International Journal of Multiphase Flow最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the spray characteristics of an internal-mixing twin-fluid nozzle in crossflow","authors":"Donggyun Nam,&nbsp;Sanghwan Park,&nbsp;Dong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the spray characteristics and droplet behaviors of an internal-mixing twin-fluid nozzle operated in a crossflow environment. Although such nozzles have significant potential for various industrial processes, particularly under crossflow conditions, the overall flow structure, particularly in the downstream region, has not been fully explored. Accordingly, the gas-to-liquid mass flow ratio (GLR) and the crossflow Reynolds number (Re_c) were varied, and the entire flow field was captured using particle image velocimetry and a shadowgraph technique. The results showed that changes in GLR and Re_c lead to significant differences in the spray characteristics and droplet behavior. Higher GLR or Re_c yields a finer but less penetrating jet core, a thinner shear layer, smaller characteristic droplet diameters, and a lower peak Reynolds shear stress, whereas a lower GLR at a given Re_c produces a coarser spray, deeper penetration, and stronger turbulence generation along the jet boundary. Mean velocity and vorticity fields, the Okubo–Weiss (OW) parameter, and the Reynolds shear stress τ were analyzed to document where strong shear and vortical motions arise in a twin-fluid spray in crossflow. The velocity field shows jet deflection and a high shear band between the maximum penetration and center lines. The vorticity field exhibits coherent regions that weaken downstream. OW highlights strain-dominated bands along the upper shear layer edge, and τ is largest near the jet boundary in the near field. Droplet statistics at the downstream trajectory location indicate that D_max decreases with increasing GLR and Re_c, while farther downstream localized coalescence-driven regrowth is observed, yielding modest increases in droplet size. These results provide compact, measurement-based maps of flow organization and droplet sizes within the measured domain. This study provides indicators of shear and vortical structures and droplet response in crossflow and, within the measured range, reports how the GLR and Re_c affect the spray characteristics of a twin-fluid nozzle. These findings may inform operating-condition selection for similar twin-fluid crossflow systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear-thinning effects on dripping-to-jetting transition and droplet size regulation in a microchannel","authors":"Chenchen Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaomiao Liu,&nbsp;Yan Pang,&nbsp;Nan Zheng,&nbsp;Siyu Zhao,&nbsp;Xiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of microdroplet-related material or device fabrication, the rheological properties of fluids constitute a critical factor influencing the applications of microdroplets. In this study, the role of shear-thinning effect in governing the motion and deformation of microdroplets are investigated based on experiments and interfacial dynamics theory. The flow pattern maps of droplet formation regimes are summarized, and compared with that of the Newtonian fluid, indicating shear-thinning fluids are more likely to form monodisperse droplets while delaying the dripping-to-jetting transition. In dripping, shear-induced reduction of the dispersed phase equivalent viscosity accelerates the neck breakup process, improving the droplet detachment efficiency. Conversely, in jetting, the dominance shifts to the dispersed phase viscous force, which determines the interface stabilization. Combined with high-speed microscopic particle image velocimetry (µPIV) technology and interfacial tracking technique, the transient velocity gradients and shear rate distributions are quantitatively analyzed. The influences of the shear-thinning behavior on interfacial rupture processes are revealed. By defining characteristic shear rates and the equivalent viscosity, an empirical expression of the scaling law for droplet size is established, providing a theoretical basis for precise microdroplet regulation. The results further enrich the microscale flow theory of complex fluids, and the revealed mechanisms help promote the application and development of shear-thinning fluids in many fields such as energy and biomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lagrangian modelling of direct mixing gas phase hetero-agglomeration in turbulent pipe flows","authors":"Victor Kolck ,&nbsp;Joscha Witte ,&nbsp;Eberhard Schmidt ,&nbsp;Harald Kruggel-Emden","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hetero-agglomeration, the functional mixing of particles of different materials, has the potential to yield novel and remarkable properties in dispersed products. As a broader process understanding for hetero-agglomeration especially in the gas phase is missing an exemplary process involving mixing, agglomeration and deposition of small particles (<span><math><mrow><mn>0.3</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>2.5</mn><mspace></mspace><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></mrow></math></span>) as part of a turbulent pipe flow was considered as part of this study and was numerically investigated. The utilized modelling employed an improved discrete random walk model for Lagrangian particle tracking and a stochastic agglomerate structure model. The obtained simulation results demonstrate a pronounced dependence on the configurations of three considered initial particle distributions (uniform, laterally offset, and radially offset) across six pipe diameters (8-13 mm). Notably, the interplay between deposition and agglomeration led to local maxima in agglomerate number and hetero-contacts. The ratio of hetero- to homo-contacts is pipe diameter-dependent, due to the combined effects of mixing and the outcome of collisions, which is influenced by the turbulent intensity and the material properties. The selection of pipe diameter and mixing configuration has a significant impact on the size and composition of hetero-agglomerates, which has to be considered when designing gas phase hetero-agglomeration processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive model for bubble size distribution in a vertical pipe","authors":"Macquet Yvan,&nbsp;Béguin Cédric,&nbsp;Etienne Stéphane","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of the MUSIG (MUltiple SIze Group) method for modeling two-fluid flows has enabled us