SRPN: Developing World (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Socio-Economic Profile of the Low Income and Poor Communities in Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia.","authors":"W. Murad, M. Hasan, S. Islam, Md. Mahmudul Alam","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/p5jgr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/p5jgr","url":null,"abstract":"It seems to have been apparent in developing nations that economic growth and urbanization are always interrelated. Malaysia's rapid economic growth has also resulted in a considerable growth of urbanization. As gleaned from the other side of the coin, the process of such urbanization had twisted numerous negative impacts on the socioeconomic aspects of the urban low income and poor communities living in the low-cost flats and squatters. One of the major impacts of Malaysia's rapid urbanization is the transformation in the socio-economic profile of the urban low income and poor communities. This paper aims to determine and analyze the socio-economic indicators affecting the profile of the urban low income and poor communities residing in the squatters and low-cost flats of Kuala Lumpur city, Malaysia. To pursue the objective, the study has conducted a field survey, collected primary data from the level of living conditions of the urban low income and poor households and has employed some statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the chi-square test. The empirical findings of this study appeared to have important policy implications and are expected to enable the respective policy and decision makers in their effort to alleviate urban poverty","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116242403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Natural Disasters: Responding to the Philippines’ Haiyan Tragedy","authors":"K. Ratha, S. Mahapatra","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2430689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2430689","url":null,"abstract":"The powerful typhoon Haiyan that swept across the Philippines is one of the strongest storms ever to make landfall, cut a path of destruction through several central islands, causing scores of people dead. The disaster's full impact is still revealing as the entire country has been caught in a state of shock and desperation. The devastation is really horrific with human tragedy. Responding to the disaster of such magnitude calls for both national and international hands to come forward for the affected people.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130593517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Re-Tender, or Not to Re-Tender; That is the Question: Potential Litigation by Incumbent Contractors as the New 'First Come, Only Serve' Method of Awarding Public Contracts in India","authors":"Sandeep Verma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2430059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2430059","url":null,"abstract":"This short academic paper explores the rapidly changing legal position in India on contract extension to an incumbent contractor in an existing government contract, vis-a-vis the exercise of competing options by public contracting officials in terms of open re-bidding with or without a price preference or a right of first refusal to incumbent contractors.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121525217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","authors":"K. Muralidharan, Paul Niehaus, Sandip Sukhtankar","doi":"10.1257/AER.20141346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.20141346","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-poverty programs in developing countries are often dicult to implement; in particular, many governments lack the capacity to deliver payments securely to targeted beneciaries. We evaluate the impact of biometrically-authenticated payments infrastructure (Smartcards\") on beneciaries of employment (NREGS) and pension (SSP) programs in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, using a large-scale experiment that randomized the rollout of Smartcards over 158 subdistricts and 19 million people. We nd that, while incompletely implemented, the new system delivered a faster, more predictable, and less corrupt NREGS payments process without adversely aecting program access. For each of these outcomes, treatment group distributions rst-order stochastically dominated those of the control group. The investment was cost-eective, as time savings to NREGS beneciaries alone were equal to the cost of the intervention, and there was also a signicant reduction in the leakage\" of funds between the government and beneciaries in both NREGS and SSP programs. Beneciaries overwhelmingly preferred the new system for both programs. Overall, our results suggest that investing in secure payments infrastructure can signicantly enhance state capacity\" to implement welfare programs in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124963067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation in Indian SMEs: Differentiating Innovators versus Non-Innovators","authors":"Nomita Sharma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2398002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2398002","url":null,"abstract":"Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are an important source of entrepreneurship and innovation. These enterprises contribute to economy by providing employment to large number of people and also significantly to growth and GDP of an economy. Knowledge has