{"title":"Tannic acid–enhanced complex coacervate microcapsules based on whey protein isolate and hyaluronic acid for the protection of Lactobacillus paracasei and their application in goat milk yogurt","authors":"Yuanye Liu, Hongcai Li, Mengxin Hou, Zhenpeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotic microcapsules often encounter adverse conditions during processing and storage. This study improved the performance of <em>Lactobacillus paracasei</em> (LP) microcapsules by incorporating tannic acid (TA) into a whey protein isolate (WPI)–hyaluronic acid (HA) complex coacervation system. The optimal conditions were a WPI-to-HA ratio of 10:1, pH 3.6, and 0.06 % TA relative to WPI. Coacervate formation was driven by electrostatic interactions, while TA further enhanced hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in a denser network. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the most compact structure for the WPI-TA-HA complex. The resulting WPI-TA-HA-L microcapsules achieved the highest encapsulation efficiency (76.36 %) and freeze-drying survival (93.2 %), with suitable moisture content (2.87 %) and hygroscopicity (12.44 %), thereby improving storage stability. Compared with free LP, WPI-TA-HA-L showed markedly higher tolerance to adverse conditions: viability remained at 8.34 log CFU/mL in 0.5 % bile salts and 5.43 log CFU/mL after heating at 80 °C for 300 s, and differential scanning calorimetry showed the highest melting temperature (119.93 °C), confirming superior thermal stability. In vitro digestion further demonstrated enhanced acid resistance. When applied to goat milk yogurt, WPI-TA-HA-L maintained probiotic viability, improved gel properties, reduced syneresis and post-acidification, and enhanced sensory acceptance, highlighting its potential for functional dairy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148151"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahkar Usama , Abdur Rauf , Zubair Ahmad , Imran Ullah , Cai-Hong Zhan , Taghrid S. AlOmar , Najla Almasoud , Amir Saeed , Arshad Iqbal
{"title":"Carboxymethyl cellulose embedded silica membrane impregnated with ZVI NPs for the catalytic detoxification of methyl orange dye and its kinetic and optimization studies","authors":"Shahkar Usama , Abdur Rauf , Zubair Ahmad , Imran Ullah , Cai-Hong Zhan , Taghrid S. AlOmar , Najla Almasoud , Amir Saeed , Arshad Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer composites, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and silica-coated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCSi) were used as supports for zero-valent iron nanoparticles (Fe<sup>0</sup> NPs), yielding dip-catalysts represented as CMC@Fe<sup>0</sup> and CMCSi@Fe<sup>0</sup>. The catalysts were created through the adsorption of Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions on the polymer matrices, with the subsequent chemical reduction with NaBH<sub>4</sub> in aqueous solution. Using FTIR, XRD, and FESEM, structural and morphological topographies were characterized. The composite's catalytic efficiency was evaluated through the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. CMCSi@Fe<sup>0</sup> and CMC@Fe<sup>0</sup> achieved 89.4 % and 85.0 % degradation in 8 and 13 min. Kinetic modeling disclosed that CMCSi@Fe<sup>0</sup> followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.921, <em>k</em><sub>app</sub> = 4.44 min<sup>−1</sup>), where CMC@Fe<sup>0</sup> best fitted a zero-order (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.917). The impact of reaction parameters, including temperature, NaBH<sub>4</sub> concentration, MO concentration, and pH, was thoroughly explored. At elevated temperature, acidic pH, and higher NaBH<sub>4</sub> dosage, optimal degradation occurred. These findings validate that CMC@Fe<sup>0</sup> and CMCSi@Fe<sup>0</sup> membranes not only act as effective catalysts for dye detoxification but also hold the potential for water filtration and functional group transformation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148162"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huiping Zeng , Guoyang Ma , Xiaoying Zheng , Da Lin , Jie Zhang , Dong Li
