International Journal of Biological Macromolecules最新文献

{"title":"The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM4 promotes the proliferation of glioblastoma by inhibiting ABTB1-mediated CDK1 ubiquitination","authors":"Gexi Liu ,&nbsp;Qinghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Zhong ,&nbsp;Yujie Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Feng ,&nbsp;Jingjie Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Sun ,&nbsp;Hongjuan Cui ,&nbsp;Shuang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emerging evidence has implicated the multifaceted roles of TRIM proteins in glioblastoma; however, the function of TRIM4 in glioblastoma pathobiology has not been clarified.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The clinical significance of TRIM4 was elucidated through analysis of the TCGA and CGGA databases. Its function was achieved via cellular functional assays and the Xenograft tumor model employing lentivirus in LN-229 and T98G cells. Flow cytometry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were used to examine the potential downstream proteins of TRIM4 during G₂/M of Glioblastoma. The protein-protein interaction analyses, co-immunoprecipitation, protein turnover, and ubiquitination experiments were performed to elucidate the specific mechanism by which TRIM4 regulates the ubiquitination of CDK1. Molecular cloning experiments were employed to delineate the specific domains and ubiquitination patterns within the TRIM4-ABTB1-CDK1 axis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We discover that elevated TRIM4 expression in glioma is associated with increased tumor grade and unfavorable prognosis. The cellular functional assays and Xenograft tumor model demonstrated that TRIM4 knockdown suppresses cell growth by impeding the G₂/M phase transition in LN-229 and T98G cells. The specific mechanism is that TRIM4 inhibits ABTB1-mediated CDK1 ubiquitination. Mechanistically, the 53–500 amino acid region of TRIM4 promotes ABTB1 degradation through the K6, K27, K29, and K33-linked ubiquitination. ABTB1, particularly the 1–214 amino acid region, functions as a tumor suppressor by interacting with CDK1 and promoting its destabilization via the formation of K27-linked ubiquitination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TRIM4 acts as a promising prognostic predictor in glioma and plays an oncogenic role in glioblastoma. TRIM4-ABTB1-CDK1 may play an innovative therapeutic approach for glioblastoma treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 152214"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147758767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutation of Mg-chelatase subunit I causes distinct phenotypes of chlorophyll accumulation and seedling etiolation in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and melon (Cucumis melo)","authors":"Jianfei Song ,&nbsp;Jianli Shang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Han ,&nbsp;Zhenshuai Wang ,&nbsp;Dan Zhou ,&nbsp;Nannan Li ,&nbsp;Mengya Cao ,&nbsp;Yuan Lu ,&nbsp;Lanying Lu ,&nbsp;Shuangwu Ma ,&nbsp;Na Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorophyll biosynthesis is essential for plant growth and development, as it directly modulates photosynthetic capacity. Here, we identified yellow mutants with chlorophyll deficiency and abnormal thylakoid stacking-disturbed in watermelon (lethal) and melon (non-lethal), and mapped the traits to SNPs (H359R in watermelon, T193A in melon) in <em>ChlI</em>, which encodes Mg-chelatase subunit I. Suppression of <em>ClChlI</em> in watermelon and <em>CmChlI</em> in melon caused reduced chlorophyll accumulation and leaf yellowing. Moreover, the mutated ChlI exhibited altered autologous protein structures, and weakened interaction ability with itself and ChlD, especially the mutated ClChlI. Additionally, compared to melon mutant, the watermelon mutant had significantly lower abundances of chlorophyll <em>b</em>iosynthesis- and photosynthesis-related proteins and metabolites. In summary, our findings lay a solid groundwork for further investigations into the structure-function relationship of the ChlI, and confers to the precise genetic improvement of crop agronomic traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 152229"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147758774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin-reinforced photothermal polyurethane elastomers with tunable mechanics, shape memory, and antibacterial functionality","authors":"Wanhui Wu ,&nbsp;Chao Deng ,&nbsp;Xinxi Han ,&nbsp;Xiangfei Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhirong Chen ,&nbsp;Wenjing Qi ,&nbsp;Rongxian Ou ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Qingwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balancing the mechanical properties and multifunctionality of polyurethane elastomers presents a significant challenge. Herein, a sustainable strategy for fabricating high-performance polyurethane elastomers (MEPU) was developed by integrating two lignin derivatives, chemically modified lignin (MLOH) and unmodified enzymatic lignin (EL). MLOH, prepared via selective conversion of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups to alcohol hydroxyls, serves as a reactive chemical crosslinker, enhancing network formation and microphase separation. EL acts as a physical crosslinker, reinforcing intermolecular interactions. Notably, both MLOH and EL function as photothermal conversion agents, endowing MEPU with excellent photothermal properties. The resulting MEPU exhibits tunable photothermal