L'italia Forestale E Montana最新文献

{"title":"Primi risultati della utilizzazione del legname di Quercus pubescens Willd. (roverella) per la produzione di botti da invecchiamento","authors":"Nicola Moretti, S. Bufo, Celia Fouilloux, Filomena Lelario, A. Capogrossi, Chiara Sinisgalli, Luigi Milella, Laura Scrano","doi":"10.4129/ifm.2019.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2019.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"Quercus pubescens Willd. (Pubescent oak or downy oak), a semi-deciduous oak, widespread in western, central and south-eastern Europe (Jalas & Suominen, 1999) is characterized by a high morphological variability (Schwarz, 1993). It grows in thermophilous broad-leaved forests, with optimum in the sub-Mediterranean belt, and is well adapted in growing in different types of soils. Thanks to its drought resistance, probably linked to the fact that it easily hybridizes with other species of Quercus genus (Ferrari & Medici, 2003), it is commonly used in reforestation. In the past, the downy oak wood was mainly used for railway thanks to its good durability properties, while nowadays it is used as firewood, occasionally for carpentry or boat construction. Recently its use has been revalued and addressed to the production of aging barrels for the production of high quality wines. Usually for aging oak barrels are used; they are made with French oak ( Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) a wood species widespread in France but also in Eastern Europe and in some areas of Asia Minor and Morocco. Its wood gives color stability, spontaneous clarification and a complex and structured aroma to wine. In an experimentation undertaken by our research team two samples of the same red wine (Aglianico made by Cantine del Notaio, in Rionero in Vulture), aged for twelve months respectively in barrels of downy oak and of French oak, were compared to evaluate chemical and sensorial differences. The comparison also involved the study of the anatomical structure of wood, and the type of drying of the staves, since the speed and type of aging can be influenced by these. It is actually important to activate reactions between wine and the surrounding environment that are responsible of the wine color, aroma and taste. Oxidation, in particular, stabilizes wine allowing it to resist longer over time, while the release of tannins permits taste harmonization. By precision analytical instrumentation it was possible to quantify the content of resveratrol and tannins, also evaluating the antioxidant power of the two tested wines. In order to evaluate consumer’s acceptance and expectations in relation to the specific perceptible profile of the product, a sensory testing of aged wines was carried out, in addition to the chemical-physical analyses. Instrumental analysis of a food can actually assure the compliance with the hygienic-sanitary and physic-chemical parameters required by the legislation, but it does not provide data on its pleasantness to the palate or on the emotion induced by scent and aromas. The sensory experience was carried out not only on two wines but also on a blended wine obtained by mixing in a 1:1 ratio the two samples. The chemical analysis showed a higher content of resveratrol and lower of tannins in the wine aged in the downy oak cask, whereas the sensory analysis showed a greater liking of the blend. It is evident that new perspectives of exploitation of downy oa","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116895359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisi dei controlli eseguiti dal Corpo Forestale / Carabinieri Forestale sulle utilizzazioni boschive nel periodo 2009-2017 in provincia di Firenze. Stato dell'arte: evoluzione o involuzione?","authors":"Luigi Bartolozzi, C. Fabbri, Stefano Ignesti","doi":"10.4129/ifm.2019.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2019.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"For the period between 2009 and 2016 the former State Forestry Corps (C.F.S. Corpo Forestale dello Stato) and after 1 st January 2017 the Carabinieri Forestry Corp had made a comprehensive analysis regarding police checks carried out within Florence province, about forms concerning declarations and authorizations for forest fellings under the 39/2000 Tuscany Regional Law and subsequent implementing Regulations. In order to inform further legal and regulatory developments on this subject, the most commonly found regulation violations were listed and discussed with particular concern about the impact to forest conservation and safeguarding of the territory. The always increasing complexity in implementing this type of controls was highlighted, and knowledge of the territory, technical skills and competence of the operator remained the essential features of approach to the single cases. Controls mainly concerned (i) verification of technical-cultural aspects using suitable technological equipment and (ii) compliance of legality in workforce employment and safety in workplace, defined by Italian Legislative Decree No. 81/2008 and subsequent amendments and addenda.To contrast the increasingly widespread phenomenon of rule violations, survey should be tackled through repression actions - with joint controls among Police, Local Health Authority (ASL) and Labor Inspectorate etc. - and prevention activities - fostering cooperation with Trade Associations; while introduction of rules aimed to limit or even to cancel out the phenomenon would be recommended (e.g., introducing a qualification card for chainsaw use and extending the Register to Forest Companies). Moreover, the here-presented analysis suggested the introduction of a new professional figure: the forest worksite director, devoted to pay attention to worksite organization, especially for all those aspects related to worker safety.","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121232666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tendenze ultracentenarie degli elementi del bilancio indrico climatico del suolo presso l'Abbazia di Vallombrosa in rapporto alla vegetazione presente (Toscana, Italia) (1872-2017)","authors":"F. Rapetti","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2019.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2019.