Virology & Immunology Journal最新文献

{"title":"KLF4 Protects Endothelial Cells against Senescence by Activating PDGF-BB/PDGFRA Pathway","authors":"C. F, Liu B","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000287","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To explore the role KLF4 plays in regulating senescence of endothelial cells and the specific mechanism of it. Main Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with glucose or angiotensin (Ang) II to induce senescence. Expressions of KLF4, PDGF-BB, PDGFRA and PDGFRB in normal and senescent HUVECs were assessed by mRNA-seq and protein microarray. KLF4/PDGF-BB/PDGFRA axis then was affected using sh-RNA. Fluorescent dual luciferase reporting system and EMSA were used to determine if KLF4 directly promoted transcription of PDGF-BB/PDGFRA. Senescence of aortic wall in wild type C57BL/6 mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and endothelial cells (ECs)- specific KLF4 knockout mice was assessed by SA-β-Gal staining. Key Findings: STZ-induced diabetes with high-fat diet and absence of endothelial KLF4 led to accelerated senescence of aortic vessel wall in mice. Whole mRNA-seq and protein microarray analysis revealed decreased expression of KLF4, PDGFBB, PDGFRA and PDGFRB in senescent HUVECs. Knock-in of KFL4, PDGF-BB or PDGFRA, but not PDGFRB, led to impaired senescence in glucose treated HUVECs, whereas knock-down of KLF4, PDGF-BB or PDGFRA directly accelerated senescence as revealed by greater proportion of positive SA-β-Gal staining, higher inflammatory factors level, more frequent G2/M cell cycle arrest and typical cellular nuclear senescent morphology. KLF4 directly promoted transcription activity of PDGF-BB/PDGFRA as revealed by fluorescent dual luciferase reporting system and EMSA. Incubation of HUVECs with PDGF-BB and PDGFRs vectors increased KLF4 expression. Significance: In diabetic mice models and glucose/Ang II-induced HUVECs, KLF4 protects endothelial cells against senescence by activating PDGF-BB/PDGFRA pathway","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology & Immunology Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121970843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Inflammatory Molecules in Tuberculosis and Sars Cov-2 Infection","authors":"Purkait P","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000286","url":null,"abstract":"The Hyper-inflammatory immune response is a chief reason for disease severity and mortality in patients. Generally, macrophages and dendritic cells sense and react to microbial or viral invasion by making inflammatory molecules that remove pathogens and help in tissue repair. During tuberculosis infection, alveolar macrophages activate alveolar dendritic cells, which move to lymph nodes. In lymph nodes, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cells and γδ T cells occur. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria further modify the host's immune system for their long survival period. Meanwhile, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects alveolar macrophages and releases inflammatory cytokine to produce and activate T-cells. MTB and SARS-CoV-2 infections together lead to an increase in the rate of pathogenesis. This type of co-infection in macrophages causes the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which further play an important role in immune-pathogenesis. However, the abnormal or dysregulated response of macrophages leads to harmful effects of the host, as observed in the macrophage activation syndrome induced by severe infections, including the virus SARSCoV-2. Unlike macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) act as antigen presenting cells. They connect innate and adaptive immunity cells. They are susceptible to cytokine-mediated activation and lead to cytokine production. The cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL6) is an important and unique molecule that can act pro- as well as anti-inflammatory and helps in the development and differentiation of macrophages associated with numerous inflammatory diseases. In this review paper, we have emphasized the vital pathological role of macrophages, dendritic cells and IL-6 in tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection and prospective therapeutic strategies based upon IL-6 as the main target for preventing the cytokine storm and associated organ failure.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology & Immunology Journal","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115941407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First and Preliminary Data about Sars-CoV-2 Serology among Asymptomatic Workers in Central African Republic","authors":"M. Cd","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000285","url":null,"abstract":"Context and Objectives: The pandemic induced by Sars-CoV-2 has disrupted the organization of work while its extent is not known in CAR. The objective of this study was to estimate the Sars-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the workplace in the Central African Republic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that took place at the Department of Occupational Medicine in Bangui. Asymptomatic workers who request to the Occupational Physician a medical certificate and consented were included in the study. A standard sheet was used to collect socio-demographic, professional and biological data. The serology of Sars-CoV-2 was based on 2 rapid immunochromatographic tests for detection of IgM and IgG separately: Covid-19 IgM / IgG Rapid Test (Cypress Diagnostics, Belgium) and Standard Q Covid-19 IgM / IgG Duo (SD Biosensor, Korea). Results: The seroprevalence of Sars-CoV-2 was 18.6% (CI [14.7-22.6]) including 1% positivity of IgM only, 1.0% of positivity of both IgM and IgG and 16.6% of positivity IgG only. Women (p = 0.001), young workers (<40 years; p = 0.01) and residents of Bangui (p = 0.05) were predominantly Sars-CoV-2 serological positive. Paradoxically, compliance with barrier measures was associated with a high Sars-CoV-2 seroprevalence (0.005). The group of health care workers, teachers and traders was more Sars-CoV-2 serological positive (0.0003) than other professions. