SRPN: Developing World (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Natural Resources, Volatility, and Inclusive Growth: Perspectives from the Middle East and North Africa","authors":"Rabah Arezki, M. Nabli","doi":"10.5089/9781475503326.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475503326.001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes stock of the economic performance of resource rich countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) over the past forty years. While those countries have maintained high levels of income per capita, they have performed poorly when going beyond the assessment based on standard income level measures. Resource rich countries in MENA have experienced relatively low and non inclusive economic growth as well as high levels of macroeconomic volatility. Important improvements in health and education have taken place but the quality of the provision of public goods and services remains an important source of concerns. Looking forward we argue that the success of economic reforms in MENA rests on the ability of those countries to invest boldly in building inclusive institutions as well as high levels of human capacity in public administrations.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131498145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent Impact of Natural Disasters on Child Nutrition and Schooling: Evidence from the 1999 Colombian Earthquake","authors":"Monserrat Bustelo, M. Arends-Kuenning, L. Lucchetti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2010949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2010949","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the impact of the 1999 Colombian Earthquake on child nutrition and schooling. The identification strategy combines household survey data with event data on the timing and location of the earthquake, exploiting the exogenous exposure of children to the shock. The paper uniquely identifies both the short- and medium-term impacts of the earthquake, combining two cross-sectional household surveys collected before the earthquake and two cross-sectional household surveys collected one and six years after the earthquake. Colombia provides a unique setting for our study because the government launched a very successful reconstruction program after the earthquake. Findings report a strong negative impact of the earthquake on child nutrition and schooling in the short-term. Relevantly, amid the aid received by the affected area, the negative consequences of the earthquake persist with a lesser degree in the medium-term, particularly for boys.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114566070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Las Microempresas del Sector Informal Urbano en América Latina una Aproximación Desde la Interdisciplinariedad (The Urban Informal Sector Micro in Latin America an Approach from Interdisciplinarity)","authors":"Rafael Camargo","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1996655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1996655","url":null,"abstract":"This essay is aimed to develop an interdisciplinary review of the Latin American informal sector micro-enterprises, to identify the features which characterize them as social entities, subject of social, public policy dictated and social mediation. The characterization is necessary to identify that fact, understood as a social object that can be approximated to configure, looking for the overall benefit of society. Critical dialogue between economics, sociology and anthropology, provides elements that allow a rich and fruitful reading of the reality of informal microenterprises in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131094451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulating Trade and Development of Indigenous Cultural Heritage by Means of International Law: Issues of Legitimacy and Method","authors":"C. B. Graber","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1986786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1986786","url":null,"abstract":"Adopting the view that a more active participation of indigenous peoples in the trade of their knowledge assets would promote their socioeconomic development raises difficult questions of legitimacy and method. Questions of legitimacy are posed by the potentially modernising effects of development endangering traditional ways of indigenous peoples’ social organisation. Questions of method arise when studying how international law, including international economic law, could better contribute to furthering the development interests of indigenous peoples in the trade of indigenous cultural heritage (ICH). There will be many areas where modern law and indigenous custom collide. These questions are the focus of the first part of the paper. The second part studies international law’s potential to stimulate ICH trade for the sake of indigenous socioeconomic development. To this end, it first assesses how interests of indigenous peoples in trade and development of ICH are currently institutionalised in international economic law. The paper then examines whether preferential trade rules for indigenous cultural goods and services would be an adequate tool to advance the interests of indigenous peoples in ICH trade and development.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116338154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Nutrition and Cognition in Peru","authors":"I. Outes-Leon, C. Porter, Alan Sánchez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1972106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1972106","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the causal link between early childhood nutrition and cognition, applying instrumental variables to sibling-differences for a sample of pre-school aged Peruvian children. Child-specific shocks in the form of food price changes and household shocks during the critical developmental period of a child are used as instruments. The analysis shows significant and positive returns to early childhood nutritional investments. An increase in the Height-for-Age z-score of one standard deviation - keeping other factors constant - translates into increases in the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) score of 17-21 percent of a standard deviation. The period of analysis includes the recent global food price crisis that also affected Peru between 2006 and 2008. This therefore is also a quantification of the nutritional and subsequent cognitive costs of food prices on the sample, which could be magnified in later years.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126038088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Depth of Microfinance Programme Outreach: Empirical Findings from Rural Pakistan","authors":"A. Ghalib","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1895295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1895295","url":null,"abstract":"Microfinance has emerged on the global scale as a key strategy to reduce poverty and promote development. Most of the relevant literature, however, tends to concentrate on breadth as opposed to depth of programme outreach. This paper is based on a primary household survey of 1,132 respondents in the Punjab Province of Pakistan to assess which category of the poor is being served by microfinance institutions. Are they the very poor, middle poor or less poor households? In order to make comparisons, borrower (treatment) and non-borrower (control) households are interviewed and, by employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), each household is allocated a specific poverty score in relation to all other households in the sample. Once the poverty index is obtained, sampled households are ranked in order of varying poverty levels. Comparisons are later made between borrower and non-borrower households to estimate programme outreach. The paper concludes with findings that the depth of poverty outreach is significantly lower than what has been hitherto proclaimed by service providers and reflects on policy implications to enhance depth (as opposed to breadth) of programme outreach to address the needs of the poorest of the poor, in order to contribute meaningfully and effectively towards combating poverty.