Sports Medicine and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"Molecular vehicles for therapeutic delivery of lactate in exercise and medicine","authors":"George A. Brooks","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Once thought of as a dead-end metabolite, the product of anaerobic, oxygen-limited metabolism, we now know that lactate is produced under fully oxygenated conditions, such as after consuming dietary carbohydrate and during physical exercise. Via shuttling mechanisms lactate is a preferred fuel energy source for red skeletal muscle, heart and brain. Consequently, lactate is being recognized as a major means of delivering non-insulin dependent carbohydrate-derived carbon around the body. Such recognition has led to consideration of developing enteral and parenteral means of lactate delivery. Enteral lactate delivery can be accomplished by providing fermented foods or high-glycemic index carbohydrates. Parenteral, intravenous (iv) lactate delivery can be accomplished by use of inorganic salts, such as sodium-L-lactate and other electrolyte mixtures appropriate for iv delivery. Enteral lactate delivery has been accomplished by using organic carriers that bind by electrostatic charge to zwitter ion amino acids. As well, it's possible to deliver lactate covalently bound to amino acids such as phenylalanine or glycerol. Some lactate-containing compounds such as LACTEM, sodium- and arginyl-lactate are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use in food, but other lactate-containing compounds are of unknown bioavailability and will need to pass FDA scrutiny. Enteral use of arginyl-lactate has been shown to be effective for improving performance of endurance athletes, and iv sodium-L-lactate for treatment of traumatic brain injury has reached Stage 2 clinical trials. Scientific background and possibilities of using lactate-containing compounds to achieve better outcomes by athletes or in illnesses and injuries is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 240-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic response to high intensity functional training versus rowing-based high intensity interval training","authors":"Todd A. Astorino,&nbsp;Madison Mower,&nbsp;Armando Flores,&nbsp;Marissa Flannery","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compared the cardiometabolic response between rowing high intensity interval training (HIIT) and high intensity functional training (HIFT). Twenty two adults (age and <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mi>max</mi></mrow></math></span> ​= ​[25 ​± ​7] yr and [40 ​± ​9] mL/kg/min) underwent incremental exercise on a rowing ergometer to assess <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mi>max</mi></mrow></math></span> and peak power output (PPO). Subsequently, they underwent rowing HIIT (six 1 minutes [min] efforts at 85% PPO with 75 seconds [s] recovery) or HIFT (six 1 ​min efforts including pushups, jump squats, mountain climbers, and air squats with 75 ​s recovery). Gas exchange data, heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were acquired during exercise and post-exercise. These regimens elicited 92%–96% HRmax, with higher peak HR ([174 ​± ​14] b/min vs. [167 ​± ​15] b/min, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.002) and time spent ≥ 85% HRmax ([6.1 ​± ​2.2] min vs. [5.0 ​± ​2.8] min, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.03) for HIFT versus rowing HIIT. Results showed similar peak <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> between HIFT and HIIT ([81 ​± ​9] vs. [82 ​± ​8] <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mi>max</mi></mrow></math></span>, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.72), yet lower mean <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> ([1.73 ​± ​0.38] L/min vs. [1.93 ​± ​0.50] L/min, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). Mean and peak ventilation (<span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mi>E</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) was significantly higher (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05) with HIFT ([62 ​± ​13] L/min and [84 ​± ​18] L/min vs. [53 ​± ​15] L/min and [73 ​± ​19] L/min). BLa was significantly higher with HIFT versus rowing HIIT (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001) and was elevated 15 ​min post-exercise ([7.0 ​± ​3.0] mM vs. [3.5 ​± ​1.1] mM). In healthy, active adults, HIFT elicits vigorous intensities similar to traditional HIIT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 311-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective responses during low-volume high-intensity interval exercise in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review","authors":"Ruohan Zhang,&nbsp;Adam A. Malik,&nbsp;Hairul A. Hashim","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is a global public health challenge, and physical exercise, as a means of increasing energy expenditure, plays a crucial role in its management and reduction. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is gaining popularity as an effective approach for improving physical health. However, its high intensity has been linked to negative emotional and affective responses among adults with excess body weight or adiposity. In this context, low-volume high intensity interval exercise (Lv-HIIE) emerges as a promising alternative to conventional HIIE. Despite its potential benefits, the literature on affective responses to Lv-HIIE in adults with excess body weight or affected by obesity remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024514591) evaluated the affective responses of Lv-HIIE among adults living with excessive weight or obesity. We compared emotional and affective response indicators before, during and after HIIE, moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and Lv-HIIE. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane recommendations, with data obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>20 studies involving 472 participants met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of (30.44 ​± ​6.93) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of (30.26 ​± ​4.16) kg·m⁻². The gender distribution comprised 288 females and 184 males, resulting in a female-to-male ratio of approximately 1.57. The findings indicate that adults with excess body weight or obesity exhibit more positive affective responses to HIIE compared to MICE following exercise. Although HIIE may require greater effort, participants reported greater enjoyment and pleasurable post-exercise than following MICE. Compared to traditional HIIE, Lv-HIIE has a shorter exercise duration, less frequent sessions and a potentially lower overall exercise volume.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These improvements reduce exertion during the exercise, fostering enhanced pleasure and enjoyment afterward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 247-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the administration type for normobaric hypoxia on the maximal aerobic capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sergio Pérez-Regalado ,&nbsp;Cristina Benavente ,&nbsp;Filipa Almeida ,&nbsp;Belén Feriche","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Normobaric hypoxia (NH) is a frequent strategy for training under hypoxic conditions that can be administered through different equipment, including face masks or hypoxic chambers/tents. Nonetheless, the versatility of administration methods may influence the outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and PubMed/MEDLINE were searched to identify studies assessing the effect of NH administered by face mask or chamber/tent equipment on maximal oxygen uptake (<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O2max) after a training period. An overall meta-analysis and sub-analysis of total program session volume (low, moderate, high), participants’ training level (trained, active, sedentary), and the severity of hypoxia (moderate, severe) were conducted to explore the effects of the NH-administration system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen studies were included. Compared with normoxia, NH showed a moderate global improvement in <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O2max (standardized mean difference [<em>SMD</em>] ​= ​0.74; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.06), favoring the chamber/tent (<em>SMD ​=</em> ​1.30; <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.01) over the face mask. Sub-analysis showed a very large effect in support of the hypoxic chamber/tent among sedentary individuals and training programs with a high volume of sessions. Severe hypoxia did not yield conclusive findings in <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>O2max improvements, although the chamber/tent proved more effective (<em>SMD ​=</em> ​1.42; <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.01) than the face mask under moderate hypoxia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Chambers/tents may slightly accentuate the benefit of NH on aerobic performance, particularly in participants with limited training experience following a high volume of sessions under moderate hypoxia. However, the variability of sub-analysis factors (session volume, participants' training level, and methodological approaches) between studies using each type of hypoxia-generating equipment may influence this result.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of maximal strength, muscle morphology, and motor unit recruitment and firing rate patterns of the abductor digiti minimi in normal-fat and over-fat males","authors":"Lyric D. Richardson ,&nbsp;Alex A. Olmos ,&nbsp;Allen L. Redinger ,&nbsp;Stephanie A. Sontag ,&nbsp;Sunggun Jeon ,&nbsp;Brenden L. Roth ,&nbsp;Emma G. High ,&nbsp;Breanne S. Baker ,&nbsp;Jerome Hauselle ,&nbsp;Michael A. Trevino","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study examined potential differences in strength, muscle morphology, and motor unit (MU) behavior of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) between normal-fat (NF) and over-fat (OF) males.