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of Sars-CoV-2 remains low in CAR despite the progressive generalization of vaccination. The group of occupations with more Sars-CoV-2 seropositive people needs close monitoring and priority vaccination. Understanding the acceptability of vaccination, the kinetics of antibodies following vaccination and continue immunological surveillance in CAR require further studies.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131245588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models for the Study of the Effects of COVID-19 on Dermatological Health","authors":"Quintero Ml","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000288","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 and its impact on dermatological health were reviewed from theoretical and statistical frameworks in the present study. A cross-sectional and retrospective work was documented with a selection of sources indexed to Scopus, considering the period from 2019 to 2021, as well as the search by keywords. Approaches were discussed in order to outline a comprehensive model that considered the differences between the parties involved, as well as their relationships in a risk context. The proposal contributes to the state of the question in terms of the prediction of contingencies derived from the probability and affectation of dermatological health","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133956264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Insight into Antibody Evasion of SARS-Cov-2 Omicron Variant","authors":"S. N","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000289","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate and evolve with the emergence of omicron as the new variant of concern. The omicron variant has a large set of mutations occurring in the gene encoding spike protein. About half of these mutations are specifically located in the receptor binding domain (RBD), reflecting their significance in ACE2 interaction and antibody recognition. We have carried out the present study to understand how these mutations structurally impact the binding of the antibodies to their target epitope. We have computationally evaluated the binding of different RBD targeted antibodies, namely, CB6 (etesevimab), REGN10933 (casirivimab), S309 (sotrovimab), and S2X259 to the omicron mutation-induced RBD. All the four antibodies show reduced binding affinity towards the omicron RBD. The therapeutic antibody CB6 aka etesevimab was substantially affected due to numerous omicron mutations occurring in its target epitope. This study provides a structural insight into the reduced efficacy of RBD targeting antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125770479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuban Approaches to Climate and Health Studies in Tropics Early Warning System and Learned Lessons","authors":"Ortiz Pl","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000282","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases are sensitive to variations and climate change, causing impacts on health systems in the countries. Current climatic conditions favor the appearance of outbreaks and the circulation of new viruses such as SARS COV2. To alert such dangers, the creation of specialized warning systems for the health sector from climatic conditions is currently a global priority. This requires intense collaboration between medical and environmental communication, with new work approaches and methods for forecasting, using integrated climatic and epidemiological information. The objective of this publication is to show the advances and experience of Cuban research and projections, in terms of approaches and methodological procedures for the studies of the relationships between climate and health for forecasting purposes. An Early Warning System for infectious diseases and their causative agents was created. This warning system strengthens the health sector surveillance system for decision-making","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134131515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sars-Cov-2- Infection in Pregnancy","authors":"Syed W","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116824082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Ezetimibe in the Treatment of Ebola","authors":"K. A.","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000281","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this article, we are looking for treatment for Ebola virus. We will do it using a cholesterol-lowering drug called Ezetimibe. Methods: Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers are severe, systemic viral diseases affecting humans and non-human primates. They are characterized by multiple symptoms such as hemorrhages, fever, headache, muscle and abdominal pain, chills, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Elevated liver-associated enzyme levels and coagulopathy are also associated with these diseases. Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers are caused by (Lake Victoria) Marburg virus and different species of Ebola viruses, respectively. They are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses and belong to the family of filoviridae. Case fatality rates of filovirus disease outbreaks are among the highest reported for any human pathogen, ranging from 25 to 90% or more. But when Ezetimibe is given to patients with the Ebola virus, we see that the drug blocks the transmission of the virus to the body by delivering the virus to the immune system. Results: In this article are paid to effect of drug Ezetimibe in the treatment of disease Ebola.NPC1L1 carry Ebola virus that by Ezetimibe, NPC1L1 disabled and cannot carry the virus with you. In fact, this drug (Ezetimibe) is a supplier of antigen to antibodies. We will also look at the function of the NPC1L1 and NPC1 receptors and the drug Ezetimibe. Conclusions: Ezetimibe has a higher affinity for NPC1L1 receptor than cholesterol, and cholesterol has a higher affinity for NPC1L1 receptor than Ebola virus. In fact, if we want to show the percentage of desire for NPC1L1 receptor, it is as follows: Ezetimibe> Cholesterol> Ebola virus","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123092283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Analysis of the First Virological Evidence of a Human Case of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Nigeria","authors":"Bukbuk Dn","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000276","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies in both humans and animals in Nigeria have presented evidence for the endemicity of CCHFV in Nigeria. In spite of the aforementioned, there has been no confirmed human case of CCHF infection in Nigeria. We present a study giving the first serologic and virological evidence of CCHF in a 15-year-old female, She was admitted in March 2012 into the female medical ward of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, a tertiary health facility in northeastern Nigeria with a 6 day history of fever, body pain, bloody diarrhoea, and epistaxis. She resides in a peri-urban settlement in old Maiduguri located not far from a major municipal abattoir in Maiduguri, the capital city of Borno state, Nigeria. The abattoir serves as the major animal slaughter house within Maiduguri city. Animals (Camel, Cattle, Goat and Sheep) are brought from within the Stat Borno), neighbouring states and mostly from neighbouring countries such as Cameroun, Chad, Niger, and as far as Sudan, Central Africa. The RNA extracted from this sample (N428) was further characterized by next generation sequencing (NGS) which resulted in complete S, M, and L viral RNA segment sequences. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the S-segment in the Africa 3 clade or phylogenetic group. The S-segment open-reading frame showed close homology with a previous isolate of CCHFV from Nigeria (IbAr10200), as well as isolates from Mauritania (ArD39554) and South Africa (SPU415/85 and SPU128/61/7). The M and L clustered closely with the Sudan ABI-2009 isolate and the Nigeria IbAr10200. The L, M, and S sequences were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers KX238956, KX238957 and KX238958 respectively. This genomic analysis provides the first published evidence of a human case of CCHFV in Nigeria and its phylogenetic context.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126403937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Covid Calamity, the Human Life, and the Surviving Hope","authors":"N. V","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000275","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction - Ongoing Covid-19 Calamity: As a disease, COVID-19 is still in the pandemic phase because infections continue to increasingly occur world-wide and various population groups are still susceptible. It is likely that the SARS-CoV-2 will not be eradicated but become endemic and continue to circulate and cause infections in pockets of the global populations for years to come. It may evolve into more transmissible and virulent forms with novel mutations and variants, and associated factors may worsen the overall scenario with involvement of newer population groups and world regions. Mutations, Variants and Immune Escape: The unabated prevalence increases risk of mutations, as the virus has more chances to mutate. Further, in areas where the incidence rates are high, selection pressures favour the emergence of variants that evade neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, as population groups receive vaccination, immune pressure is conjectured to facilitate and speed up the emergence of such variants by selecting for escape mutants. In due course, these selected variants would replace previous versions of the virus propelling the pandemic or the endemic disease later on. Associated Uncertainties with SARS-CoV-2: There are various associated uncertainties with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the disease it causes. Due to evolving genomic changes, the virus elicits erratic and labile immune response. Simultaneously, the host factors are highly variable and largely uncontrollable. Further, the control measures and available vaccines for COVID-19 may not reduce the prevalence of infections drastically for multiple reasons. These epidemiological drivers would lead to persistence of the virus and endemicity of the disease interspersed by periodic outbreaks and re-emergence. The Human Life during Covid-19 Pandemic: With COVID-19 becoming an endemic disease, the SARS-CoV-2 virus would be first encountered during childhood, typically causing mild manifestations or none. The population groups will develop some immunity through natural infection or vaccination and may not suffer with severe illness, except in those with comorbid conditions or immune-compromised states, and the disease course would depend on evolving variants, efficacy of vaccines, and nature of immunity to the virus. The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may remain a myth and with individual immunity being labile and waning after 6-8 months, booster doses of updated vaccine will be required at regular intervals. Future Scenario and Search for Solutions: To mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus, various countries have implemented a wide range of control measures from time to time and likely to resort to, in future as well. There is need for genotyping and genomic sequencing capability for quick and effective utilization of epidemiological data. Simultaneously, the large deployment of COVID-19 vaccines under way needs a rapid and effective global effort. The next-generation vaccines may stimulate","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"339 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123419065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}