Clocks & Sleep最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between Circadian Phase Delay without Morning Light and Phase Advance by Bright Light Exposure the Following Morning.","authors":"Michihiro Ohashi,&nbsp;Taisuke Eto,&nbsp;Toaki Takasu,&nbsp;Yuki Motomura,&nbsp;Shigekazu Higuchi","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5040041","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep5040041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans have a circadian rhythm for which the period varies among individuals. In the present study, we investigated the amount of natural phase delay of circadian rhythms after spending a day under dim light (Day 1 to Day 2) and the amount of phase advance due to light exposure (8000 lx, 4100 K) the following morning (Day 2 to Day 3). The relationships of the phase shifts with the circadian phase, chronotype and sleep habits were also investigated. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was investigated as a circadian phase marker on each day. In the 27 individuals used for the analysis, DLMO was delayed significantly (-0.24 ± 0.33 h, <i>p</i> < 0.01) from Day 1 to Day 2 and DLMO was advanced significantly (0.18 ± 0.36 h, <i>p</i> < 0.05) from Day 2 to Day 3. There was a significant correlation between phase shifts, with subjects who had a greater phase delay in the dim environment having a greater phase advance by light exposure (r = -0.43, <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, no significant correlations with circadian phase, chronotype or sleep habits were found. These phase shifts may reflect the stability of the phase, but do not account for an individual's chronotype-related indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 4","pages":"615-626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Telework Jetlag and Perceived Psychological Distress among Japanese Hybrid Workers.","authors":"Yuuki Matsumoto, Ayako Hino, Kunitaka Kumadaki, Osamu Itani, Yuichiro Otsuka, Yoshitaka Kaneita","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5040040","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep5040040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social jetlag is associated with physical and mental health problems. With the increased popularity of telework, we investigated a specific form of social jetlag that we termed \"telework jetlag\". This study aimed to clarify the relationship between telework jetlag-the difference in sleep and wake-up times between in-office and telework days-and mental health problems among Japanese hybrid workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1789 participants from October to December 2021 using an online-based questionnaire. Telework jetlag, defined as the difference in the midsleep point between in-office and telework days, was investigated using two groups according to telework jetlag-those lagging <1 h versus ≥1 h. We used the six-item Kessler Scale as a nonspecific psychological distress scale for the outcome. Telework jetlag was significantly associated with psychological distress, and the ≥1 h group had a higher risk (odds ratio: 1.80) of developing high psychological distress (HPD) than the <1 h group in the multivariate analysis. Since most teleworkers are forced to have a hybrid work style that mixes going to work and teleworking, telework jetlag must be addressed to maintain the health of teleworkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 4","pages":"604-614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Efficacy of a CBT-I-Based Online Program for Sleep Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Esther-Sevil Eigl,&nbsp;Theresa Hauser,&nbsp;Pavlos I Topalidis,&nbsp;Manuel Schabus","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5040039","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep5040039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an urgent need for easily accessible treatment options for sleep problems to reduce the current treatment gap in receiving cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Using a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of a CBT-I-based online program on sleep. Fifty-three volunteers (21-71 years; <i>M_Age</i> = 44.6 ± 12.5; 27 female) suffering from impaired sleep were randomly allocated either to the experimental group (EG, <i>n</i> = 27) or to an active control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 26). The EG participated in a 6-week CBT-I-based online program, while the CG received psychoeducation and sleep hygiene instructions. Sleep was assessed both objectively via ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) as well as subjectively via questionnaires at three time points (baseline, pre- and post-intervention). A one-month follow-up assessment was performed using questionnaires. The EG showed small but reliable improvements from pre- to post-intervention in PSG-derived wake after sleep onset (from 58.6 min to 42.5 min; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and sleep efficiency (from 86.0% to 89.2%; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, subjective sleep quality (assessed via Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) improved significantly during intervention (<i>p</i> = 0.011) and follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.015) in the EG alone. The Insomnia Severity Index decreased from pre- to post-intervention in both groups (EG: <i>p</i> = 0.003, CG: <i>p</i> = 0.008), while it further improved during follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.035) in the EG alone. We show that a CBT-I-based online program can improve sleep not only subjectively but also objectively and can be a viable alternative when face-to-face interventions are not available.