{"title":"Preparation, application and regeneration of chitosan composite adsorbents for arsenic removal: A review from a sustainable perspective","authors":"Huiping Zeng , Guoyang Ma , Xiaoying Zheng , Da Lin , Jie Zhang , Dong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan-based composite adsorbents have emerged as critical material for arsenic removal due to their cost-effectiveness and high-efficiency adsorption capabilities for heavy metals/pollutants. This review systematically addresses sustainable strategies for arsenic purification using chitosan composites. Synthesis strategies utilize industrial waste such as shrimp/crab shells and water treatment residues as raw materials, with a critical analysis of preparation methods including homogeneous synthesis and cross-linking polymerization to reduce reliance on traditional chemicals and achieve waste valorization. The adsorption mechanisms of chitosan composites with iron/aluminum and their oxides, such as electrostatic interactions and inner-sphere complexation, are elucidated, highlighting the synergistic effects in efficiently capturing arsenic. Post-adsorption separation and regeneration technologies, particularly alkaline desorption and magnetic separation, are reviewed to enable multiple adsorption cycles, while disposal solutions for end-of-life saturated adsorbents are proposed. Innovatively, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is introduced to evaluate the environmental impacts across the adsorbent's lifecycle, from raw material acquisition to end-of-life disposal, validating the sustainability of the “waste-to-resource” strategy. Future directions explore synergistic composite systems combining chitosan with advanced materials and intelligent platforms integrating point-of-zero-charge (pHpzc) with machine learning. This review provides a comprehensive, sustainability-oriented perspective, offering critical insights to advance chitosan-based adsorbents as sustainable, high-performance solutions for arsenic remediation challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148156"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prosecco grape pomace: a new feedstock for high molecular weight hyaluronic acid","authors":"Irene Gugel , Filippo Marchetti , Ilenia Gugel , Giulia Scoponi , Nicola Marchetti , Nada Baraldo , Anna Baldisserotto , Stefania Costa , Stefano Manfredini , Marco Scoponi , Silvia Vertuani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its remarkable properties, hyaluronic acid (HA) has always attracted the attention of academia and industry. However, to meet the growing demand for HA, reduce costs and adopt sustainable approaches lignocellulosic raw materials were investigated as potential low-cost bio-resources. For example, the wine industry provides waste that can be valorised as fermentation substrates. In this study, grape pomace from Prosecco vinification underwent a three-step pre-treatment, resulting in the recovery of approximately 30 g of sugars per 100 g of dry matrix.</div><div>The resulting sugar-rich medium was used for the growth of <em>Streptococcus equi</em> subsp. <em>zooepidemicus</em> ATCC 39920, which produced a hyaluronic acid titre of 0.41 g/L after 11 h of batch fermentation. Although derived from a waste matrix, the hyaluronic acid obtained exhibited a lower polydispersity index and a higher molecular weight than a commercially available high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using lignocellulosic raw materials to produce high-quality hyaluronic acid, while promoting a biorefinery approach to improve the sustainability of wineries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148203"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heng Liu , Yi Zhao , Weisheng Yang , Qingjiang Shen , Xiaoqian Chen , Yongchao Zhang , Guoyu Tian , Yuquan Zhang , Yingjuan Fu , Menghua Qin , Shuzhen Ni
{"title":"Suppression of lignin repolymerization via a recyclable formic acid-guaiacol system toward green and sustainable components fractionation","authors":"Heng Liu , Yi Zhao , Weisheng Yang , Qingjiang Shen , Xiaoqian Chen , Yongchao Zhang , Guoyu Tian , Yuquan Zhang , Yingjuan Fu , Menghua Qin , Shuzhen Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin precursor molecules have received extensive attention in improving the pulp purity and the lignin activity by inhibiting lignin condensation. Herein, a formic acid/guaiacol dual-phase system was established to treat the wheat straw in this work, through a significantly enhanced delignification efficiency. It was attributed to steric hindrance of formyl and methoxy group formed by formic acid, which hindered the π-π stacking and hydrogen bond network reconstruction between lignin fragments. Guaiacol also played an important role in diverting reactive benzyl carbocation toward stable C-O/C-C bond formation through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The results revealed that the lignin fragment condensation was efficiently suppressed and the resultant cellulose pulp had a high purity. The Mn of lignin could be as low as 588 g/mol and the pulp contained only 7.2 % residual lignin with a 89.7 % α-cellulose content. The resulting paper without bleaching achieved a high brightness of 60.5 %ISO, and exceptional mechanical performance with the tensile index of 39.5 N·m/g and folding cycles of 15 times. Crucially, the formic acid and guaiacol could be recoverable via a simple distillation, minimizing waste generation and decreasing costs. This innovative and green strategy provides an important significance for the efficient lignocellulosic components fractionation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148216"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomas Plichta , Katerina Mrazova , Veronika Richterova , Marketa Khyrova , Jaroslav Lukes , Josef Sepitka