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115242959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Post-Washington Consensus Approach to Local Economic Development in Latin America? An Example from Medellín, Colombia","authors":"M. Bateman, Juan Pablo Duran Ortíz, K. Maclean","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2385197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2385197","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at the radical policies introduced in Medellin, in Colombia, to promote local development and social inclusion. While not always successful, the paper finds that they hold out a useful foundation for further reforms and measures to build local economic development success and social inclusion.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potato Value Chain in Bihar: An Assessment and Policy Implications","authors":"B. Minten, T. Reardon, Krishna M. Singh, Rajib Sutradhar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2406540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2406540","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), a potato value chain study was organized in Bihar, in collaboration between the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in Patna, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), as potatoes are one of the core crops that the NAIP project in Bihar are focusing on. Primary surveys were fielded with producers, traders, cold storages, and retailers at the end of 2009 on the rural-urban potato value chain in Bihar, more in particular from the disadvantaged districts part of the NAIP project (Vaishali and Samastipur) to urban consumers in Patna. The study has shown the importance of appropriate policies as to stimulate the take-off of agricultural businesses in Bihar. These policies should focus foremost on the provision of public goods such as reliable electricity, road infrastructure, and good governance. Given the still existing large deficiencies, Bihar should make further investments in this area as to allow private business to further flourish and to allow farmers in these disadvantaged districts to become better integrated in the market economy. Second, policy makers should further stimulate increased investments in the cold storage sector, but not necessarily through subsidies. More competition in the cold storage sector is desirable as to drive down the cost of storage. The further spread of cold storages as intermediaries in the potato value chains might also open some important opportunities towards upgrading the potato value chains as cold storages can serve as focal points for the distribution of better seed varieties, extension advice, marketing advice, etc. This could especially benefit smaller farmers who, because of liquidity constraints, are less willing to sell after storage and benefit from the higher prices off-season. Third, Bihar might further be a good area for the cultivation of processing varieties given its unique agro-ecological potential for those. As it is one of the areas in India where the growing period is later and where the minimum temperature during the production period is relatively high, leading to the required higher production of dry matter, the region is better suited for processing varieties than most other states in India. Given such comparative advantage, it seems that the state could benefit from the increased presence of the private sector interested in potato processing. However, some of the processing companies that are currently active in India are bringing in potato varieties (e.g. Lady Roseta, Atlantic) which might be prone to diseases that might be more difficult to control in the Indian setting. Close collaboration with local research stations as to introduce the most appropriate varieties seems thus called for. Fourth, our data illustrate the devastating effects that the late blight disease has in Bihar. The development and spread of better suited varieties","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"972 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123071084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fate Worse than Debt: An Alternative View of the Right to Development and its Relevance in the External Debt Problem of Developing Countries","authors":"Dr Noel Villaroman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1895449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1895449","url":null,"abstract":"The external debt problem of developing countries is a lacuna in public international law. An author has observed that uncertainties and questions about external debts “remain ignored by treaty law or have not been regulated by contracts and are probably not yet governed by customary law.” There is currently no multilateral treaty that specifically governs the situation of a developing country plagued by simultaneous debt repayments. Neither is a typical international loan contract useful in looking for fair and equitable solutions to the problems occasioned by external debts. This thesis aims to contribute in filling up this legal void. The main controversy in this thesis involves a collision between the principle of pacta sunt servanda as applied in international loan contracts and a proposed legal principle that may be employed to counter the ill-effects upon a debtor country of a high level of external indebtedness. This thesis will propose an alternative view of the “right to development” which is supported by certain legal norms whose bases are well-established in public international law. It will argue that the right to development can be invoked as a legal shield to protect debtor countries against the adverse repercussions occasioned by debt-related arrangements and policies in the international plane. This alternative view will be put into an empirical application within the backdrop of the external debt problem of the developing countries. Is the right to development applicable in the specific context of creditor-debtor relation between states? How can it be applied vis-a-vis the main problems occasioned by a huge external indebtedness? The area of public external debts is one of the many international settings where the cards are stacked, so to speak, against the debtor countries. This thesis will show how a high level of indebtedness adversely impacts a debtor country in two major ways. First, through the use of policy “conditionalities,” the present international debt relief mechanisms significantly limit a debtor country’s prerogative in managing its own process of economic development. And second, the creditors’ staunch claim to be repaid and the debtor country’s lack of choice but to heed such a claim result in the latter’s inability to perform its treaty obligations to realise the economic, social and cultural rights of its people. This thesis will argue that both are legally incompatible with the right to development, and both ought to be addressed by a proposed debt restructuring mechanism for debtor countries that genuinely respects and promotes this right. Contact author at Noel.Villaroman@monash.edu.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116826830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Kuznetz Curve: Evidence from Transition Economies","authors":"Ekaterina Labuzova, R. Shakhnovich","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1704347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1704347","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of natural anomalies of the recent years and even the practical measures undertaken to limit the climate change impact on the economic development (signing and ratification of Kyoto Protocol by many countries) the problem of relationship between economic growth and environmental quality remains one of the most debatable in modern economics not only in theory but in working out of practical recommendations for implementation of economic policy as well.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122765652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}