SRPN: Developing World (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Women's Empowerment in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Two NGOs","authors":"M. Islam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2502890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2502890","url":null,"abstract":"Empowerment of women is a holistic concept. It is a multi-dimensional approach and it covers social, political, and economic aspects. This paper used questionnaires and focus group discussions to shed light on the question if non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increased women’s empowerment in Bangladesh. Looking at two study areas and two NGOs (the Friends in Village Development Bangladesh (FIVDB) and Nari Uddug Kendra (NUK)), the results of the case study show that these two NGOs have helped women with economic empowerment, but that progress with women’s overall empowerment has been limited.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129616662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Production Performance on Small Farm Holdings: Some Empirical Evidences from Bihar, India","authors":"R. Singh, Abhay Kumar, Krishna M. Singh, Anjani Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2502488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2502488","url":null,"abstract":"Immediately after the green revolution period, there was an intense debate on the observed inverse relationship between farm size and per hectare agricultural productivity in India. It was subsequently argued that the higher productivity of small holdings would disappear with the adoption of superior technology, modernisation and growth in general. Recently, National Sample Survey data show that small holdings in Indian agriculture still exhibit a higher productivity than large holdings. This article contributes to the limited literature on farm size and productivity in small land holder's agriculture in Bihar, India. Plot wise panel data of VDSA project are used to reach at precise conclusion. The results provide evidence for a positive relationship between farm size and productivity in case of small land holders’ agriculture and hence, an inverse relationship does not seem to apply within small landholders’ agriculture. A strong positive relationship between farm size and output per hectare is a result of higher use of fertilizer, modern seeds and irrigation sources on comparatively larger land holders than small land holders in Bihar, India. It is mainly due to more uneconomic land holdings of sub-marginal and marginal farmers to have limited access to water resources, quality input and credit. Access to resources and technology must be considered together for any agricultural development programmes for small land holder's agriculture. It is therefore needed to look for ways of improving their access to resources for farming through increased opportunities for earning off farms and off season income or through improved credit market. Hence, small size and land fragmentation are key bottlenecks for the growth of agriculture in Bihar, India. The crop productivity of tiny landholders can be increased through improving their access to institutional financing system, agricultural extension network and farm technology centres. However, promotion of non-farm rural employment seems to be the most appropriate option for increasing crop productivity and improving livelihoods of small landholders in Bihar.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126578691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Sector and Privatisation in Russia in 2013","authors":"A. Radygin, Georgy Malginov","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2497025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2497025","url":null,"abstract":"The core events which took place last year and which are related to the issues under consideration are the approval of a new three year privatisation programme for 2014–2016, including corporate control of market transactions associated with Rosneft and Gazprom, as well as the restructuring of the space industry, which is similar to that performed in relation to the aerospace and ship building industries.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125085703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quake'n and Shake'n... Forever! Long-Run Effects of Natural Disasters: A Case Study on the 1970 Ancash Earthquake","authors":"G. Caruso, Sebastián Miller","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2559638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2559638","url":null,"abstract":"This study estimates the effects of the 1970 Ancash earthquake on human capital accumulation on the affected and subsequent generation, 37 years after the shock, using the Peruvian censuses of 1993 and 2007. The main finding is that males affected by the earthquake in utero completed on average 0. 5 years less schooling while females affected by the earthquake completed 0. 8 years less schooling. Surprisingly, those whose mothers were affected at birth by the earthquake have 0. 4 less years of education, while those whose fathers were affected by the earthquake at birth have no effects on their education. The evaluation of other outcomes also suggests that the level of welfare of the affected individuals has been negatively impacted in the long run. The present investigation supports previous literature on shocks in early childhood, providing evidence of the existence of intergenerational transmission of shocks.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114924647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Innovation on Employment in Low-Income Countries: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review","authors":"M. Ugur, A. Mitra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2489468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2489468","url":null,"abstract":"We conduct a meta-analysis of the effect-size estimates from 9 empirical studies and a narrative synthesis of the qualitative evidence from 53 qualitative studies on the relationship between innovation and employment in low-income countries (LICs). The meta-analysis reveals a positive but small effect, with evident bias in favour of skilled-labour employment. Both meta-analysis and narrative synthesis findings indicate that innovation’s effects on employment in LICs tend to be larger when: (i) the evidence is related to manufacturing as opposed to agriculture; (ii) the analysis is at the firm level as opposed to sector level; and (iii) the evidence relates to South Asian countries as opposed to other world regions. Further findings from the narrative synthesis of the qualitative evidence indicate that the positive effect of innovation on employment is likely to be augmented by strong forward and backward linkages; but the adverse effects are likely to be exacerbated by capital-intensity of imports and weaknesses in governance and labour-market institutions.