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 4","pages":"590-603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Brazilian Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale Using Item Response Theory: A Psychometric Study.","authors":"Cleber Lopes Campelo,&nbsp;Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista,&nbsp;Victor Nogueira da Cruz Silveira,&nbsp;Kely Nayara Dos Reis Silva Figueiredo,&nbsp;Patrícia Maria Abreu Machado,&nbsp;Adriano Ferreti Borgatto,&nbsp;Alcione Miranda Dos Santos","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5040038","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep5040038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There seems to be a consensus that adolescents worldwide are not getting enough sleep. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in adolescents using the item response theory. A psychometric study was conducted with 2206 adolescents aged 18 and 19 years in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The dimensionality of the ESS was assessed by principal component analysis. A Samejima's graded response model (SGRM) was fitted to it. The findings of this study showed a good internal consistency and the unidimensionality of the ESS. Considering the latent trait continuum, we obtained three levels, with anchor items. For the item 'Sitting still in a public place', the adolescents presented a small possibility of dozing in level 1, and a medium and great possibility in level 2. The item 'Sitting around talking to someone' presented small, medium, and great possibilities of dozing in level 3. The ESS with five items showed satisfactory psychometric properties. In addition, the results from the SGRM showed that adolescents with high levels of sleepiness are likely to nod off or sleep sitting up while talking to someone. This study allows us to understand excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 4","pages":"581-589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Effects of Gut Microbiota on Sleep-Related Phenotypes: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Min Yue,&nbsp;Chuandi Jin,&nbsp;Xin Jiang,&nbsp;Xinxin Xue,&nbsp;Nan Wu,&nbsp;Ziyun Li,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5030037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing evidence suggests a correlation between changes in the composition of gut microbiota and sleep-related phenotypes. However, it remains uncertain whether these associations indicate a causal relationship. The genome-wide association study summary statistics data of gut microbiota (<i>n</i> = 18,340) was downloaded from the MiBioGen consortium and the data of sleep-related phenotypes were derived from the UK Biobank, the Medical Research Council-Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Jones SE, the FinnGen consortium. To test and estimate the causal effect of gut microbiota on sleep traits, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach using multiple methods was conducted. A series of sensitive analyses, such as horizontal pleiotropy analysis, heterogeneity test, MR Steiger directionality test and \"leave-one-out\" analysis as well as reverse MR analysis, were conducted to assess the robustness of MR results. The genus <i>Anaerofilum</i> has a negative causal effect on getting up in the morning (odd ratio = 0.977, 95% confidence interval: 0.965-0.988, <i>p</i> = 7.28 × 10^-5). A higher abundance of order Enterobacteriales and family Enterobacteriaceae contributed to becoming an \"evening person\". Six and two taxa were causally associated with longer and shorter sleep duration, respectively. Specifically, two SCFA-produced genera including <i>Lachnospiraceae UCG004</i> (odd ratio = 1.029, 95% confidence interval = 1.012-1.046, <i>p</i> = 6.11 × 10^-4) and <i>Odoribacter</i> contribute to extending sleep duration. Two obesity-related genera such as <i>Ruminococcus torques</i> (odd ratio = 1.024, 95% confidence interval: 1.011-1.036, <i>p</i> = 1.74 × 10^-4) and <i>Senegalimassilia</i> were found to be increased and decreased risk of snoring, respectively. In addition, we found two risk taxa of insomnia such as the order Selenomonadales and one of its classes called Negativicutes. All of the sensitive analysis and reverse MR analysis results indicated that our MR results were robust. Our study revealed the causal effect of gut microbiota on sleep and identified causal risk and protective taxa for chronotype, sleep duration, snoring and insomnia, which has the potential to provide new perspectives for future mechanistic and clinical investigations of microbiota-mediated sleep abnormal patterns and provide clues for developing potential microbiota-based intervention strategies for sleep-related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 