International Journal of Biological Macromolecules最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable starch-microcellulose composite hydrogels for efficient removal of heavy metals from water.","authors":"Talles B da Costa, Paulo H Camani, Rafaela R Ferreira, Alana G Souza, Melissa G A Vieira, Derval Dos S Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work investigates the development of sustainable composite hydrogels based on corn starch and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) derived from eucalyptus sawdust for the removal of copper from aqueous environments. The incorporation of MFC into the starch matrix reduced solubility from 55.2 % to 36.4 %, increased true density from 1.466 to 1.525 g/cm³, and decreased surface area with increasing MFC content (from 4.010 to 1.814 m²/g). The MFC presented the following metallic affinity order: Cu²⁺ > Mn³⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Cr⁶⁺. Adsorption experiments showed enhanced Cu²⁺ removal with increasing MFC content, with the Starch/MFC-5 % hydrogel achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 52.4 % and sorption capacity of 0.258 mmol/g. Langmuir isotherms provided the best fit to the equilibrium data (R² = 0.998), and the Dubinin-Radushkevich analysis indicated a shift from physisorption (E = 2.42 kJ/mol) to chemisorption (E = 8.11 kJ/mol). Kinetics equilibrium time was reached between 480 and 780 min, with best description by pseudo second-order model. The reuse of hydrogel was achieved for up to four sorption/desorption cycles. The mechanisms of Cu²⁺ sorption involved interactions with the functional groups present on the materials and cation exchange. These results confirm that starch/MFC hydrogels are promising, low-cost, and biodegradable materials for the efficient removal of metal ions from contaminated water.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"144710"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional fucoidan and folic acid-functionalised yttrium oxide nanoparticles: A novel approach for anti-cancer, antibacterial, larvicidal and environmental remediation.","authors":"Karthikeyan Kandhasamy, Santhosh Kumar Chinnaiyan, Karthiyayini Balakrishnan, Nandhini Baskaran, Sajad Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosynthesis of nanoparticles offers eco-friendly and biocompatible solutions for biomedical and environmental applications. This study aimed to biosynthesis of yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y₂O₃NPs) from star anise biomolecules, further functionalized with fucoidan (Fu) and folic acid (Fa) to produce FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs. Analytical characterization techniques such as FE-SEM, FT-IR used to identify functional groups, the DLS analysis revealed that Y₂O₃NPs particles size 82 ± 0.4 nm and functionalizing increased size of FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs have a diameter of 91 ± 0.9 nm, indicating effective Fu-Fa coating on the surface nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the zeta potential (ζ) of Y₂O₃NPs was -20.4 mV, while FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs was +27.2 mV. HR-TEM examination of FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs confirms morphological changes, including growing size and layer development. The Y₂O₃NPs have a crystalline structure, whereas FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs have an amorphous structure as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cytotoxicity was evaluated against cancer cell lines such as A549 lung cancer and HeLa cervical cancer. The FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs showed enhanced anticancer activity with IC₅₀ values of 45.23 ± 18 μg/mL (A549) and 43.32 ± 3.8 μg/mL (HeLa), compared to 58.69 ± 2.5 μg/mL and 57.60 ± 2.4 μg/mL respectively for Y₂O₃NPs. The fluorescence staining (AO/EB, Hoechst, JC-1) indicated dose-dependent apoptosis, nuclear abnormalities, and mitochondrial dysfunction, while comet assay confirmed DNA damage. These results suggest that FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs effectively induce apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways. Antibacterial studies demonstrated significant inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus growth treated by FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs through membrane disruption, leading to cytoplasmic leakage and morphological damage. In addition, FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs exhibited potent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, causing significant histopathological damage also under sunlight irradiation, the carcinogenic dye Congo red treated with FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs showed a stronger photocatalytic degradation of 79.15 % as compared to 69.24 % for dye treated with Y₂O₃NPs. This study demonstrated FuFa/Y₂O₃NPs as a promising multi-functional platform for anti-cancer, biomedical and environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"144761"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous biodegradable biomass composites