SRPN: Developing World (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Exploitation of Natural Resources (Oil & Gas) and Indigenous Rights of the Ogoni Region of Nigeria, a Case in Point.","authors":"Nathan Tsormetsri","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2597974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2597974","url":null,"abstract":"This project work considers how Oil exploitation in the Ogoni region of Nigeria affects and impacts on the rights of the indigenous inhabitants of the local community. This research examines the rights of the indigenous people of the Ogoni region that has so far been violated by the oil exploration activities in the region. This is examined with particular reference to international treaties.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116339695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deindustrialization in Colombia: Quantitative Analysis of Determinants","authors":"Sergio Clavijo, Alejandro Vera Sandoval, A. Fandino","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2362369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2362369","url":null,"abstract":"This document looks at the deindustrialization process in Colombia during 1965-2012, attempting to distinguish between “secular movements” (normal) from factors that have accelerated its process as a result of the Dutch Disease. This is a case of accelerated deindustrialization, where the Industry Value Added/GDP ratio has fallen from almost 25% during the mid-seventies to 20-22% in the eighties and now reaches a mere 12%. This deindustrialization has been linked to: i) structural difficulties in the provision of basic services (energy, telecommunications, roads), and ii) the effect springing from the energy-mining boom, accompanied by a costly labor force and a rampant appreciation of the exchange rate, thus giving support to the DD hypothesis. On the econometric front, the VEC model supports the DD hypothesis for the period 1970-2010, as compared to the alternate hypothesis of “secular” deindustrialization. This is usually explained by the expansion of the services sector (due to relative gains in productivity and “modernization”) and the level of development (gains in GDP per capita), which are typically linked to the developed world.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133208275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Governance: Its Impact on Stakeholders and Efficient Bank Management in Nigeria","authors":"A. A. Alawiye-Adams, A. Babatunde","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2316732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2316732","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of corporate governance on banks stakeholders and efficient bank management in Nigeria. The corporate governance variable employed in this study was that of board of directors. The two proxies selected for this research as independent variables are Board size and Board composition. Whilst the proxy for the dependent variable employed was earnings per share since regression only depicts the relationship that exist between two variables (x and y). This study made use of secondary data obtained from the financial reports of five (5) banks for a period of eight (8) years (2005-2012). Secondary data was analysed using Regression while chi-square was used to analyse the primary data from bank operators through administered questionnaire. The results generated were found to be similar to that of other previous scholars who have carried out a research on the issue of corporate governance and banks profitability. This study makes a significant contribution to research by exposing the importance of corporate governance in the Nigerian Banking System. The study supported the hypothesis that corporate governance positively affects not only stakeholders but also efficient bank management.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126927135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divisive Riches: Resource Ownership, Economic Disparities, and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"G. Schneider, F. Kelle, Tim Wegenast","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2316223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2316223","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main problems in the analysis of the resource-conflict nexus is the heterogeneity of the ownership structures and the extraction sites profitability for the same natural resources even within the same state. We contend that the reliance on national-level resource income data biases the extent of income redistribution within a society and the level of conflict needed to sustain it. Focusing on oil-fields and diamond mines in sub-Saharan countries, we offer a GIS-based analysis of the effects of natural resources on the sub-national and national economy and society. We employ an instrumental variable approach to disentangle for the past twenty years the growth and conflict effects that major oil fields and diamond mines have in the extraction region and the capitals of the examined countries. The preliminary analysis shows that especially public diamond ownership has positive growth effects in the extracting region, while onshore oilfields increase the risk of conflict.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115063710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Oil to an Export Dependent Economy: The Case of Nigeria","authors":"M. Rhodes, Suleiman Tahir","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2307636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2307636","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the influence of oil on an export dependent, developing economy, Nigeria. There are mixed findings in the academic literature on the effect of oil prices on exporting nations and the paper contributes to understanding these by including a measure of price uncertainty simultaneously with the level. A vector auto-regressive model includes variables measuring the foreign reserve account, exchange rate and (a proxy for) the interest rate in an examination of gross domestic product.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130721697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shelter from the Storm: Upgrading Housing Infrastructure in Latin American Slums","authors":"S. Galiani, P. Gertler, Ryan M. Cooper, Sebastian Martinez, A. Ross, R. Undurraga","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2296901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2296901","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides empirical evidence on the causal effects that upgrading slum dwellings has on the living conditions of the extremely poor. In particular, we study the impact of providing better houses in situ to slum dwellers in El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay. We experimentally evaluate the impact of a housing project run by the NGO TECHO which provides basic pre-fabricated houses to members of extremely poor population groups in Latin America. The main objective of the program is to improve household well-being. Our findings show that better houses have a positive effect on overall housing conditions and general well-being: treated households are happier with their quality of life. In two countries, we also document improvements in children's health; in El Salvador, slum dwellers also feel that they are safer. We do not find this result, however, in the other two experimental samples. There are no other noticeable robust effects on the possession of durable goods or in terms of labor outcomes. Our results are robust in terms of both internal and external validity because they are derived from similar experiments in three different Latin American countries.