Virology & Immunology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Activity of the MethanolMethylene Chloride Extract of Parkia Biglobosa Jacq Benth. (Fabaceae) Stem Bark in Mice","authors":"Onwuka Am","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000246","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to assess the effect of methanol/methylene chloride extract (MME) of Parkia biglobosa stem bark on specific and non-specific immune responses in rodents. Adult Swiss albino mice (20-35 g) of either sex were divided into five groups (n=5) and treated for 10 days. The effect of MME on adaptive immunity was evaluated using neutrophil adhesion test and cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia while mice lethality test was used to evaluate its effect on non-specific immunity. Results of the neutrophil adhesion test showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in neutrophil adhesion at 250 mg/kg. However, there was decrease in neutrophil adhesion at 500mg/kg and 750 mg/kg respectively. The extract also gave no significant protection from cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. The oral LD50 of the extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg and considered to be relatively safe. The findings above show that the stem barks extract of the plant enhanced some aspects of specific immunity and therefore to some extent, hold promise for use as an immunostimulatory agent though it may not offer good protection from the effect of cyclophosphamide on the haematopoietic system.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127084317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus in Human Health","authors":"O. A.","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000247","url":null,"abstract":"Virus discovery as submicroscopic entities, data from the end of the 19th century, which marked the beginning of a new research discipline, the viruses study. Since then, the presence of viruses has been found in cancer and in multiple diseases whose origin was unknown. Viruses have shown their great potential in triggering infections, causing pandemics at a high cost to society as the Spanish Flu in 1918. The challenge of acting at the health emergency due to the outbreak of diseases caused by new viruses, has led to research with the application of new technologies, in order to find strategies, diagnostic methods, treatment and development of vaccines.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116562484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19: A Hypothetical View on Infection","authors":"D. M.","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000245","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses are a large group of related RNA viruses causing illness in animals or humans [1]. In humans, several coronaviruses cause respiratory infections ranging from mild such as common cold to more severe diseases with a possible lethal outcome, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS ) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 )","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132654295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative COVID-19 infectiousness estimate correlating with viral shedding and culturability suggests 68% pre-symptomatic transmissions","authors":"M. Prakash","doi":"10.1101/2020.05.07.20094789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.07.20094789","url":null,"abstract":"A person clinically diagnosed with COVID 19 can infect others for several days before and after the onset of symptoms. At the epidemiological level, this information on how infectious someone is lies embedded implicitly in the serial interval data. Other clinical indicators of infectiousness based on the temporal kinetics of the viral shedding from the nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum show the former decaying weeks sooner than the latter. In this work, we attempt to provide a better quantitative estimate for the temporal infectiousness profile using serial interval data from a combined 1251 individuals reported in the literature. We show that the infectiousness profile which we calculate correlates well with the viral shedding kinetics from nasopharyngeal swabs (rho=0.97, p=0.00) and culturability (rho=0.83, p=0.01). The profile suggests that a 68.4% (95% CI: 67.0-69.7%) of the infections are caused by infections before the symptoms appear, which is a much stronger pre-symptomatic influence than what was predicted in the literature 44% (95% CI: 25-69%) using serial data from 77 individuals.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121929877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Interleukin 6 (IL6) and 8(IL8) among Women with Spontaneous Abortion in Khartoum State 2018","authors":"Mohamed Fa","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000239","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Interleukin 6 and Inetrleukin 8 are secreted by macrophage and have been shown to exert deleterious effects on pregnancy, inhibiting fetal growth and development. Possible immunologic causes of spontaneous miscarriages have been extensively researched. The change in the cytokines balance synthesis in favor of those synthesized by macrophage cells with an increase of interleukin 6 and interleukin8 secretion is considered essential for maintaining a normal pregnancy. Aim: To determine the level of cytokines (interleukin6 and interleukin8 ) in pregnant and aborted women to assess the role of cytokines (IL 6 and IL8 ) as a factor to predict the outcome of pregnancy and To compare between serum interleukin 6 and 8 in women with spontaneous abortion and pregnant women. Method: This across sectional study tested using Five ml of venus blood were collected from patients with abortion and