to take into account bubble break-up and coalescence, providing a better approximation of bubble interactions and turbulence in a flow. Nonetheless, the development of this model comes with long computation times, making it complicated for industrial use. In this article, we propose a new predictive approach, which leverages the MUSIG population balance but at a much lower computational cost, through a 1D MUSIG model, to calculate bubble size distributions in pipe flow. Our approach is validated by comparing with both the full iMUSIG simulations from Liao et al. (2015) and experimental measurements. We show that it is possible to deduce a relationship between Sauter diameter and flow parameters that enhances the Euler–Euler model’s industrial applicability by accounting for bubble interactions without fully resorting to expensive multi-size-group simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trapping and coalescence of droplets in micro cross-shaped channels","authors":"Yong Lei ,&nbsp;Qing-guo Lin ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Sheng-ju Wang ,&nbsp;Wei-feng Li ,&nbsp;Hai-feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfluidic manipulation of droplet dynamics in cross-shaped channels presents significant potential for industrial applications. This study systematically investigates the droplet dynamics of oil-in-water emulsions in microfluidic cross-shaped channels, revealing a coupled mechanism of droplet capture and coalescence driven by vortex breakdown, focusing on the regulatory effects of interfacial tension reduction within the Reynolds number (<em>Re)</em> range of 50-350. The results show that three capture patterns, i.e., symmetric trapping, droplet chain capture, and axial rotation are controlled by the evolution of flow regimes. Surfactant addition significantly raises the critical <em>Re</em> for trapping onset from 90 to 120, with interfacial tension reduction enhancing trapped droplet stability. Increasing surfactant concentration significantly suppresses droplet oscillation frequency and coalescence frequency, while substantially prolonging film drainage time. In addition, based on classical film drainage models, we develop a revised coalescence model incorporating surfactant concentration dependent interfacial transport properties that limits coalescence time prediction errors to within 30 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of particle deposition during normal impact of diluted suspension droplets","authors":"Richard Tribess,&nbsp;Martin Sommerfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suspension droplet wall impacts are important for numerous technical applications, as for example spray painting in automotive industry, layering in material science, erosive surface cleaning and pharmaceutical coatings. Therefore, a numerical framework for the investigation of suspension droplet impact processes based on the coupling between the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and a Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) algorithm is implemented in OpenFOAM. A dynamic contact angle model is used to account for contact angle hysteresis effects during the impact process, with advancing, receding and equilibrium phases, coupled with a partial-slip boundary condition. Particle deposition at the substrate is modelled considering energy balances accounting for the adhesive van der Waals force acting at the particle-substrate interface. Three dimensional simulations are carried out to analyse the effects of impact conditions for the impingement of diluted water suspension droplets (diameter in the mm-range and Weber numbers in the range of 2.8 – 64.30) composed by micrometre-sized Polystyrene particles with a 0.5 % volume fraction onto a Polycarbonate substrate. The numerical results are validated by comparing the droplet’s spread factor and contact angle dynamics with own experimental data, obtaining a good agreement during the spreading phase of the impact. The influence of the droplet’s impact morphology on the particle distribution and particle-substrate interactions is discussed. A fixed impact condition test case is used to evaluate the influence of particle inertia on particle-substrate interactions by considering different particle size and density values, as well as distinct particle deposition models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete phase coupling method based on vortex core excitation in cavitation induced by vortex generators","authors":"Yifu Gong ,&nbsp;Ning Qiu ,&nbsp;Han Zhu ,&nbsp;Doubin Xun ,&nbsp;Minwei Li ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Bangxiang Che ,&nbsp;Shijie Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavitation is prevalent in various types of fluid machinery. Vortex generators, as key components governing cavitation inception and development, possess small-scale features that challenge conventional numerical methods in accurately capturing vortex-induced flow details. This paper presents a novel discrete bubble coupling numerical methodology that effectively simulates cavitation inception induced by vortex generators and captures high vapor content vortex structures at discrete bubble scales. Furthermore, this work analyzes the periodic characteristics of high vapor content vortex structures caused by the vortex generators in experiments and compares experimental findings with simulation results. The results demonstrate that high vapor content vortex structures are accompanied by the periodic shedding of cavitation clouds, and rapid cavitation inception occurs following re-entrant jet cutting off the cavitation clouds. Numerically, the key structural features of high vapor content vortex structures were captured which aligned the experimentally observed periodic variations. Simultaneously, the discrete phase bubble collapse fluctuation exhibits a time lag relative to the continuous phase vapor volume fraction fluctuation, with a phase lag of approximately 0.225 cycles, attributed to the reduced vapor volume after re-entrant jet cutting off attached cavitation clouds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of droplet growth models for non-equilibrium condensation with temperature-dependent thermophysical coupling","authors":"Yanxing Zhang,&nbsp;Baokuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-equilibrium condensation is a complex multiphase phenomenon involving vapor–liquid phase change, droplet nucleation, and growth under high-speed flow conditions. Accurate modeling of