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114861918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third World Countries’ Marginal Position in the Contemporary Global Economy: An Assessment","authors":"Caleb Ayuba, B. Bakut","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2484687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2484687","url":null,"abstract":"It is ironic that today as in the past, despite the process of a globalizing world order; the Third World economies have remained marginalized from active participation in the benefits of growth and sustainable development. This paper aims at assessing why and how the countries of the South have remained marginal actors in the world economic system despite their efforts to arrest the trend. The article is driven by the need for a sustained normative and pragmatic representation of existing paradigmatic discourses within the field of political economy. To achieve this objective, the article leaned heavily on the content analysis of available literary materials in both the humanities and the Social sciences, linking the discourse to the failure of the countries of the South to emancipate their economies from marginalization in the global economy. The paper argues that, given the countries of the South’s massive fertile landmass, they could maximize the potentials at their disposal by perfecting the practices in the agricultural industry through which they would develop vibrant value chains of locally produced products thereby entrenching their economies as indispensable actors in the global economy.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133624891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missing Out on Tourism Potential in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Abdin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2465757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2465757","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Travel and Tourism Council Annual Economic Impact Report-2014, the total contribution of the travel and tourism sector to Bangladesh's gross domestic product (GDP) was US$ 5.9 billion or 4.4 per cent of the GDP in 2013. The sector employed 2.846 million people, 3.8 per cent of the total employment. In India, the total contribution of the travel and tourism was US$ 113.2 billion or 6.2 per cent of the total GDP of the country in 2013. The sector employed 35.439 million people, 7.7 per cent of the total employment. From the statistics it is quite clear that the tourism sector in India is contributing more than that in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has almost similar historical background, cultural heritage, infrastructure facilities and tourist attractions as is in India. But we are making less contribution. Critics will argue that it is not correct that Bangladesh has same types of tourist attraction as India has. Because we know that India has incredibly diversified natural beauty, historic establishments with hundreds of royal palaces, hill stations, beaches, hill ranges, sandy deserts, the Arabian Sea etc. But we can compare some Indian tourist attractions with those in Bangladesh in terms of their facilities, maintenance and revenue generation. The Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest in the world, is a big tourist attraction. It is located in the south-western part of Bangladesh with a part of it in India. It has diverse resources, including its flora, fauna and aqua fauna, in addition to the traditional forest products like timber, firewood, pulpwood honey, bee-wax, fish, crustacean and mollusc. We could learn how the Indian part of the Sundarbans was being managed by our counterparts.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129575187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Singapore's Experience in SOEs Reform: Lesson Learned for Indonesia's Privatization","authors":"Dwi Bhakti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2464445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2464445","url":null,"abstract":"Privatization has been perceived as a tool for restructuring State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and the engine for an export earnings and economy growth. The two effects of privatization is cope with highly industrialization and economic efficiency for more than two decades. It started in Chile and British economy, and abruptly the jargon has spread across the world and penetrated for both countries, most notably developed and developing countries. However, privatization has pros and cons associated with its affects to debt burden and economic downturn in countries of South East Asia and South America during 1980’s and 1990’s. In some countries, privatization was a really important for easing twin-deficit – fiscal and current account deficit, while other countries with the absence of privatization has led a better economy growth. Singapore has successfully reformed the enterprises over the two last decades. Singapore’s success story with regard to SOEs reform seems to be a best-practice for Indonesian privatization framework.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124688875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of High-Speed Train Introduction on Consumer Welfare","authors":"Jisun Baek","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2543419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2543419","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of introducing high-speed trains on consumer welfare using South Korean transportation industry data. The model treats the rail company’s choice of train schedules as endogenous in order to take the firm’s choices of product line into account. I estimate a model of the demand for travel that incorporates consumers’ heterogeneous preferences over travel schedules into an otherwise standard discrete choice model. My results show that consumers are affected differentially by both the introduction of high-speed trains and the ensuing changes in train schedules. The welfare implications for consumers depend on the availability of high-speed trains in their choice set. Consumers who travel between two cities that are connected by high-speed trains are the main beneficiaries of the new service. However, reductions in schedule frequencies of non-high-speed trains operating along high-speed rail lines, generate losses that offset 50% of gains even for these consumers. Travelers on these lines who are not served by high-speed trains only experience substantial losses due to reduced schedule frequencies. Consumers who travel between two cities that are not located along high-speed rail lines gain from increased train frequencies, and the gains make up for the losses in other markets without high-speed trains. These results highlight the importance of accounting for changes in existing products when analyzing the impact of new product entry on consumers.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"19 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131613806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Healthcare and Health Insurance Retention: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in the Kolkata Slums","authors":"Clara Delavallade","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2483991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2483991","url":null,"abstract":"Health care in developing countries is often unreliable and of poor quality, reducing incentives to use quality health services. Using data from a field experiment in India, I show that providing initial quality care improves the demand for quality health care by raising intended health insurance renewal and subsequent use of quality services. Randomly offering insurance policyholders a free consultation with a qualified doctor has a twofold effect: receiving this additional benefit raises willingness to pay to renew health insurance by 56 percent, exposed individuals are 11 percentage points more likely to consult a qualified practitioner when ill after the consultation.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130892306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}