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Italian more-than-one-hundred-year-old meteorological series show - with only few exceptions - the increase of air temperature along with the decrease of precipitations. Temperature and rainfall data recorded at Vallombrosa Abbey (955 m a.s.l.) from 1872 to 2017 confirm the negative trend of precipitations while showing a substantial stability of temperatures, as a result of winter and spring rise being hardly higher than summer and autumn decrease. The slight spring rise in temperatures is related to the productivity of the tree stand, reducing of a few units the annual number of “cold days” (T ave <7,0°C), with positive consequences upon the xylogenesis after the winter stasis. The persistence of the present trends in the western Mediterranean basin can produce significant effects in the areas of Tuscany that were already suffering from meteorological and hydrological drought, such as the islands of the Archipelago and the coastal strip south of Leghorn, but so far it has only produced minor effects in the average and high mountains of the Apuan Alps and of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. The average records, the ranges and trends of water balance parameters (Thornthwaite, 1948) show a slight increase of potential evapotranspiration, a remarkable decrease of water surplus and a weak increase of deficit, and consequently a reduction of the global moisture index. Consequences of such trends upon the tree species that are most demanding in soil moisture in the Forest of Vallombrosa (Silver Fir, Beech) are discussed. In the last decades (1980-2017), due to the strong increasing trend of summer temperatures and despite a decreasing trend of total precipitations in the same season that is weaker than the general one, a significant reduction of the amount of water available to plants is recorded. The study of climatic parameters enabling arboreal plants life-cycle is made uncertain by the present phytogeographical set in Tuscany, which has been deeply altered by human intervention in the last centuries. The detection of remains of native vegetation and of the related climatic parameters would provide useful information to try and renaturalize damaged or modified ecosystems: Campolino spruce forest (“pigelleto Chiarugi”), in the high Sestaione Valley, meets the first requirement, but it is not equipped with a meteorological station, while Boscolungo (Abetone Pass, Pistoia), next to the spruce forest, offers a meteorological series long and reliable enough to be studied","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123589560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uomo e ambiente. L'epopea di Gilgames, re di Uruk e il mito della foresta di Nemi","authors":"V. Gualdi","doi":"10.4129/ifm.2019.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2019.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The essay below covers the Epic of Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, and the legend of Nemi forest , both involving the killing of the guardians of the said forests , dominated by cedars in the Near East and by oaks in Central Italy. The guardians most probably impersonated the reverential awe that these vast protohistoric forests inspired in those wishing either to thin or tear them down for the wood they needed.The beliefs expressed both in the epic and in the legend reflect the thinking of mankind at the time, which made no distinction between natural events and supernatural ones.","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122298211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cambiamento globale selvicoltura e sperimentazione","authors":"P. Corona","doi":"10.4129/ifm.2019.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2019.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidity of the global change and the complexity of the phenomena involved make any forecast of future environmental conditions rather uncertain: the only thing we can be sure of is that the future will be different from the present and that most ecosystems will be living in conditions never experienced before. The awareness of an uncertain but certainly different future motivates the search for new solutions for a sustainable management of forest systems. Accepting that the future will be different from both the past and the present makes it necessary to develop flexible management strategies to promote the proper adaptation: distinctively, it is expedient to fully recover the experimental character of silviculture, continuously monitoring the reactions of forest stands in order to introduce timely adjustments. From a scientific point of view, one of the most important premises under this perspective has been to consider the forest as a complex adaptive system. From this approach, some guiding principles for forest management in times of global change have been derived worldwide. However, managing a forest to increase its adaptability and resilience to global change still is a challenge for silvicultural research. Under such a distinctive perspective, this note highlights, in the form of a commented discussion, critical issues about experimental procedures in silviculture and relevant operational themes.","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"227 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120878939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategie di conservazione del legname abbattuto da tempeste di vento","authors":"M. Fioravanti, R. Zanuttini","doi":"10.4129/ifm.2019.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2019.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The large volume of timber available after exceptional windstorms exceeds the possibility of being absorbed by the manufacturing industry, especially at local scale. When left on site, timber can trigger insect attacks to nearby forests, develop depreciating biological modifications, increase the fuel load and the hydrogeological risk. Proper storage and conservation in adequate locations enables to avoid the above effects, limiting the loss of quality and diluting the market availability of the various assortments, in order to maintain a more stable price. The paper describes some possible actions experienced in previous similar contexts, with particular reference to those adopted in France and Switzerland. Finally, some considerations on how to take new opportunities arising from the Vaia storm are also presented.","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123695327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La gestione del bosco come sistema biologico complesso: una questione di teoria e di metodo","authors":"S. Nocentini","doi":"10.4129/ifm.2019.