{"title":"Multiscale analysis of mechanical and structural properties of agarose–silk fibroin hydrogels","authors":"Tomas Plichta , Katerina Mrazova , Veronika Richterova , Marketa Khyrova , Jaroslav Lukes , Josef Sepitka","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the agarose–silk fibroin hydrogels, using atomic force microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy to analyse their structure and assess the effect of composition on mechanical properties via nanoindentation and rheological analysis. These measurements enabled determination of mechanical properties, including the elastic and viscoelastic moduli at both the micro- and macroscale. The hydrogels exhibited a wide range of moduli depending on different degrees of network crosslinking, influenced by varying concentrations of agarose (1 or 2 wt%) and the percentage of fibroin fibres (0–4.5 wt%) as an interpenetrating component. The viscoelastic modulus (<em>G</em>') and the elastic modulus determined using a relaxation model (<em>E</em>), were 5–57 kPa and 1.2–110 kPa, respectively. The adhesion energy of these hydrogels was determined from nanoindentation curves and analysed using the JKR model, with values ranging from 0.031 to 0.066 J m<sup>−2</sup>. These results provide insight into how the hydrogels' microstructure influences their mechanical and transport properties. Incorporating fibroin into these gels modifies biological and biochemical characteristics of the gels, suggesting that such composite hydrogels could be further explored for potential applications in controlled release systems, extracellular matrix models, or tissue engineering scaffolds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148133"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ende Song , Zhongbing Tan , Yifei Chen , Bing Zhang , Qi Liu , Junling Leng , Xinyu Shen
{"title":"Preparation of starch/pectin packaging films adding cedarwood essential oil and application in giant tiger prawn preservation","authors":"Ende Song , Zhongbing Tan , Yifei Chen , Bing Zhang , Qi Liu , Junling Leng , Xinyu Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shrimp preservation currently relies mainly on petroleum-based plastic films and refrigeration, which, although effective, may release microplastics into the environment. Developing biodegradable alternatives is therefore of great significance. In this study, potato starch (PS)/apple pectin (AP)/cedarwood essential oil (CEO) composite films were prepared via the casting method and evaluated for their potential in giant tiger prawn preservation. CEO incorporation markedly improved the film's properties, including mechanical strength (from 9.6 % to 32.4 %), UV shielding efficiency (EAB from 7.47 % to 33.2 % at 600 nm), and antibacterial activity. Films containing 2 % CEO exhibited superior antibacterial performance. Preservation tests further demonstrated that 2 % CEO films effectively inhibited increases in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH: after 48 h, TVB-N rise decreased from 42.55 % to 23.04 %, while pH increase was reduced from 0.83 to 0.16. These findings highlight the potential of PS/AP/CEO films as sustainable packaging materials for extending the shelf life of seafood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148132"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gytis Kučinskas, Aneta Kozeleková, Kateřina Králová, Viliam Volko, Ondrej Šedo, Jozef Hritz
{"title":"14-3-3ζ protein prevents formation of GSK3β-phosphorylated Tau protein fibrils.","authors":"Gytis Kučinskas, Aneta Kozeleková, Kateřina Králová, Viliam Volko, Ondrej Šedo, Jozef Hritz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's Disease remains one of the challenges in modern-day medicine, lacking any blockbuster therapy. Despite understanding the pathology and identifying neurofibrillary tangles as a hallmark of the disease, the molecular mechanisms behind it still remain unclear. Understanding post-translational modifications (PTMs) and 14-3-3 protein role can be crucial in uncovering tauopathies progression. Our study was focused on the phosphorylation of recombinant full-length Tau by Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β). We targeted phosphorylation, particularly at the C terminus and residues identified as AD phospho-biomarkers. Additionally, our study investigated the effect of 14-3-3ζ (highly abundant in the human brain) on the fibrillisation of Tau phosphorylated by GSK3β. Using our optimised fibrillisation