healthy pregnant and non-pregnant control in plain container. All samples were centrifugated at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes and seperated sera were collected in sterile tubes. Serum was treated according to uniform standards and stored at – 20 refrigerators until analysed. Serum IL 6 and IL8 were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) .All samples were run according to manufacturer instructions (Human IL, Bio legend, USA) with linearity range 0.94- 60.0 pg/ml. Results: There is a highly significant increase of control of pregnant women (P<0.01) in concentration of IL6 (6.8 ±5.1)pg/ml in compare to aborted women in different trimesters of pregnancy. Whereas healthy control non pregnant women show highly significant decrease in concentration (1.6 ±0.65)pg/ml compared to abortion patients. The results of this study showed there was a highly significant increased (P<0.01) concentration of IL-8 (26.5 ±13.1) pg/ml in serum of aborted women in trimesters of pregnancy,compared with control group of non-pregnant women which were(6.9 ±0.93) while control group of pregnant women show slightly significance increased(P<0.01) concentration (31.1 ±14.1)pg/ml compared with aborted women. Conclusion: The serum level of interleukin 6 and 8 was significantly higher in pregnant women as compared to aborted women .The serum level of interleukin6 and 8 in aborted women was significantly higher as compared to non-pregnant women. The results indicated there is no clarify association between cytokines (IL6 and IL8) and abortion.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121695823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could SARS-Cov-2 Establish Persistent Infection in a Certain Population of Infected Individuals","authors":"Ikuta K","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000235","url":null,"abstract":"Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent for a new type of pneumonia (COVID-19) that firstly appeared in Wuhan, China, in December, 2019. The virus spread globally throughout the world within just three months next to its eruption, according to the Center for System Science and Engineering (CSSE), Johns Hopkins University, with nearly 2 million infected as of April 14, 2020, and nearly 120,000 deaths.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124836902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Holistic Review on Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine the AntiParasitic Therapeutics","authors":"A. A","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000233","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have driven attention as potential anti-parasitic therapeutics with extended influences against other various medical conditions. Recently, these drugs were presented against the pandemic of COVID-19. In addition, there is a growing data concerning the resistance to the traditional anti-parasitic regimens. Here, we introduce a general descriptive review to demonstrate (1) a rapid historical view for these drugs, (2) their pharmacokinetics, (3) mode of action and how this affected malaria and whether it can applied in other parasitic diseases or not, and (4) their medical manipulations in other medical conditions involving COVID-19 in the top of the list. The review also tried to introduce their limitations of usage in accordance to previous in vitro and clinical settings. We call for further development in their formula for less toxic and more effective pharmaceutical versions.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125443083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Video/Listening Content Transcripts in English for Coronavirus Awareness and Information","authors":"Saka Ne","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000230","url":null,"abstract":"Triangulation of data through a variety of data sources (data from multiple sources) / different angles /perspectives enriches the analysis of findings and validates the results of a study. Buch, et al. [1] defines data triangulation as “the elicitation of different types of data sources at dfferent times and situations.”","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134144903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas-Phase Isotopic Immunometry based on Reflectron-Assisted in Situ Detection of Products of Gas Chromatographic Separation of Antibodies and Antigens","authors":"Pankratov Sk","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000228","url":null,"abstract":"The system for gas-phase immunometric measurements with isotopic resolution is proposed. This system based on the reflectron-based Finnigan MAT mass spectrometer can be used in combination with gas chromatograph or gasliquid chromatographic device. The IMMUNOREFLECTRON-2016 project has been quickly closed for the organizational administrative reasons, and all the schemes are now confined in the room where this project has been started. Consequently, it is only possible to propose the variants of similar research and development task solutions in different conditions.","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117281388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriophage Therapy: An Alternative Approach to Antibiotic Therapy","authors":"Pundir Rk","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000227","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide spread of pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to a variety of antibiotics and the significant problems involved with their control threaten to reduce modern medicine to a state reminiscent of the pre-antibiotic era","PeriodicalId":334586,"journal":{"name":"Virology &amp; Immunology Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134216535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}