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2019.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time, forest practice has been characterized by a linear paradigm: forest cultivation and management have been centred on the volume/regeneration relationship, considered respectively source of income and basis for sustained production. According to this paradigm, forest management has worked out a series of forest regulation methods with the aim of obtaining the “fully regulated forest”. These methods are firmly anchored to the mechanistic view of nature. Considering the forest as a complex adaptive system means overcoming the reductionist and mechanist paradigm and entails a shift towards a systemic approach in silviculture and forest management. The objectives and theoretical assumptions of classical forest regulation methods are discussed according to the new systemic paradigm. Managing forests as complex adaptive systems and sustaining their ability to adapt to future changes is possible only if there is also a change in forest management methods so that they are consistent with the new theoretical approach.","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riflessioni su paesaggio e valori naturalistici dopo la tempesta Vaia","authors":"C. Lasen","doi":"10.4129/ifm.2019.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2019.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The storm that hit the Dolomite area at the end of October 2018 has opened, once the emergency was over, a debate among experts of different disciplines. The focus was on the ecological, ethical and social centrality of natural values, often marginalized and sometimes simply associated or even confused with landscape values. Protected areas and red lists are particularly effective means for biodiversity protection. The changes triggered by the opening of wide clearings will foster the start of ecological successions, where some plant communities (i.e. Epilobietea angustifolii , Mulgedio-Aconitetea ) will assume a predominant role. It is a good opportunity for the preparation of monitoring plans to carry out fact-finding surveys and orient any potential silvicultural action in the direction of a natural approach and better ecosystem functionality.","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125619110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisi della filiera foresta-legno in una prospettiva di (bio)economia circolare: il caso studio della foresta di Monte Morello","authors":"A. Paletto, Isabella Demeo, Paolo Cantiani, U. Chiavetta, Claudio Fagarazzi, G. Mazza, Elisa Pieratti, Giovanni Matteo Rillo Migliorini, Alessandra Lagomarsino","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2018.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2018.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the role of circular bioeconomy in order to increase the competitiveness of enterprises and economies of European Union (EU) member countries was emphasized. In circular bioeconomy, the forest sector has a key role with special regard to bioenergy production. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the forest-wood chain at local level (Monte Morello, Florence) following the circular bioeconomy approach. The study was divided in two steps: in the first step wood materials flow and carbon dioxide emission from the production process were analyzed; in the second step a set of indicators - specific for the forest sector - to quantify the 4R ( Reduce , Reuse , Recycle , Recover ) of circular economy was identified and tested. The following aspects were considered: improvement of production process efficiency; reuse and life-span of wood products; optimization of potential wood assortments; and energy recover from the wood products. The results showed that the forest-wood chain by thinning in the Monte Morello forest did not optimize the commercial wood assortments because all wood volume was allocated for bioenergy production. This aspect has generated a negative economic impact and reduced the life-span of wood products. Conversely, the results showed a favorable balance regarding the carbon dioxide emission - above all considering the fossil fuel substitution effect - and for the use for energy production of part of the great amount of deadwood of the Monte Morello forest.","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116414709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerazioni su una lettura \"attualizzata\" dell'articolo 108 del R.D.L. 3267/1923","authors":"Gianpiero Andreatta","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2018.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2018.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Royal Decree-Law n. 3267 of 30 December 1923 represents a fundamental regulatory measure for the hydrogeological protection of land and management of forest stands. Almost a hundred years after its enactment, the socio-economic contexts and the ways of managing the territory and wooded land have changed considerably. Within this framework, an \"updated\" reading of article 108 of R.D.L. 3267/1923 is proposed, which refers to the \"special agency for state-owned forests\" entrusted with the task – pursued through property expansion  – to form wood reserves for the country's needs and to constitute a management model for forest holders. The initial objectives can be reconsidered today with major significance and importance: promoting an increase in publicly owned areas (state, regional and provincial), counteracting the pulverization and fragmentation of forest property, often linked to abandonment of forest stands, as well as preserving large wooded areas from possible excessive exploitation; considering state-owned forests as biodiversity and biocomplexity reserves, carbon storage tanks and sources of wealth, environmental goods and services that can be used by the community; setting up and carrying out an exemplary management for state forest stands, considering them complex biological systems.","PeriodicalId":336087,"journal":{"name":"L'italia Forestale E Montana","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125184124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}