based on cationic starch and plant fibers.","authors":"Tao Wang, Yanhui Li, Zhikang Su, Yukun Hao, Xinlin Li, Maocheng Ji, Sixian Peng, Shen Wang, Fangyi Li, Chuanwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of eco-friendly, lightweight, and biodegradable composite materials using starch and plant fibers as raw materials to replace petroleum-based plastics has been a major research focus in the field of green materials. However, the foaming process of biomass materials is significantly affected by starch viscosity, as the inherently low viscosity of native corn starch (NS) restricts bubble growth. In this study, cationic starch (CS) was synthesized using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC). The introduction of trim-ethyl-ammonium ions into the starch molecular chains enhanced electrostatic interactions in solution, leading to molecular chain aggregation and an increase in starch viscosity. Additionally, the positively charged starch chains established electrostatic bonds with negatively charged plant fibers, thereby improving starch-fiber adhesion, optimizing the foaming effect, and enhancing the mechanical performance of the biomass composite material. Viscosity analysis revealed that CS exhibited a sixfold increase in viscosity compared to NS, while the viscosity of the biomass composite slurry increased by 1.4 times. The tensile strength of CS improved by 30 %, and its compressive strength increased by 89 %. Furthermore, the apparent density of the composite material suggested a notable improvement in foaming efficiency, while both sound insulation and thermal insulation properties demonstrated significant enhancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"144714"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The regulatory module consisting of KNOTTED1-like homeobox 6, Homeobox-leucine zipper 14, and BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 2 is involved in shoot development and lateral branching in citrus","authors":"Ren-Fang Zeng ,&nbsp;Si-Fan Hu ,&nbsp;Xue Tian ,&nbsp;Zhi-Qun Zhong ,&nbsp;Yu Qi ,&nbsp;Luo Deng ,&nbsp;Jing-Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Meng-Meng Ma ,&nbsp;Xu-Ming Huang ,&nbsp;Chun-Gen Hu ,&nbsp;Hui-Cong Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Zhi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) family transcription factors (TFs) are important regulatory factors in plant growth and development, participating in various aspects of developmental regulation. In this study, we demonstrate that the citrus <em>KNOX</em> gene 6 (<em>CiKN6</em>) regulates shoot branch development. Overexpression of <em>CiKN6</em> in citrus plants resulted in a significant phenotype characterized by increased branching and shortened shoots. Expression analysis revealed that <em>CiKN6</em> was predominantly expressed in the stems. Protein interaction studies showed that CiKN6 interacted with Homeobox-leucine zipper 14 (CiHOX14). Furthermore, we discovered that CiHOX14 specifically binds to the <em>BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 2</em> (<em>CiBOP2</em>) promoter and enhances its expression. Overexpression of <em>CiBOP2</em> led to increased branching and shortened shoots in Arabidopsis and citrus, while suppression of <em>CiBOP2</em> expression resulted in increased plant height in citrus. Additionally, we identified a TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF TF, CiTCP15, that promotes <em>CiBOP2</em> expression by binding to its promoter. Lastly, qRT-PCR assays demonstrate that the expression of <em>CiKN6</em> and <em>CiHOX14</em> was upregulated by CiBOP2 through feedback regulation. These findings suggest that the CiKN6-CiHOX14 complex, along with CiBOP2, interact to regulate shoot development and branching in citrus, providing new insights into the roles of homeobox proteins in citrus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 144782"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated in vitro fermentation, transcriptomics and enzymatic property analyses uncover interaction between polysaccharide from the fruits of Lycium barbarum and Bacteroides ovatus","authors":"Jinghong Wei ,&nbsp;Wangting Zhou ,&nbsp;Wei Yi ,&nbsp;Jiameng Shi ,&nbsp;Yamei Yan ,&nbsp;Jia Mi ,&nbsp;Lu Lu ,&nbsp;Youlong Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiong Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysaccharides from the fruits of <em>Lycium barbarum</em> L. (LBPs) are the principal active constituents of L. <em>barbarum</em>, and it has been reported that LBPs exert regulatory effects on the gut microbiota, particularly in promoting the growth of <em>Bacteroides</em>. In this study, the <em>in vitro</em> anaerobic fermentation revealed that LBPs-4, a purified fraction of the crude LBPs, increased the relative abundances of 11 <em>Bacteroides</em> species, particularly <em>B. ovatus</em>. Results of the pure cultures indicated <em>B. ovatus</em>, <em>B. thetaiotaomicron</em>, <em>B. fragilis</em> and <em>B. uniformis</em> could effectively utilize LBPs-4 for their own growth. Transcriptome analysis of <em>B. ovatus</em> indicated that the degradation of LBPs-4 