interfacial transport processes is essential for predicting droplet size distributions, liquid volume fractions, and momentum exchange between gas and liquid phases. However, conventional models typically assume a constant gas-phase specific heat capacity (<span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span>) and neglect the contribution of the liquid phase, leading to systematic errors in energy conservation and thermophysical property representation. This study presents a thermodynamically consistent condensation modeling framework that incorporates temperature-dependent <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span> values for both vapor and liquid phases. The coupling of thermophysical properties is achieved through species transport equations, enabling dynamic updates of mixture properties during simulation. The framework is used to evaluate seven representative droplet growth models under two canonical configurations: a supersonic nozzle and a turbine blade cascade. Including the temperature-dependent liquid-phase <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span> reduces the predicted outlet liquid mass fraction and droplet radius by 2.69 % and 3.59 %, respectively, mitigating the overestimation of condensation intensity in conventional approaches. Among the models, the Gyarmathy and Hill formulations exhibit the highest accuracy, yielding mean relative errors below 0.65 % for pressure and 7 % for droplet radius. In contrast, the Hertz–Knudsen model significantly overpredicts growth due to its neglect of interfacial thermal resistance. Despite microscale discrepancies, all models converge to a final liquid mass fraction of 6-7 %, indicating a balance between nucleation and growth. This framework improves thermodynamic consistency and predictive accuracy in condensation modeling, supporting energy systems where phase-change prediction is critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Averaged equations for disperse two-phase flow with interfacial properties and their closures for dilute suspension of droplets","authors":"Nicolas Fintzi ,&nbsp;Jean-Lou Pierson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article provides a derivation of the averaged equations governing the motion of dispersed two-phase flows with interfacial transport. We begin by revisiting the two-fluid formulation, as well as the distributional form of the interfacial transport equation which holds on the entire domain. Following this, a general Lagrangian model is introduced, which accounts for the effects of both internal and interfacial properties of the dispersed inclusions (bubbles, droplets, or particles) within a continuous phase. This is achieved by derivation of conservation laws for particle surface and volume-integrated properties. By summing the internal and interfacial conservation laws, we derive a conservation equation for an arbitrary Lagrangian property associated with the inclusion. We then proceed by deriving the lesser-known conservation equations for the moments of the volume and surface distribution of an arbitrary Lagrangian property. Next, the averaged equations for the dispersed phase are derived through two distinct approaches: the particle-averaged (or Lagrangian-based) formalism, and the phase-averaged method. One important conclusion of this work is the demonstration of the relationship between the particle-averaged and phase-averaged equations. We show that the dispersed phase-averaged equations can be interpreted as a series expansion of the particle-averaged moment equations. We then present a ”hybrid” set of equations, consisting of phase-averaged equations for the continuous fluid phase, complemented by an arbitrary number of moment conservation equations for the dispersed phase. To further illustrate the methodology, we derive the mass, momentum, second moment of mass and first moment of momentum equations for droplets or bubbles suspended in a Newtonian fluid. In particular, we highlight the role of the second-order moment of mass equation and first-order moment of momentum equation, which link droplet deformation to the stresslet. We then derive closure laws in the dilute, viscous-dominated regime, with particular emphasis on the effects of surface tension gradients. Additionally, we discuss several covariance closure terms that emerge in the averaged equations. Finally we demonstrate how the leading order deformation of the droplets can be obtained thanks to the second-order mass moment and first moment of momentum equation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle transport and clustering in wind turbine wake under sand-laden environment","authors":"Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Gaosheng Ma ,&nbsp;Ye Li ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential for wind farms installed in arid and semi-arid regions (like deserts and gobi) has gained increasing attention, making the study of particle transport in wind turbine wake particularly relevant. In this work, we investigate the transport and distribution of sand-grain particles with different Stokes numbers (<span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span>) in a wind turbine wake by large-eddy simulation for the gas phase and the Eulerian–Lagrangian method for the solid phase. The simulation results reveal a strong correlation between particle transport and particle inertia characterized by <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span>. As <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span> increases, the particle transport transits from a tracer-like state dominated by the flow to ballistic motions. A nonmonotonic relationship between local particle clustering and <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span> is discovered using the box-counting method. The local particle clustering is found to be strongest at <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span> = 1, which is independent of cell box size. A threshold for the clustering of particles in the turbine wake is proposed based on flow parameters and Voronoï cell area. Furthermore, we found that gravity enhances clustering for low-inertia particles, while weakening it for high-inertia particles, and it reduces particle clustering in straining regions. This study is expected to provide essential insights for the evaluation and prediction of sand-grain particle transport in wind turbine wake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 105411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}