3","pages":"566-580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10527580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sleep Behavior and the Use of Sleep Aids among Adults Living in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ahmed Aldhafiri,&nbsp;Nawaf Almutairi,&nbsp;Mohammed Alharbi,&nbsp;Abdullah Aloufi,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Hakeem,&nbsp;Abdulmalik Kattan,&nbsp;Fahad Alzahrani","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5030035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A negative attitude toward sleep has greatly affected sleep habits. In addition to contributing to physical and metabolic disorders, poor sleep quality may cause emotional disturbances. This study aimed to measure sleep behavior and factors contributing to poor sleep quality in the Madinah region, Saudi Arabia. We also assessed whether the use of sleeping aids improved peoples sleep. Three hundred and ninety-nine adults in the Madinah region of Saudi Arabia participated in this cross-sectional study. Three data domains were collected using an online questionnaire between 30 January and 26 April 2022. In the first domain, the characteristics of participants were discussed. In the second domain, questions about sleep behavior were asked. In the third domain, we examined the types, frequency, and impact of sleep aid use. Out of the 399 participants, 154 (38.59%) reported sleep problems. A total of 64.94% of the 154 participants blamed stress as the leading cause of their sleep disorders, and 74.68% of those with sleep problems reported reduced productivity. Among those who reported having sleep problems, 46.10% used sleep aids, with Panadol night (antihistamine) being the most used, 49.30%, followed by Melatonin at 39.44%. Sleep quality improved by 67.6% among those who used sleep aids. A total of 71.8% of the participants think it is not safe to use sleep aids in the long term. Our findings suggest that sleep problems are a prevalent concern in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, and even though the use of sleep aids improved sleep quality, it should be considered an emerging and important public health objective in Saudi Arabia. Further studies are needed to evaluate sleep quality and the level of sleep aid usage among other Saudi Arabian regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 3","pages":"536-551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Links between Sleep Apnoea and Insomnia in a British Cohort.","authors":"Yizhou Yu","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5030036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor sleep is a major public health problem with implications for a wide range of critical health outcomes. Insomnia and sleep apnoea are the two most common causes of poor sleep, and recent studies have shown that these disorders frequently co-occur. Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea can substantially impair quality of life and increase the overall risk of mortality. However, the causal and physiological links between sleep apnoea and insomnia are unclear. It is also unknown whether having a higher risk for one condition can increase the risk of developing the other. Here, we investigated links between sleep apnoea and insomnia in a British population using a combination of self-reported questionnaires and causal inference. We found that 54.3% of the cohort had moderate insomnia, 9.4% had moderate sleep apnoea, and that 6.2% scored high for both conditions. Importantly, having a higher risk of sleep apnoea was associated with a higher risk of insomnia and vice versa. To determine the causal directionality between sleep apnoea and insomnia, we used Mendelian randomisation and found evidence that sleep apnoea could cause insomnia, but not the reverse. To elucidate how both sleep apnoea and insomnia were linked to each other, we looked at the behavioural markers of poor sleep. We found that feeling fatigued after sleeping and having noticeable sleep problems were linked to a higher burden of both sleep apnoea and insomnia. In conclusion, our results show that sleep apnoea increases the risk of developing insomnia, and both conditions can result in fatigue. We highlight the importance of considering and treating the symptoms of both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 3","pages":"552-565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing Matters: The Interplay between Early Mealtime, Circadian Rhythms, Gene Expression, Circadian Hormones, and Metabolism-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ahmed S BaHammam,&nbsp;Abdulrouf Pirzada","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5030034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030034","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving synchronization between the central and peripheral body clocks is essential for ensuring optimal metabolic function. Meal timing is an emerging field of research that investigates the influence of eating patterns on our circadian rhythm, metabolism, and overall health. This narrative review examines the relationship between meal timing, circadian rhythm, clock genes, circadian hormones, and metabolic function. It analyzes the existing literature and experimental data to explore the connection between mealtime, circadian rhythms, and metabolic