become important factor of success and has replaced old factors like labor and capital. In order to survive in the globalized market, small and medium enterprises use knowledge to innovate. But there are some small and medium enterprises in India that remain non-innovative. Non-innovative small and medium enterprises are not able to recognize business environmental factors. As a result of which they fail to survive and eventually perish. The present study focuses on identifying innovative and non-innovative small and medium enterprises in India. To be more specific, following research issues have been examined: How are innovative SMEs differ from non-innovative SMEs in India? What different types of innovation are adopted by SMEs? The study is an attempt to seek answer to these questions. Extensive literature review includes the concept of innovation, innovation process, management of innovation. Different government, private associations are approached for data collection. The study is conducted on four sectors: Automotive Component, Textile (Garment manufacturing), Pharmaceutical and Information Technology. The result shows that innovative small and medium enterprises differ from non-innovative enterprises on many accounts like innovations and resources availability. The innovative small and medium enterprises are involved in the improvements depending on the nature of sector, product, cost and demand of that product in the market. And the non-innovative enterprises ones fail to recognize challenges and thus perish.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126241674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Factor Productivity Benchmarking in Incentive Regulation: Evidence from Czech Gas Utilities and Implications for Post-Communist Countries","authors":"O. Machek, Jiří Hnilica","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2376137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2376137","url":null,"abstract":"Incentive regulation and regulatory benchmarking are becoming frequently used tools in tariff regulation of public utilities, including natural gas distribution companies. Firstly, we dealt with the principles of incentive regulation and total factor productivity measurement. Then, we discussed the international experience with TFP benchmarking and possible weaknesses of the TFP approach and sources of errors and misinterpretation of results. Further, we determined the productivity development of the Czech regional gas distribution companies in the period 2001-2011 using Fisher index and partial factor productivity analysis. Finally, we summarise the assumptions and measures which should be taken in order to apply TFP benchmarking in practice. We do not recommend using TFP-based tariff setting in the Czech Republic, nor in other post-communist countries. In particular, we argue that the events which took place in the period under consideration resulted in a distortion of available data which disallow their efficient use in tariff regulation at the present time and in the near future. We suggest using the TFP approach rather as an underlying method for further analysis and tariff setting.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133315743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"원조예측성 강화를 위한 Oda 예산제도 연구: 호주사례를 중심으로 (A Study on Aid Predictability: Focusing on Multi-Year Rolling Planning and Budgeting Framework)","authors":"Yul Kwon, Juyoung Lee","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2447528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2447528","url":null,"abstract":"Korean Abstract: 2011년 제4차 부산세계개발원조총회(HLF 4)에서 모든 협력 대상국가에 대한 3~5년의 중기 연동지원계획(rolling plan)을 2013년까지 제공하기로 하고, 원조예산의 수립절차와 집행계획을 개혁하여 원조의 예측가능성을 높이는 데 국제적인 합의를 도출한 바 있다. 특히 한국은 부산 글로벌 파트너십의 집행위원회에 공여국 대표로 선출되어 부산총회 합의사항 이행을 위한 방안 및 이행계획 수립에 적극적으로 참여하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 다른 OECD 개발원조위원회 회원국들이 중기 원조예산을 어떻게 수립하고 이행하는지 비교ㆍ분석하고, 호주의 원조정책을 주요 사례로 ODA 예산절차, 예측성 강화방안을 어떻게 마련하고 있는지를 조사하였다. 이를 통해 한국의 중기 원조예측성 향상 방안에 대한 정책과제와 시사점을 얻고자 다른 주요 선진공여국의 원조예산 및 계획의 운용 메커니즘을 검토하여 원조예산의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 종합적으로 분석하였다. English Abstract: At the Fourth High Level Forum held in Busan in 2011, OECD Development Assistance Committee(DAC) member countries pledged to ensure that by 2013, they would provide partner countries with rolling three- to five-year indicative forward expenditures and/or implementation plans. Also, they made an agreement to enhance aid predictability by reforming the process of establishing and implementing the aid budget. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies reviewed the donor countries’ ODA budget systems and its operation mechanism to find the way to promote the effective use of the aid budget. This study examines how donor countries establish and implement multi-year aid budgets and applies the results to the Korean ODA budget system in order to improve mid-term aid predictability. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, several DAC members have made efforts to improve mid-term aid predictability by linking the forward strategic spending plans with their ODA budget process. Mokoro Ltd.