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126521249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The K-Pop Wave: An Economic Analysis","authors":"P. Messerlin, Wonkyu Shin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2294712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2294712","url":null,"abstract":"This paper first shows the key role of the Korean entertainment firms in the K-pop wave: They have found the right niche in which to operate — the ‘dance-intensive’ segment — and worked out a very innovative mix of old and new technologies for developing the Korean comparative advantages in this segment. Secondly, the paper focuses on the most significant features of the Korean market which have contributed to the K-pop success in the world: the relative smallness of this market, its high level of competition, its lower prices than in any other large developed country, and its innovative ways to cope with intellectual property rights issues. Thirdly, the paper discusses the many ways the K-pop wave could ensure its sustainability, in particular by developing and channeling the huge pool of skills and resources of the current K-pop stars to new entertainment and art activities.Last but not least, the paper addresses the key issue of the ‘Koreanness’ of the K-pop wave: Does K-pop send some deep messages from and about Korea to the world? It argues that it does.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122581402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Transformation: Insights from an Exploratory Review of Rice Farming in the Kpong Irrigation Project","authors":"Hiroyuki Takeshima, K. Jimah, S. Kolavalli, X. Diao, Rebecca Funk","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2286846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2286846","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture in African South of the Sahara (SSA) can be transformed if the right public support is provided at the initial stage, and it can sustain itself once the enabling environment is put in place. Successes are also specific to the location of projects. In Ghana, interesting insights are obtained from the successful Kpong Irrigation Project (KIP), contrasted with other major irrigation projects in the country. Through an exploratory review, we describe how a productive system evolved in KIP and how public support for critical aspects (accumulation of crop husbandry knowledge, selection and supply of profitable varieties, and mechanization of land preparation) might have created a productive environment that the private sector could enter and fill in the market for credit, processing, mechanization of harvesting, and other institutional voids that typically have constrained agricultural transformation in the rest of SSA.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134185286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Institutions Quality Affect FDI Inflows in Sub Saharan African Countries?","authors":"Daniel Fiodendji","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2465945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2465945","url":null,"abstract":"One of the problems which sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are confronted with is the low level of investment. Yet, the theory of capital tells us that it is impossible to envisage development without a considerable accumulation of capital. An important channel through which those countries can solve this capital issue is to resort to foreign direct investment (FDI), especially knowing the considerable role such investment played in the development of the economy of several Asian countries. Sub-Saharan African countries have not benefited enough from such a type of investment form many reasons. One of them is the quality of institutions. This paper investigates the linkages between political risk, institutional quality and FDI using different econometric techniques for a data sample of 30 African Sub-Saharan countries from period 1984 to 2007. This paper argues that countries whose governments are highly ranked according to various indices of the quality of institutions tend to do better in attracting FDI. In an empirical analysis of cross-section data, the paper finds that different aspects of the quality of institutions of a country (corruption, law and order, government stability, profile of investment, internal and external conflicts etc...) are almost always significant, regardless of the other control variables that are used in the least-squares and instrumental variables estimation. By using the interaction approaches, we find that when a host country's institutions qualities are sufficiently low, a further decrease in institutions may not stimulate and, in fact, may even decrease FDI inflows. In addition, FDI inflows significantly rise as the institutions quality become better. We also find that the marginal effect of natural resources on FDI depends on the level of resources abundance; i.e., when a country is resource-intensive, the marginal effect of natural resource on FDI inflows increases. In the non resource-intensive countries, natural resources might be more effective to attract FDI. Our results suggest that the institutional quality competition between FDI host countries may have different impacts on countries with different natural resource levels. Thus, the ability of a country to benefit from financial globalization and its vulnerability to financial crises can be significantly affected by the quality of its domestic institutions and its macroeconomic framework.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130783424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agriculture and Trade","authors":"Dr. Mukesh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2223838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2223838","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is an industry which in the absence of government farm programs; the industry comprises many firms selling virtually standardized products. Agriculture is an Industry which can be understood by applying the demand and supply tools of competitive markets. In recent years, agriculture protection and its impact on developing countries have attracted growing attention. The successful integration into the world economy are home to more than 2 billion people has meant that developing countries have increased their share in global trade in Agriculture sector. Most of those gains have come from increased exports of manufactured products. Integration in agriculture is lagging behind. Most industrial and many developing countries still protect agriculture at high levels. Agriculture protection continues to be among the most important issues in global trade negotiations, with high protection in industrial countries being the main cause of the breakdown of the Cancun Ministerial Meetings in 2003. Reshaping the world’s trade system and reducing barriers to trade could accelerate medium term growth and reduce global poverty. For most developing countries, including those are net food importers, agriculture is the key sector for poverty reduction.","PeriodicalId":336186,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Developing World (Topic)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130770389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}