processes. The available evidence highlights the importance of aligning mealtime with the body’s natural rhythms to promote metabolic health and prevent metabolic disorders. Specifically, studies show that consuming meals later in the day is associated with an elevated prevalence of metabolic disorders, while early time-restricted eating, such as having an early breakfast and an earlier dinner, improves levels of glucose in the blood and substrate oxidation. Circadian hormones, including cortisol and melatonin, interact with mealtimes and play vital roles in regulating metabolic processes. Cortisol, aligned with dawn in diurnal mammals, activates energy reserves, stimulates appetite, influences clock gene expression, and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Consuming meals during periods of elevated melatonin levels, specifically during the circadian night, has been correlated with potential implications for glucose tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of central and peripheral clock synchronization, including genetics, interactions with chronotype, sleep duration, and hormonal changes, provides valuable insights for optimizing dietary strategies and timing. This knowledge contributes to improved overall health and well-being by aligning mealtime with the body’s natural circadian rhythm.","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 3","pages":"507-535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keep It Simple: Using README Files to Advance Standardization in Chronobiology.","authors":"Tomasz Zieliński,&nbsp;James J L Hodge,&nbsp;Andrew J Millar","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5030033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standardization plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability, reproducibility, and interoperability of research data in the biomedical sciences. Metadata standards are one foundation for the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles of data management. They facilitate data discovery, understanding, and reuse. However, the adoption of metadata standards in biological research lags in practice. Barriers such as complexity, lack of incentives, technical challenges, resource constraints, and resistance to change hinder widespread adoption. In the field of chronobiology, standardization is essential but faces particular challenges due to the longitudinal nature of experimental data, diverse model organisms, and varied measurement techniques. To address these challenges, we propose an approach that emphasizes simplicity and practicality: the development of README templates tailored for particular data types and species. Through this opinion article, our intention is to initiate a dialogue and commence a community-driven standardization process by engaging potential contributors and collaborators.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 3","pages":"499-506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Human Field of View on Visual and Non-Visual Quantities in Indoor Environments.","authors":"Johannes Zauner,&nbsp;Kai Broszio,&nbsp;Karin Bieske","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5030032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The visual and non-visual effectiveness of light is often determined by measuring the spectrally weighed irradiance on the corneal plane. This is typically achieved using spectral irradiance or illuminance measurements, captured in a hemispheric (2π) geometry with a diffuser. However, the human binocular field of view (FOV) is not a perfect hemisphere, as it is occluded both upward and downward. Previous research on FOV-restricted measurements is limited, leaving the error from using hemispheric measurements for non-visual quantities undefined. In our study, we tackled this issue by designing and 3D printing FOV occlusions as attachments to spectral measurement devices. We took measurements with and without the occlusion in various laboratory (light from different directions) and real-world lighting situations (light typically from above). Our findings reveal a reduction of visual and melanopic values due to the FOV occlusion. These ranged from negligible to more than 60% in realistic scenarios. Interestingly, the reduction was consistent for both visual and melanopic parameters, as the distribution of light in the FOV was generally spectrally homogeneous. An exception occurred in a specific artificial laboratory situation, where the <i>melanopic daylight (D65) efficacy ratio</i> changed by more than a factor of 2 solely because of the FOV occlusion. Additionally, we observed that head orientation had a marked effect on all quantities measured. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential for substantial errors when solely relying on vertical, hemispheric measurements in experiments and non-visual lighting design projects. We encourage the (additional) use of FOV occlusion in eye-level measurements for typical viewing directions, and we are providing open-source 3D-print files to facilitate this practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 3","pages":"476-498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10530223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41178589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}