involved the up-regulation of three polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). Among them, <em>Bovatus</em>_00022 in PUL1, which belongs to the GH28 family and is annotated as a polygalacturonase, is one of the major carbohydrate-active enzymes in the metabolism of LBPs-4. <em>BO</em>PG00022 was preliminarily confirmed to be effective in the degradation <em>via</em> the hydrolysis analysis. In conclusion, this study provided significant insights into the degradation mechanism of LBPs-4 employing gut microflora or enzymes as targets, providing a theoretical basis for the precise utilization and structural verification of complex glycans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 144786"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual cyp17a1/a2 knockout unveils paralog-specific steroid pathways in fish reproduction","authors":"Lanying Yang,&nbsp;You Wu,&nbsp;Yiyun Du,&nbsp;Maolin Ye,&nbsp;Yanbin Zhang,&nbsp;Deshou Wang,&nbsp;Linyan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyp17a is a key enzyme in steroidogenesis and reproduction in vertebrates. In teleosts, two paralogous genes, <em>cyp17a1</em> and <em>cyp17a2</em>, have been identified, and while the potential impact of mutations in these genes have been studied, a comprehensive comparative analysis of their regulatory mechanisms in teleost reproduction remains lacking. In this study, we established a double mutant (dko) of <em>cyp17a1</em> and <em>cyp17a2</em> and conducted a transcriptome analysis of their gonads to systematically investigate the differences in steroidogenesis and gene expression between the two genes. Phenotypic analysis revealed that both <em>cyp17a1</em>^−/− and dko mutants exhibited a reduced gonadosomatic index, abnormal Leydig cell proliferation, and male infertility. RNA sequencing of the testes identified 2688 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with significant variations between the mutants and wild-type males. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were enriched in pathways related to steroid biosynthesis, HIF-1, PPAR, and Hippo signaling. Furtherly, steroid profiling confirmed <em>cyp17a1</em>^−/−-specific androgen and estrogen deficiency (T, 11-KT, E1, and E2), while revealing dko-specific deficiencies in DHP, cortisol, and cortisone, alongside an overaccumulation of corticosterone, highlighting paralog-specific substrate preferences. These findings underscore the Cyp17a paralogs as critical regulators of testicular metabolic-transport networks, thereby offering insights into male infertility linked to steroid biosynthesis defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 144772"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on molecular mechanism and functional properties of non-covalently binding between whey protein and chlorogenic acid","authors":"Ling Li ,&nbsp;Xin-Xin Yu ,&nbsp;Hong-Fu Zhao ,&nbsp;Bo-Kang Yu ,&nbsp;Ying-Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Shen Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated non-covalent conjugation of chlorogenic acid (CGA) with three whey proteins. Structural modifications were characterized through spectroscopic analyses, while functional properties were assessed by evaluating antioxidant capacity, bio-accessibility, and taste profiles. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidated interaction mechanisms. FTIR analysis revealed CGA-induced secondary structure alterations: α-lactalbumin (α-La) exhibited increased β-sheet content (10.64 %) with decreased β-turn (8.41 %), indicating structural compaction. Conversely, β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) showed reduced α-helix (8.54 %) and β-sheet (10.61 %) contents but increased β-turn (10.09 %) and random coil (7.55 %), suggesting structural destabilization. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) demonstrated the most pronounced structural disorder. Fluorescence and UV spectra indicated stronger static quenching of β-Lg by CGA compared to α-La. Molecular dynamics confirmed stable CGA binding to all three proteins. CGA conjugation significantly enhanced the proteins' antioxidant activities. Notably, CGA bioaccessibility improved by 29.72 %, 30.43 %, and 16.81 % when complexed with α-La, β-Lg, and GMP, respectively. Additionally, astringency was reduced through competitive inhibition of CGA-salivary protein interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 144768"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methacrylated-κ-carrageenan/hydroxyapatite composite bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting: Physicochemical, rheological, mechanical, and in vitro biological investigations","authors":"Seyithan Kansız ,&nbsp;Murat Taner Vurat ,&nbsp;Mahmut Parmaksiz ,&nbsp;Ayşe Eser Elçin ,&nbsp;Yaşar Murat Elçin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite hydrogels are of interest in modulating the rheological properties of bioinks for extrusion-based 3D-bioprinting. In this study, new composite bioinks composed of different levels of methacrylated κ-carrageenan (κ-Car-L-MA, κ-Car-M-MA, and κ-Car-H-MA) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) were