Clocks & Sleep最新文献

{"title":"Sleepiness and Fatigue as Consequences of Cumulative Sleep Restriction: Insights from Fine-Grained Subjective Measures and Skin Temperature in the Field.","authors":"Vaida T R Verhoef, Karin C H J Smolders, Geert Peeters, Sebastiaan Overeem, Yvonne A W de Kort","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030051","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis and monitoring of daytime sleepiness remain challenging and are strongly reliant on subjective assessments. To revisit common monitoring tools and explore new assessment modalities, we investigated the response of daily and momentary subjective measures of sleepiness and fatigue and skin temperature to sleep restriction, assessed between- and within-day variations in these responses, and studied their convergence. Seventeen healthy participants (aged 19-32 years, seven females, ten males) participated in a field study employing ecological momentary assessment. After a one-week baseline, two sleep conditions (4 h/night vs. 7-9 h/night, actigraphy-controlled; three nights each) were counterbalanced across participants. During the experimental conditions, sleepiness and fatigue were assessed using subjective rating scales administered in daily diary questionnaires and experience sampling questionnaires (10 notifications per day), while distal and proximal skin temperatures were continuously recorded. Results revealed significant effects of sleep restriction on distal and proximal skin temperature and daily reports of sleepiness and fatigue, independent of the number of sleep-restricted nights. The effects on momentary assessments were moderated by day, reflecting a cumulative effect of the sleep restriction from Days 1 to 3. The effects of sleep restriction on momentary sleepiness and fatigue ratings or hourly skin temperature metrics were not significantly moderated by time of day. Hourly skin temperatures (distal skin temperature and temperature gradient) were significantly related to subjective sleepiness and fatigue. In conclusion, all self-reports were sensitive to the sleep restriction, but momentary assessments illustrate the manipulation's cumulative effects and captured temporal dynamics in sleepiness and fatigue within days. This investigation showed overlap between sleepiness and fatigue experiences as reflected in medium to strong associations. Skin temperature correlates with momentary subjective sleepiness (and fatigue); however, considering it a proxy for daytime sleepiness remains exploratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pediatric Populations with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Toni Ghayad, Anaïs Mungo, Matthieu Hein","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030050","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder in the pediatric population. Furthermore, there appears to be a special relationship between ADHD and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). The objective of this review was therefore to provide an updated overview of the current literature regarding the prevalence of RLS and its potential clinical impact in pediatric ADHD subjects (<18 years). A systematic literature review was carried out in May 2025 in the PubMed-Medline database according to PRISMA criteria. After evaluation by two readers of the 147 identified articles, 9 articles investigating the prevalence of RLS with or without assessment of its potential clinical impact were selected for this systematic literature review. The prevalence of RLS in children and adolescents with ADHD showed significant variation, ranging from 11% to 54%. One study found a significant impact of RLS on academic performance and life skills in pediatric ADHD subjects. Three studies highlighted higher severity of ADHD complaints in subjects with comorbid RLS. One study reported higher RLS severity scores in the ADHD+RLS group and significantly more severe scores in the \"hyperactive-impulsive\" ADHD subtype. Two studies identified a significant association between a family history of RLS and RLS+ADHD comorbidity. Compared with the general pediatric population, the prevalence of RLS appears to be higher in pediatric ADHD subjects. Finally, this comorbid sleep disorder could worsen the severity of ADHD symptoms and complicate its clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Quality Assessment in Intensive Care Units: Comparing Actigraphy and the Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire-A Pilot Study in the Moroccan Context.","authors":"Abdelmajid Lkoul, Keltouma Oumbarek, Youssef Bouchriti, Asmaa Jniene, Tarek Dendane","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030049","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is frequently disrupted, which may adversely affect their overall health and recovery. Despite the implementation of various strategies to promote sleep, accurately assessing its quality remains complex. This pilot study aimed to evaluate both the quality and quantity of sleep in ICU patients using actigraphy (ACT) and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) and to compare the diagnostic performance of these two tools. We conducted a prospective observational study including 228 ICU patients. Sleep was assessed using both RCSQ and ACT. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative ability of each tool (Area Under the Curve [AUC], sensitivity, specificity), with optimal cut-off points determined using Youden's Index. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare sleep parameters between patients classified as having good or poor sleep based on ACT measurements. The mean RCSQ score was 38.16 ± 17.09, indicating poor perceived sleep quality. Sleep onset latency (based on RCSQ) was 35.71 ± 21.44 min, with a mean of 40.32 ± 20.03 awakenings. According to ACT, sleep latency was 39.23 ± 22.09 min, and total sleep duration was 198.15 ± 128.42 min (approximately 3 h and 18 min), which is significantly below recommended levels. The average number of awakenings recorded was 24.85. In terms of diagnostic performance, the RCSQ demonstrated excellent discriminative ability (AUC = 1.00 for the total score), while ACT showed more variable results: total sleep duration had a good AUC of 0.91, while sleep latency showed a lower performance with an AUC of 0.50. The RCSQ proved to be more reliable than ACT in assessing sleep quality in ICU patients, providing consistent results across multiple parameters, including sleep depth, latency, and number of awakenings. Conversely, ACT yielded less consistent findings, particularly regarding sleep latency and nighttime interruptions. Further studies are warranted to refine objective tools for evaluating sleep in critically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociating the Effects of Light at Night from Circadian Misalignment in a Neurodevelopmental Disorder Mouse Model Using Ultradian Light-Dark Cycles.","authors":"Sophia Anne Marie B Villanueva, Huei-Bin Wang, Kyle Nguyen-Ngo, Caihan Tony Chen, Gemma Stark, Gene D Block, Cristina A Ghiani, Christopher S Colwell","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030048","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often experience sleep disturbances and are frequently exposed to light during nighttime hours. Our previous studies using the <i>Contactin-associated protein-like 2</i> (<i>Cntnap2</i>) knockout (KO) mouse model of NDDs demonstrated that nighttime light exposure adversely affected behavioral measures. In this study, we exposed wild-type (WT) and <i>Cntnap2</i> KO mice to an ultradian lighting cycle (T7), which alternates 3.5 h of light and 3.5 h of darkness, hypothesizing that this lighting protocol would mimic the impact of nighttime light exposure seen in standard light-dark cycles with dim light at night (DLaN). However, adult WT and <i>Cntnap2</i> KO mice held under the T7 cycle did not show the increased grooming behavior or reduced social interaction observed in <i>Cntnap2</i> KO mice exposed to DLaN. The T7 cycle lengthened the circadian period and weakened the rhythm amplitude without abolishing rhythmicity in either genotype. Finally, opposite to DLaN, neither the T7 cycle nor constant darkness (DD) elicited an increase in cFos expression in the basolateral amygdala. These results demonstrate that the adverse effects of nighttime light exposure in an NDD model depend on the extent of the circadian disruption rather than light exposure alone, emphasizing the importance of circadian stability as a protective factor in NDDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep, Physical Activity, and Executive Functions in Students: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Giulia Belluardo, Debora Meneo, Silvia Cerolini, Chiara Baglioni, Paola De Bartolo","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030047","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The school and university periods represent a critical phase in individuals' cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development. Numerous lifestyle factors can influence executive functions and high-level cognitive processes crucial for learning and behavioural adaptation. Sleep and physical activity are two variables that influence executive functions and that could be modified through behavioural interventions. Numerous scientific studies suggest that adequate sleep quality and duration are linked to improved cognitive performance. Similarly, regular physical exercise correlates with neurocognitive benefits. However, these two aspects of lifestyle are often compromised in students, resulting in attention difficulties, reduced working memory, and difficulty in inhibitory control, all aspects of non-optimal executive functioning. Even though the scientific literature separately explores \"sleep and executive functions\" and \"physical activity and executive functions\", few studies have integrated the two factors to assess their combined effect on executive functioning, particularly within the student population. The present narrative review aims to outline an integrated theoretical framework of existing scientific literature and to identify any knowledge gaps that may guide future research. It could provide relevant insights for designing preventive or promotional interventions to enhance students' cognitive performance and mental well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concussion Disrupts Sleep in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Suleyman Noordeen, Poh Wang, Anna E Strazda, Eszter Sara Arany, Mehmet Ergisi, Linghui Janice Yeo, Rebeka Popovic, Abinayan Mahendran, Mikail Khawaja, Kritika Grover, Mohammed Memon, Saahil Hegde, Connor S Qiu, Charles Oulton, Yizhou Yu","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030046","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concussions significantly impact sleep quality among adolescents. Despite increasing recognition of these effects, the complex relationship between adolescent concussions and sleep disturbances is still not fully understood and presents mixed findings. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess how concussions affect sleep-related symptoms in adolescents. We included papers presenting Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) differences following concussion in high school and collegiate patients, with sleep measures recorded following concussion. Animal studies, research on participants with conditions other than concussion, non-English articles and papers failing to present PSQI data were excluded. We searched MEDLINE^®, Embase^®, CINAHL, Web of Science™, PsycINFO^®, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases until 23 August 2024. In addition, we performed hand-searching of relevant reference lists and conference proceedings to identify further studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. In total, we considered 4477 studies, with nine meeting the inclusion criteria. Our analysis involved 796 participants, 340 of whom had experienced a concussion. Analysis was carried out using the meta and metafor packages in R (version 4.0.0). We showed a deterioration in sleep quality post-concussion, as evidenced by increased PSQI (standardised mean difference 0.84; 95% CI 0.53-1.16; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Subgroup and quality assessments confirmed the consistency of these findings. Since poor sleep quality impacts daytime activities, we analysed the relationship between concussion and daytime dysfunction. We showed that concussion is associated with a significant worsening of the daytime dysfunction score by 0.55 (95% CI 0.24-0.70; <i>p</i> = 0.006). We conclude that concussions impair both sleep quality and daytime functioning in adolescents. Our research underscores the need for systematic inclusion of sleep quality assessments in post-concussion protocols and calls for targeted interventions to manage sleep disturbances post-concussion to mitigate their broader impacts on daily functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Effects of Morning Bright Light on the Human White Adipose Tissue Transcriptome: Exploratory Post Hoc Analysis.","authors":"Anhui Wang, Jeroen Vreijling, Aldo Jongejan, Valentina S Rumanova, Ruth I Versteeg, Andries Kalsbeek, Mireille J Serlie, Susanne E la Fleur, Peter H Bisschop, Frank Baas, Dirk J Stenvers","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The circadian rhythm of the central brain clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is synchronized by light. White adipose tissue (WAT) is one of the metabolic endocrine organs containing a molecular clock, and it is synchronized by the SCN. Excess WAT is a risk factor for health issues including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). We hypothesized that bright-light exposure would affect the human WAT transcriptome. Therefore, we analyzed WAT biopsies from two previously performed randomized cross-over trials (trial 1: <i>n</i> = 8 lean, healthy men, and trial 2: <i>n</i> = 8 men with obesity and DM2). From 7:30 h onwards, all the participants were exposed to either bright or dim light. Five hours later, we performed a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy. RNA-sequencing results showed major group differences between men with obesity and DM2 and lean, healthy men as well as a differential effect of bright-light exposure. For example, gene sets encoding proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation or respiratory chain complexes were down-regulated under bright-light conditions in lean, healthy men but up-regulated in men with obesity and DM2. In addition to evident group differences between men with obesity and DM2 and healthy lean subjects, autonomic or neuroendocrine signals resulting from bright-light exposure also differentially affect the WAT transcriptome.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Quality and Patient Activation in Chronic Disease: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis.","authors":"Christian J Wiedermann, Verena Barbieri, Stefano Lombardo, Timon Gärtner, Klaus Eisendle, Giuliano Piccoliori, Adolf Engl, Dietmar Ausserhofer","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030044","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient activation enhances self-management of chronic illnesses, and sleep quality is vital for health. The link between activation and sleep quality and the mediating role of chronic diseases remain underexplored. This study examined the association between patient activation and sleep quality, variations across chronic disease groups, and whether chronic diseases mediate this relationship. A population-based cross-sectional survey in South Tyrol (Italy) included 2090 adults (55.0% response rate). Patient activation was measured using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-10), and sleep quality was measured using the Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI). The presence and number of chronic diseases were self-reported. Bivariate analyses, multiple linear regression, and mediation analyses (PROCESS) were performed. Among the participants, 918 (44%) reported at least one chronic disease. These individuals had poorer sleep (B-PSQI mean: 5.05 ± 3.26 vs. 3.66 ± 2.65; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and lower patient activation (PAM-10: 54.4 ± 12.7 vs. 57.2 ± 12.5; <i>p</i> < 0.001) than those without. A negative correlation between PAM-10 and B-PSQI was observed (r = -0.12, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with stronger associations in patients with hypertension and mental illness. In adjusted regressions, chronic disease, female sex, and older age predicted poorer sleep, whereas higher PAM-10 scores predicted better sleep. Mediation analyses showed that chronic disease partially mediated the relationship between patient activation and sleep quality, accounting for 4.7% to 6.3% of the total effect. Conclusions: Higher patient activation correlates with better sleep quality, although this relationship is partly mediated by the chronic disease burden. Sleep disturbances persist across chronic conditions, despite good self-management. These findings highlight the importance of adopting strategies to manage chronic diseases and sleep disturbances, acknowledging that while patient activation is statistically associated with sleep quality, the strength of this relationship is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Treatment of Secondary Hypersomnia Due to Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: A Case Report.","authors":"Vlad Bucurescu, Laure Peter-Derex, Maria Livia Fantini, Benjamin Putois","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030043","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypersomnia may be classified as primary or secondary, with secondary hypersomnia arising from a variety of underlying causes. Thus, according to ICSD3-TR classification, the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is established based on (1) excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS); (2) electrophysiological findings including either a mean sleep latency of less than 8 min on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) or increased total sleep (≥11 h) on 24 h polysomnography; and (3) systematic elimination of other potential etiologies, including sleep deprivation, substances, and medical, psychiatric (notably mood disorders), or sleep disorders. Nevertheless, the clinical heterogeneity observed in IH fuels an ongoing debate, reflecting the limited understanding of its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This report describes the case of a patient presenting with a clinical and polysomnographic phenotype of IH (MSLT < 8 min). A comprehensive psychopathological evaluation was performed to explore the possibility of secondary hypersomnia, which revealed features consistent with complex post-traumatic stress disorder (c-PTSD). Psychotherapy focused on c-PTSD was administered with positive and objective results in hypersomnolence/EDS. This clinical improvement suggests a potential relationship between psychological trauma and hypersomnia, a connection that is rarely described in the literature and warrants further investigation. This case highlights the need for a comprehensive assessment of secondary factors, particularly complex trauma, even in the presence of a clinical and polysomnographic phenotype consistent with IH.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygraphic Results in High-Risk Infants Aged Under 3 Months.","authors":"Daniel Zenteno, Gerardo Torres-Puebla, Camila Sánchez, Rocío Gutiérrez, María José Elso, Pablo E Brockmann","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep7030042","DOIUrl":"10.3390/clockssleep7030042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study described and analyzed the results of cardiorespiratory polygraphic studies in infants under three months who were hospitalized and monitored due to suspected apneas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study. Patients aged <3 months hospitalized from 2011 to 2023 were included. All were referred for suspected apneas, and cardiorespiratory polygraphies (PG) were conducted simultaneous to non-invasive monitoring. Demographic, PG, and diagnostic variables were recorded. PG values were obtained and compared between diagnostic groups. Association was evaluated according to diagnosis, prematurity, presence, and alteration type with Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and Fisher tests. Association between quantitative variables was assessed with Spearman's rho and the presence of alteration with binomial logistic regression. Analysis was performed with Jamovi v.2.3, and statistical significance was defined as <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 155 studies were included. Median age was 41.0 days (IQR 22.0-59.0), median gestational age was 38 weeks (IQR 32.0-42.0), and 52.3% were premature.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE) (58.1%), apnea of prematurity (27.1%), hypotonic syndrome (7.1%), laryngomalacia (LGM) (3.9%), and craniofacial alterations (CFA) (3.9%). Altered results in 21.9% polygraphies: 44.1% with AHI ≧ 5/h and 20.6% with SpO₂ ≦ 90% in >5% of the record. CFA and LGM patients had a higher risk of an altered polygraph than those with apnea of prematurity (OR 21.3/8.5) and BRUE (OR 35.9/14.3), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infants under three months of age referred for apnea showed often abnormal polygraphic indices, showing significant differences between diagnostic groups. Performance of sleep studies in these groups was feasible and allowed to confirm the presence of apneas and their level of severity. Particular attention should be considered in children with CFA and LMG, since their risk is significantly higher. Age-specific apnea patterns seem to be of interest, as this may possibly lead to future consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}