kinetic theory of granular gases, extended to deal with a high volumetric concentration of frictional, nonspherical sediments and the influence of the fluid drag in between collisions. We supplement the extended kinetic theory with a single-parameter and depth-adaptive, although arbitrary, concentration profile. Then, the set of nonlinear differential equations can be solved in a straightforward fashion. As part of the analytical procedure, the concentration parameter is determined without data fitting. The agreement with laboratory experiments performed with mixtures of plastic cylinders in water, in a range of strength of the turbulent shearing fluid and angle of inclination of the flow, is remarkable in terms of profiles of particle mean velocity, velocity fluctuations, and concentration, at least in the part of the flow where the length of the particle trajectories in between successive collisions can be considered unaffected by gravity and buoyancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 105312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inertial particle cluster dynamics in the core region of a turbulent duct flow","authors":"Tuhin Bandopadhyay ,&nbsp;Alvaro Tomas Gil ,&nbsp;Laura Villafañe","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial and temporal characteristics of clusters of small and heavy particles in fully developed turbulence are studied in the central region of a vertical duct flow. A series of time-resolved three-dimensional particle positions from direct numerical simulations is used as dataset. New methods are presented to define and track cluster structures that reduce the processing time of large datasets with large number of particles. Clusters are identified using a density-based clustering algorithm, and only a reduced set of all particles is used to correlate clusters in consecutive time instances exploiting morphological information. This approach eliminates the need for particle tracking when individual particle dynamics are not sought or known a priori. A hierarchy of clusters is evidenced with size and time of presence probability distributions exhibiting power-law behaviors. Clusters across all sizes are seen to predominantly evolve by breaking up into smaller parts and merging to form larger structures, with a significant number of structures also losing particles until disintegrating. The time clusters persist positively correlates, on average, with their size. The instantaneous volume rate of change of clusters scales with the turnover time of equivalent size eddies in the inertial range, supporting that clustering is driven by multi-scale turbulent eddies for <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>St</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Clusters shrink on average at a faster pace than they grow, which is related to positive average particle velocity divergence within clusters, which increases with increasing local particle concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 105313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport of rod-shaped particles in a canopy flow with a buoyant plume","authors":"Laura K.C. Sunberg ,&nbsp;Hayoon Chung ,&nbsp;Erika S. MacDonald ,&nbsp;Nicholas T. Ouellette ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Koseff","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spot fires occur when a main wildfire launches smoldering firebrands that ignite new fires upon landing. Firebrands can have a wide array of shapes, and previous studies have suggested that their shape may impact their transport. Here, we present the results of experiments designed to examine the behavior of firebrands of different shape under flows characterized by different levels of turbulence induced by different length canopies and/or turbulent buoyant plumes, which are both key physical elements in spot fire scenarios. We find that when neither strong canopy turbulence nor a turbulent buoyant plume is present, rods travel farther and disperse more than spheres that have the same quiescent settling velocity. However, the landing distributions of rods and spheres are more similar when significant canopy turbulence is present, and they become statistically indistinguishable when a turbulent buoyant plume is present. Distributions of the rod streamwise orientations and streamwise tumbling rates show that the rods do not maintain a fixed orientation under any flow scenario, and that they tend to tumble faster and have broader orientation distributions when there are higher levels of turbulence in the flow. These results suggest that it may not be necessary to account for firebrand shape to predict firebrand landing distributions under all flow conditions, and that the common practice of assuming a fixed firebrand orientation when shape is considered is not appropriate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 105331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the transient dynamics of shock wave interaction with an expanding/shrinking bubble near a solid boundary: a numerical study","authors":"Bo Li ,&nbsp;Haodong Wu ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Jia-Yue Yang ,&nbsp;Gao-Ming Xiang ,&nbsp;Linhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we performed a comprehensive numerical study to investigate the shock wave interaction with an initial expanding/shrinking bubble near a planar rigid wall, which has not been studied in-depth in previous studies. We examine the dependence of the bubble behavior, critical jetting dynamics and wall pressure on the initial bubble phase, incident shock wave intensity as well as the stand-off distance, which are characterized by three parameters, corresponding to <em>η</em>, <span><math><msubsup><mi>p</mi><mrow><mtext>max</mtext></mrow><mtext>SW</mtext></msubsup></math></span>, and <em>γ</em>, respectively. We find that upon the shock wave-bubble interaction near a solid boundary, the bubble collapse is significantly intensified compared to the cases without the incident shock waves. During the violent bubble collapse, the jetting patterns depends on the initial phase of the bubble upon the shock wave-bubble interaction. Particularly, the shock wave-induced collapse of bubbles with an initial shrinking phase generates needle jets instead of regular jets under smaller <em>γ</em> (= 0.25) with varied <em>η</em>. Meanwhile, the maximum wall pressure generated by the impact of liquid jet could reach up to 41.7 GPa, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that of near-wall bubble collapse without the incident shock waves. It is also found that the peak wall pressure generated by shock wave-induced collapse of bubbles with an initial shrinking phase is positively correlated with <em>η</em> and higher than their counterparts with an initial expanding phase. In addition, the impaction of