prepared and evaluated for extrusion-based 3D-bioprinting applications, focusing on printability, mechanical and physicochemical properties. The methacrylation degree and incorporation of HAp were found to significantly affect the printing performance of bioinks. Semi-quantitative printability assessment revealed that κ-Car-M-MA and κ-Car-M-MA-HAp bioinks exhibited optimal printability. The mechanical behavior of the bioinks appeared to depend on the methacrylation degree, which affects compressive modulus and toughness. Bioprinting studies were conducted to create a bilayer model using human adipose-derived stem cells and an almost two-fold increase in cell viability in the printed constructs was observed on the seventh day of culture. The findings suggest that the developed bioink composition demonstrates significant potential for 3D-bioprinting-based biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 144745"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging insights on the ultrasonication assisted modification of multi-scale structure-digestibility relationships in starches: A review.","authors":"Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Safiullah Virk, Abdur Rehman, Liya Liu, Jawad Ashraf, Benxi Wei, Qiufang Liang, Husnain Raza, Yufan Sun, Mingming Zhong, Junxia Wang, Haile Ma, Xiaofeng Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inherent properties of native starches impose limitations on their applicability in food contexts due to their susceptibility to processing conditions. Similarly, modifying starches is crucial for improving their functionality. The relationship between the structure and digestibility dynamics of starches remains a significant area of interest. Ultrasonication (ULS) is considered a potentially effective method for improving the structural properties and functionalities of starch-based foods; however, a complete understanding of the multi-scale structure-digestibility relationship of starch exposed to ULS remains unclear. The cutting-edge structural technologies opted for ULS-modified starches encompass small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), chromatographic techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Additionally, the existing literature indicates that ULS promotes the breakdown of double helices, disrupts the amorphous structure, and modifies chain length, which increases susceptibility to gelatinization and eventually enhances the digestibility of starches in the human gastrointestinal tract. All the fundamental parameters employed to investigate the structure of starch particles are meticulously outlined, encompassing the morphological dimensions, structural interactions, and composition of starch particles, which have been enclosed and tabulated well in the present review. Moreover, the impact of ULS on the structural modification and enhancement of five different known types of resistant starches (RS1-5) are discussed. Furthermore, this study ultimately provides valuable insights into the influence of ULS on the comprehensive effect on digestibility, which are intricately associated with the nutritional value of starchy foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"144759"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic multi-crosslinked networks in chitosan/Gallic acid/Fe3+ composite biofilms with high UV resistance and antioxidant properties","authors":"Hong Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Bo Ren,&nbsp;Xiaodong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food spoilage leads to plenty of food being wasted every year. Safe and multifunctional food preservation packaging is urgently required to prevent food from contamination. Chitosan/gallic acid/Fe³⁺ (CSGA-Fe³⁺) composite films were synthesized by incorporating gallic acid (GA) and Fe³⁺ into a chitosan solution. The integration of GA forms covalent and hydrogen bonds with chitosan, whereas Fe³⁺ addition establishes metal-ligand interactions with both chitosan and GA, resulting in a film characterized by a multi-crosslinked network structure. This multi-crosslinked system substantially enhanced the material's mechanical properties and increased resistance to oxidation and ultraviolet degradation. The data indicate that the mechanical strength of chitosan/gallic acid (CSGA) films, with an inclusion of 0.3 mmol of GA, improved by 37.5 % over pure chitosan (CS) films. Moreover, the mechanical strength of the CSGA-Fe³⁺ films saw a significant increase of 124.2 %, escalating from 1.32 MPa to 17.72 MPa. Additionally, the free radical scavenging capacities of the CSGA and CSGA-Fe³⁺ films rose by 279.4 % and 255.0 %, respectively, compared to the pure CS film. The UV-blocking efficacy of the CSGA-Fe³⁺ films, evaluated at 365 nm, reached 84.9 %. The water contact angle of the CSGA-1.5Fe³⁺ film increased by 18.08 % compared to the CS film. This study provides innovative ideas to promote the broader application of safe and multifunctional chitosan-based composite films in food preservation packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 144686"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}