conditions, we compared Tau fibril formation both in the presence and absence of 14-3-3ζ protein. Notably, 14-3-3ζ protein significantly inhibited fibril formation under these conditions. This conclusion was supported by both quantitative measurements using the Thioflavin T (ThT) assay and qualitative assessments through visualisation techniques, including negative-stain electron microscopy (NS-EM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Besides, chemical cross-linking and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed direct interaction between 14 and 3-3ζ and GSK3β-phosphorylated Tau, proposing the molecular mechanism of inhibition. These findings suggest that 14-3-3ζ may exert a protective role in Alzheimer's Disease by modulating Tau aggregation.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"148222"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ophthalmic antioxidant activity of a model antianginal drug using corneal hydrogel formulation: Effect of carboxymethyl starch on physicomechanical behaviour and release/permeation kinetics.","authors":"Rakesh Swain, Sk Habibullah, Mouli Das, Tanisha Das, Arijit Prasad Meher, Subrata Mallick","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trimetazidine (TIZ), a model antianginal drug helps reducing the formation of free radicals. Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) is acknowledged to improve mucoadhesion, flexibility and strength in combination with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) compared to HPMC alone. Ocular antioxidant activity of trimetazidine hydrogel has been undertaken after topical application. Effect of CMS on physicomechanical performance and release/permeation kinetics was also studied. HPMC based hydrogel was prepared in different combination with CMS. Carrageenan induced rat eyeball was extracted for histological analysis and malondialdehyde assay. Presence of CMS significantly increased viscosity, and also improved hardness, adhesive force, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness compared to its absence of the hydrogel. Carboxymethyl group of the CMS increased hydrophilicity, hydration and swelling property of the hydrogel. TIZ hydrogel presented organized and prolonged diffusion controlled drug release through the cornea for around 9 h. The histology of rat eye revealed that, the ganglionic layer damage in retina has been reduced prominently in the TIZ hydrogel treated group. Flexible docking studies demonstrated a stronger binding interaction between TIZ and IL-1β (-5.4 kJ/mol) compared to diclofenac (-4.68 kJ/mol) and dexamethasone (-5.33 kJ/mol). Trimetazidine hydrogel could be used for controlled ophthalmic antioxidant activity after topical application. Presence of CMS improved physicomechanical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"148219"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sihan Dong , Yuanyuan Han , Yulai Wang , Qiteng Ding , Chuanbo Ding , Shengyue Chen , Yupeng Song , Ting Zhao
{"title":"Multifunctional hydrogel scaffolds loaded with peptides in promoting wound healing: A review","authors":"Sihan Dong , Yuanyuan Han , Yulai Wang , Qiteng Ding , Chuanbo Ding , Shengyue Chen , Yupeng Song , Ting Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peptide-loaded hydrogels have been extensively studied at present. Compared with traditional wound dressings such as gauze and bandages, they possess excellent biocompatibility, high drug-loading capacity, controlled drug release, and outstanding moisturizing properties. However, a comprehensive review focusing on peptide-based hydrogel bioadhesives for wound healing remains absent. This review explores the applications and mechanisms through which peptides and hydrogels facilitate wound healing. The use of peptide hydrogels has been shown to effectively enhance cell proliferation and migration, regulate inflammatory responses, accelerate collagen deposition and neovascularization, significantly shorten wound healing time, and improve healing outcomes. Peptides that promote wound healing include antimicrobial peptides, antioxidant peptides, antiviral peptides, and anticoagulant peptides, all of which contribute to enhancing the repair process and reducing the risk of infection. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits excellent physical stability and ease of use, presenting a promising new strategy for clinical wound management. Nevertheless, the application of hydrogels faces challenges such as inadequate mechanical properties and the need for further evaluation of biological safety. This study aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the application of multifunctional hydrogel scaffolds in promoting the wound healing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148128"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}