the incident shock waves significantly reduces the collapse time of bubbles and increases the pressure impulse (<em>PI</em>) at the wall center. We believe that our findings are beneficial to the field of cavitation erosion in hydraulic propellers and shock wave lithotripsy in biomedical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 105339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic forces on high Bond bubbles rising near a vertical wall at moderate Reynolds numbers: An experimental approach","authors":"C. Estepa-Cantero ,&nbsp;C. Martínez-Bazán ,&nbsp;R. Bolaños-Jiménez","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimisation of industrial processes involving bubbly flows requires a deeper understanding of the forces acting on the bubbles, being particularly challenging when they rise in the presence of solid surfaces. The evolution of the drag and lift forces on a bubble rising in a stagnant liquid near a vertical wall is experimentally characterised here by high-speed imaging. The hydrodynamic forces are determined non-intrusively by applying the Kirchhoff equations to the bubble motion, using the experimental evolution of the bubble velocity and geometry. Three different rising regimes are investigated, namely, rectilinear, zigzag, and spiral, where the initial dimensionless initial horizontal wall-bubble distance, <span><math><mi>L</mi></math></span>, is varied from <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>. The three cases, which fall near the transition between regimes, are defined by the Bond and Galilei numbers, <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>≈</mo></mrow></math></span> (5,60), (4,99), and (10,108), respectively, being the resulting Reynolds numbers, <span><math><mrow><mn>60</mn><mo>≲</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>≲</mo><mn>110</mn></mrow></math></span>. In all regimes, both the drag and lift forces increase as <span><math><mi>L</mi></math></span> decreases, even after the bubble has moved far enough away from the wall. In the rectilinear case, they remain nearly constant as the bubble rises, whereas in the unstable cases, they oscillate at twice the frequency of the bubble trajectory. The drag coefficient reaches its maximum value when the velocity is vertically aligned, while the lift coefficient peaks when the bubble is at its largest lateral distance. These results are of particular interest because, to our knowledge, there are currently no correlations in the literature that can accurately estimate the hydrodynamic forces within this range of parameters and under the influence of a nearby wall. Furthermore, the experimental measurements presented here could be used as a benchmark for more detailed numerical investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 105325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft wetting of film–substrate bilayers: Wrinkle flattening near the three-phase contact line","authors":"So Nagashima ,&nbsp;Reno Okamoto ,&nbsp;Seishiro Matsubara ,&nbsp;Dai Okumura","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft wetting is a complex phenomenon in which the capillary forces of a liquid droplet deform a soft substrate near the three-phase contact line. Recent experimental observations have demonstrated that water droplets can flatten wrinkles in nanofilm-coated elastomer substrates near the contact line. These observations provide valuable information for engineering surface properties and developing adaptive surfaces. However, the mechanisms inducing soft wetting of film–substrate bilayers remain unclear. In this study, we performed finite element simulations to investigate wrinkle flattening using a model consisting of a hyperelastic neo-Hookean substrate and a linear elastic film. The influence of film thickness, initial wrinkle geometry, surface wettability, and elastic modulus ratio between the film and substrate on the wrinkle flattening process was analyzed under plane strain conditions. Our findings suggest that wrinkle flattening becomes more pronounced as the aspect ratio (amplitude/wavelength) of the initial wrinkles increases, the surface becomes more hydrophilic, and elastic modulus ratio decreases. These findings provide insights into soft wetting phenomena in film–substrate bilayers involving previously overlooked aspects of elastocapillary interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 105324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capillary trapping in mixed-wet porous media: Implications for subsurface carbon dioxide sequestration","authors":"Saideep Pavuluri ,&nbsp;Thomas Daniel Seers ,&nbsp;Nima Shokri ,&nbsp;Nayef Alyafei ,&nbsp;Harris Sajjad Rabbani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subsurface sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) is driving efforts to attain carbon neutrality. For the safe and optimal operation of such complex applications, it is imperative to understand the physics of fluids displacement. Direct numerical simulations are used to investigate the flooding of two immiscible fluids having viscosity contrasts in mixed-wet porous media, which are ubiquitous in reservoirs characterized by multifarious mineralogizes and complex physico-chemical histories. Three mixed-wet systems having different wettability ranges and one mono-wet case are considered for investigation. Flooding by low viscosity fluid caused fingering. Though the fingering patterns vary for different wettability distributions, the sample-scale morphological metrics for all cases are closely comparable. The fingering profiles are preserved and later subjected to flooding by high viscosity fluid. Entrapment of the defending phase due to capillarity for different wettability systems are investigated. When the wettability range increases, the trapping efficiency is also seen to increase linearly, suggesting that reservoirs with strong mixed-wet conditions present an attractive option for CO₂ sequestration. Pore-scale fluid displacements reveal that during viscous fingering the fluid-fluid interface initially developed in non-wet zones retract which contribute towards cooperative pore filling in the surrounding wetting zones that influence the characteristic features of invading fluid’s flow morphology. Additionally, various possibilities by which the defending phase gets trapped by flow bypassing are explored. Trapping was prominent in zones having an affinity to the defending phase. The average trapped ganglia size increases commensurately with degree of dispersion in wettability. The study also highlights shortcomings of analyzing multiphase flows in mono-wet systems. Insights from this study can be used for improving pore network models and training machine learning algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 105307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}