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed percent body fat (%BF). Ultrasonography determined muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), echo intensity (EI), and subcutaneous fat (sFAT). MU behavior was assessed during isometric muscle actions at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) by analyzing the <em>y</em>-intercepts and slopes for the MU action potential amplitude (MUAP_AMP) vs. recruitment threshold (RT) relationships, the <em>A</em> and <em>B</em> terms for the mean firing rate (MFR) vs. RT relationships, and normalized electromyographic amplitude (N-EMG_RMS). MU firing times and waveforms were validated with reconstruct-and-test and spike trigger average procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>%BF was greater for OF (25.70% ​± ​5.40%) than NF (16.50% ​± ​2.20%; <em>p &lt;</em> 0.001). MVC was greater for NF (27.13 ​± ​7.16) N than OF ([19.89 ​± ​4.96] N; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.014). CSA was greater for NF (2.48 ​± ​0.39) cm² than OF ([1.95 ​± ​0.47] cm²; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.011). The <em>y-</em>intercepts for the MUAP_AMP vs. RT relationships were greater for NF (0.283 ​± ​0.254) mV than OF ([-0.221 ​± ​0.659] mV; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.004). The <em>B</em> terms for the MFR vs. RT relationships were greater for NF (−0.024 ​± ​0.003) pps/%MVC than OF ([-0.031 ​± ​0.009] pps/%MVC; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.038). N-EMG_RMS was similar between groups (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.463).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Maximal strength, muscle size, and MU recruitment and firing rate patterns for a non-weight bearing muscle differed between normal-fat and over-fat males.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147291115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise affects salivary biomarkers of creatine metabolism in healthy adults","authors":"Bogdan Andjelic ,&nbsp;Tijana Lainovic ,&nbsp;Nikola Todorovic ,&nbsp;Jovana Panic ,&nbsp;Milan Vranes ,&nbsp;Valdemar Stajer ,&nbsp;Sergej M. Ostojic","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre- and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-to-exhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults (mean age [23.9 ​± ​2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from (17.5 ​± ​14.2) μmol·L⁻¹ to (43.6 ​± ​30.4) μmol·L⁻¹ (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from (11.3 ​± ​5.8) μmol·L⁻¹ to (17.0 ​± ​9.3) μmol·L⁻¹ (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise (from [81.8 ​± ​17.5] μmol·L⁻¹ to [73.1 ​± ​11.6] μmol·L⁻¹; <em>p</em> ​= ​0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines (saliva <em>vs.</em> serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.01) and creatinine (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of nutrition on long COVID","authors":"Subramanian Thangaleela,&nbsp;Chin-Kun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long COVID is characterized by a group of persistent symptoms following the acute SARS-COV2 infection, which presented a multifaceted challenge to the healthcare systems all over the globe. The long COVID symptoms span various organ systems including the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological manifestations. Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune dysregulation play crucial roles in the long COVID pathophysiology. Recently nutritional intervention gained much attention in managing post-viral syndromes. Effective interventions like supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid, macro and micro nutrients, and vitamins help to reduce systemic inflammation and counteract muscle wasting. Other approaches like nutritional recovery, dietetic interventions, continuous nutritional care post-hospital discharge, nutritional rehabilitation programs, whole-diet approaches like Mediterranean diet, plant-based diet, and caloric optimization, improve overall functional recovery. Physical activity and exercise regimes have been shown to improve fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive function. Tailored exercise regimes may promote safe rehabilitation. Certain ineffective interventions, such as non-personalized approaches, high dose of antioxidants, use of herbal products that are not clinically validated need to be addressed. Dietary interventions such as personalized nutritional counseling have been demonstrated to improve physical performance in long COVID patients. Further research is needed to refine protocols and identify optimal combinations of dietary and movement-based therapies to support the recovery of long-COVID patients. This narrative review focuses on the ongoing researches that reveals the intricate relationship between nutrition and long COVID recovery and also establishes effective protocols for nutritional care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 128-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of medium-frequency electrical energy transfer (TECAR) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain and flexibility in athletes with an acute hamstring injury: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Anna Kelli ,&nbsp;Thomas Apostolou ,&nbsp;Paris Iakovidis ,&nbsp;Georgios Koutras ,&nbsp;Eleftherios Kellis","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compared the acute effects of electrical energy transfer (TECAR) and transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) on pain and flexibility after a hamstring injury. Young athletes received either a 20 ​min TECAR (<em>n</em> = ​24) or TENS (<em>n</em> ​= ​26) session within 5 days following a hamstring injury, while the control (CON, <em>n</em> ​= ​25) group was instructed to rest. Visual analogue scale (VAS), functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries (FASH), straight leg raise test (SLR), and sit-and-reach scores (STR) were