(2011) has categorized aid planning and budgeting systems of OECD DAC member countries into three types; agency-wide rolling multi-annual programme, agency-wide cliff-edge multi-annual programme, and no agency-wide multi-annual programming with country-level multi-annual programming. Second, the Australian budget system, adopting no agency-wide multi-annual programming with country-level multi-annual programming, is selected as a good example that can be applied to the Korean system. Australia has been reforming its ODA policies since 2010. In order to increase aid effectiveness and predictability, Australia adopted the rolling four-year budget plan, aid budget system by program, and performance evaluation system on achievements of policy objectives. Third, Korea, however, does not present the explicit budget plan in the process of establishing Country Partnership Strategy(CPS). Thus, it is difficult to improve the effectiveness of mid-term plans as well as aid predictability. Moreover, Korea lacks a performance management system that enables reasonable distribution of the ODA budget by gathering feedback on performances of previous projects. The results from this study provide some policy recommendations as follows. First, Korea needs to develop a performance management system for ODA to utilize the feedback on previous performances as the standard of establishing and distributing the aid budget. Second, Korea should improve the budget structure to intr","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132904534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Fiscal Discipline in Public Finance Management in Developing Countries","authors":"Golib Kholjigitov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2368123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2368123","url":null,"abstract":"Public financial management plays key role in is very important for developing, transitional and poor countries for several reasons. First, these countries need large financial resources to finance the growth, physical infrastructure, social and other public services. Secondly, limited resources require public finance management system to be efficient, disciplined, transparent, independent and accountable. Finally, public finance system holds together the whole system of government agencies with their programs and objectives which are usually tied to the economic development strategy of the country; therefore its failure may lead to the failure of the whole system and thus spark social tensions and upheavals.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114197510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Right to Food and Endogenous Growth: The Indian Case and Comparative Analysis","authors":"P. Rawat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2532303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2532303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to explain how ‘Right to Food’ is fundamental to the growth of the Indian economy. Section 1 uses the capabilities approach to show how the other rights (Work, Education and Information) supplement the Right to Food. It provides domestic evidence to show that these rights have a positive effect on human capital. Section 2 seeks to illustrate how human capital enhances long run endogenous growth both in theory (Lucas 1988) and in practice (the Asian Tigers). It also emphasizes the need for participatory growth that has largely eluded India. Section 3 provides domestic evidence to show that political will and legislation can drastically change the scenario for food security. It contrasts the success story of Chhattisgarh with reference to a well performing PDS (Tamil Nadu) and that of a languishing PDS (Bihar). Section 4 comments on the Food Security Bill (2013) and discusses the extent to which it represents a true ‘Right to Food’. It concludes that while sustainable growth has eluded India, there is scope for achieving it, if the rights based policies are implemented effectively.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130433189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bushes and Bullets: Illegal Cocaine Markets and Violence in Colombia","authors":"Daniel Mejía, P. Restrepo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2353979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2353979","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new identification strategy to estimate the causal impact of illicit drug markets on violence using a panel of Colombian municipalities covering the period 1994-2008. Using a UNODC survey of Colombian rural households involved in coca cultivation, we estimate the determinants of land suitability for coca cultivation. With these results we create a suitability index that depends on the altitude, erosion, soil aptitude, and precipitation of a municipality. Our exogenous suitability index predicts the presence of coca crops cross sectionally and its expansion between 1994-2000. We show that following an increase in the demand for Colombian cocaine, coca cultivation increases disproportionately in municipalities with a high suitability index. This provides an exogenous source of variation in the extent of coca cultivation within municipalities that we use as an instrument to uncover the causal effect of illegal cocaine markets on violence. We find that a 10% increase in the value of coca cultivation in a municipality increases homicides by about 1.25%, forced displacement by about 3%, attacks by insurgent groups by about 2%, and incidents involving the explosion of land mines by about 1%. Our evidence is consistent with the view suggesting that prohibition creates rents for suppliers in illegal markets, and these rents cause violence as different armed groups fight each other, the government and the civil population for their control and extraction.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129890857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}