obtained prior to, immediately, 24, and 48 ​h after therapy. Group differences were detected after therapy in VAS and FASH scores (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Compared to pre-therapy measurements, VAS scores showed a greater decrease in the TECAR group (−38.75% to −63.33%) than in the TENS group (−16.67% to −25.00%) and both were greater than in the CON group (−2.81% to −9.81%) (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). The TECAR group improved FASH scores (28.57%–48.21%) more than the TENS group (15.89%–27.79%) and both groups more than the CON group (0%–8.33%) (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). The increase in SLR and STR was greater in the TECAR group (6.26%–13.96%) than in the TENS (1.72%–9.53%) and CON groups (0%–3.03%). These results suggest that in the acute phase of hamstring injury, the use of TECAR and, to a lesser extent, TENS may relieve pain symptoms and bring some improvements in flexibility more than instructing patients to rest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 210-218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of exercise against anxiety disorder: A review of the research progress","authors":"Zhengyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Yuan Qian ,&nbsp;Shuya Sun ,&nbsp;Haochen Qin ,&nbsp;Yulian Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiayin Tang ,&nbsp;Shuo Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review aims to explore the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders and its underlying mechanisms, summarizing recent research advances and focusing on the potential biological and psychological pathways through which exercise exerts its anxiolytic effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant studies, we conducted a systematic search in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, combining MeSH terms with free-text terms. Keywords included “exercise,” “physical activity,” and “anxiety disorder.”</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Current research widely supports exercise as a safe and effective intervention for anxiety. Both aerobic exercise and resistance training have shown significant anxiety-reducing effects across various populations. The mechanisms of action can be categorized into three main types: cellular and molecular mechanisms, systemic immune effects, and behavioral and cognitive pathways. Different forms of exercise have distinct advantages: aerobic exercise is suitable for the general population, resistance training is beneficial for individuals with coexisting physical conditions, and low-intensity exercises such as yoga and Tai Chi are suitable for pregnant women, the elderly, or postoperative recovery patients. Given its good safety profile and broad applicability, moderate exercise should be considered a first-line treatment for mild anxiety and an adjunctive intervention for moderate to severe anxiety. Future research should further clarify the mechanistic differences between various exercise modalities and promote the development of individualized exercise prescriptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of exercise rehabilitation on bone mineral density, muscle strength, and physical function outcomes in ACL ruptures: A randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Ruilan Dai ,&nbsp;Yunan Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Shuang Ren ,&nbsp;Xi Gong ,&nbsp;Yingfang Ao","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose is to explore the effects of Exercise rehabilitation (ER) on bone mineral density (BMD) of the knee, muscle strength (MS), and physical function (PF) after ACL rupture. Finally, A total of 58 patients were randomized into 2 groups (Control Group [CON]: conventional treatment, male ​= ​16, female ​= ​13, age ​= ​[31.63 ​± ​8.01] years; Exercise rehabilitation group [ER]: 6-week ER on CON basis, male ​= ​17, female ​= ​12, age ​= ​[31.26 ​± ​7.07] years). At baseline and 6 weeks, the knee BMD was measured using DEXA, MS and PF measures were recorded by isokinetic strength test, IKDC, Lysholm, and VAS score. T-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons. The BMD outcomes: after a 6-week period, the BMD of the CON ([1.47 ​± ​0.24] g·cm⁻²) was significantly lower than that of the ER ([1.65 ​± ​0.37] g·cm⁻²) at lateral condyle of femur (LCF) (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.041). MS outcomes: at 6 weeks, the relative peak torque (RPT) of the quadriceps and hamstrings during concentric contractions in ER group were significantly higher than that in CON group (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.017). Similarly, during eccentric contractions in ER group, the RPT of the quadriceps and the H/Q ratio revealed significant variations from the CON group (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.033, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.043). PF outcomes: the IKDC, Lysholm, and VAS scores of the ER group were significantly improved compared to the CON group (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.002). The conclusion is that 6 weeks of ER intervention for patients with ACL rupture can effectively delay the decline of BMD in the LCF of the knee joint, and enhance the restoration of MS and PF. This provides guidance for clinical rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}