conversion and mechanical performance, which can be optimized by adjusting the MLOH/EL ratio. Specifically, the optimal formulation M₅E₅PU displays exceptional mechanical properties, including tensile strength of 37.8 ± 2.0 MPa, elongation at break of 795.5 ± 26.4%, toughness of 125.6 ± 8.0 MJ/m³, and superior photothermal conversion, reaching 101.8 °C after 2 min near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Leveraging its excellent photothermal properties, M₅E₅PU demonstrates a suite of NIR-triggered functionalities, including remarkable shape memory, fatigue resistance, self-healing, and complete antibacterial activity against both <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> within 5 min. Therefore, this work offers a novel platform for developing multifunctional bio-based robust photothermal elastomers and promoting high-value utilization of lignin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 152139"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147758823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced mechanical properties of pectin–alginate biodegradable mulching film reinforced with halloysite nanotubes and biochar nanoparticles","authors":"S.V. Chinna Swami Naik ,&nbsp;R.K. Dutta ,&nbsp;B.P. Vellanki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the synthesis of a pectin-alginate-based biodegradable mulching film (PA-BMF) reinforced with biochar nanoparticles (BNPs) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The aim of this work is to optimize the proportions of BNPs, HNTs, glycerol, CaCl₂ concentration, and crosslinking time to maximize the tensile strength (TS) and elastic strain (ES) of PA-BMF using a central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM). Multi-response optimization re<em>v</em>ealed that the maximum TS (46.22 MPa) and ES (45%) were achie<em>v</em>ed at 3% <em>w</em>/<em>v</em> HNTs, 1% w/v BNPs, 6% <em>v</em>/v glycerol, 1.5% w/v CaCl₂, and a 45 min crosslinking time. Characterization of the optimized PA-BMF showed a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmissivity of 3.28 ± 0.003 × 10⁻⁴% and a water vapor permeability (WVP) of 2.36 ± 0.05 × 10⁻¹⁰ g m⁻¹ s⁻¹ Pa⁻¹, indicating that the film can effectively suppress weed growth and retain soil moisture under field conditions. PA-BMF buried at 6 cm showed rapid biodegradation, losing 87.67 ± 4% of its weight in seven weeks, whereas surface-placed films degraded only 24.93 ± 0.94%, confirming their stability during the crop vegetative stage. The soil C/N ratio at 6 cm increased to 15.85 ± 0.44 compared with the control (8.11 ± 0.28), suggesting potential improvement in soil fertility following PA-BMF degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 152218"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147758650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butyrate-loaded gelatin methacryloyl microneedle accelerates diabetic wound healing through enhanced lipid metabolism and M2 macrophage polarization","authors":"Xingtang Niu ,&nbsp;Kaiheng Li ,&nbsp;Peiqi Wen ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jiehua Deng ,&nbsp;Jinghui Chen ,&nbsp;Lianghai Lai ,&nbsp;Chujun Mo ,&nbsp;Ling Wu ,&nbsp;Shi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic wound healing is significantly impaired by persistent inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and dysfunctional macrophage polarization. Addressing these intertwined pathologies requires innovative therapeutic strategies. Here, we developed a butyrate-loaded gelatin methacryloyl microneedle patch (Buty@MN) designed to locally reprogram metabolic-immune crosstalk within the diabetic wound microenvironment. The Buty@MN system demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, and exhibited a sustained release. In vitro, Buty@MN significantly enhanced fibroblast migration and promoted a metabolic shift in macrophages toward fatty acid oxidation (FAO), concomitant with a marked increase in anti-inflammatory M2 polarization (evidenced by upregulated IL-10, Arg-1, CD206 and downregulated IL-1β, IL-6, CD86). In vivo, treatment of full-thickness diabetic wounds in mice with Buty@MN accelerated wound closure (95.5 ± 1.8% vs. 72.0 ± 7.4% in controls at day 14, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), enhanced re-epithelialization, promoted collagen deposition, and stimulated angiogenesis. These findings establish Buty@MN as a potent therapeutic platform, which offers a promising approach for enhancing diabetic wound repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 152323"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An injectable pH-responsive marine polysaccharide hydrogel (AE&LF@pOA) for sequential therapy of infected diabetic wounds","authors":"Meiyue Zhao ,&nbsp;Jialing Wu ,&nbsp;Lihua Geng ,&nbsp;Ning Wu ,&nbsp;Yang Yue ,&nbsp;Quanbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaide Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic diabetic wound healing remains challenging owing to impaired angiogenesis, persistent inflammation, and a high risk of infection. To address these limitations, we developed an injectable, pH-responsive hydrogel based on dynamic crosslinking between phenylboronic acid-grafted oxidized agarose (pOA) and alginate oligosaccharide-conjugated ε-polylysine (AE). This hydrogel exhibits antibacterial and antioxidant properties, enabling on-demand drug release triggered by the acidic microenvironment of chronic wounds. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LF), a potent pro-angiogenic marine polysaccharide, was encapsulated within the hydrogel. Physicochemical characterizations confirmed that the hydrogel possesses excellent structural stability, injectability, and pH-responsive sustained release properties for LF and AE. Subsequently, In vitro tests showed that the AE&amp;LF@pOA hydrogel effectively controlled infection with a 77.3% antibacterial rate against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and showed ROS scavenging activity. It also regulated the inflammatory response, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 by 53.8% and 64.4%, respectively while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 by 2.8-fold and 1.0-fold. Moreover, the hydrogel stimulated neovascularization, leading to a 4.7-fold increase in VEGF expression and a 50% increase in CD-31 microvessel density. Animal studies confirmed that the dressing accelerated macroscopic healing. The hydrogel accelerated wound closure to 85.8% by day 7, 2.7-fold higher than controls, with the residual wound area shrinking to just 1.4% by day 14. Histological analysis further demonstrated complete re-epithelialization to 80.3 μm thickness, and mature collagen deposition. Overall, this responsive hydrogel offers a promising strategy for treating chronic diabetic wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 152378"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino-functionalized chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel for efficient Cr(VI) removal and its carbonized derivative as a photocatalyst for tetracycline degradation","authors":"Lixin Huang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Tuo ,&nbsp;Junqi Wei ,&nbsp;Haiying Lin ,&nbsp;Qingge Feng ,&nbsp;Mingen Li ,&nbsp;Xianghua Wu ,&nbsp;Qiuyan Hu ,&nbsp;Guanjian He ,&nbsp;Jie He ,&nbsp;Yujiang Fan ,&nbsp;Chun Lv ,&nbsp;Qiang Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although adsorption mitigates the environmental risks associated with heavy metal pollution in wastewater, the disposal of spent adsorbents raises secondary pollution concerns, making their safe reuse and sustainable management important. This study developed a novel chitosan-based composite aerogel (CS/SCMC/PEI) with an interconnected porous structure and abundant nitrogenous groups for efficient Cr(VI) removal. The aerogel demonstrated a high adsorption capacity (453.1 mg g⁻¹) at pH 2, remarkable selectivity, and adaptability in the presence of common ions and dissolved organic matter. Notably, it maintained ≥83.7% of its initial capacity over five adsorption–desorption cycles. The adsorption adhered to a chemical monolayer adsorption behavior, with kinetics dominated by both external and intraparticle diffusion. In practical application with actual electroplating wastewater, the aerogel effectively reduced the Cr(VI) concentration from 415.7 mg L⁻¹ to&lt;0.2 mg L⁻¹, which was well below the mandated national discharge limit. The underlying removal mechanism was identified as a synergistic interplay involving electrostatic attraction, reduction, and complexation mediated by nitrogen and oxygen-containing functional groups. The spent aerogel was carbonized into a Cr₂O₃@CN photocatalyst, which degraded 97.8% of tetracycline within 60 min under visible light. The degradation pathways, elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis, were found to involve hydroxylation, demethylation, amide cleavage, and ring opening, ultimately leading to mineralization. This work presents an integrated adsorption-conversion-catalysis strategy that enables the repurposing of hazardous heavy metal-laden waste into value-added photocatalytic materials, thereby providing a sustainable solution for synergistic pollution control and resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 152355"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biogenesis of extrachromosomal circular DNA is associated with enhancer-promoter dynamics and chromatin architecture","authors":"Yuxi Gu ,&nbsp;Yidan Song ,&nbsp;Shuhua Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Zhihe Zhao ,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) have been discovered in various species and play a significant role in cancer development. However, our understanding of their chromosomal biogenesis is limited. Here, we identified a correlation between eccDNA generation and the density of transcription regulatory elements, such as enhancers and promoters. We find that the regulators of enhancer-promoter interactions, including RAD21, LDB1 and YY1, may contribute to eccDNA production, with only a modest effect from transcriptional activity itself. The BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 reduces eccDNA production, while the HDAC inhibitor TSA induces an increase of eccDNAs. This TSA-induced effect can be rescued by the TSA antagonist, ITSA. The generation of eccDNA positively correlates with the density of R loops. Furthermore, large eccDNA breakpoints are found to be coordinated with TAD boundaries and inclined to align at enhancers and promoters. Our study suggests that eccDNAs are more frequently detected from regulatory regions in the genome, consistent with their generation being associated with enhancer-promoter dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 152307"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147806675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and physicochemical characterization of maltodextrin (starch-derived polysaccharide) microcapsules loaded with phenolic-rich yerba mate extracts","authors":"Marcos Antonio Matiucci ,&nbsp;Vitor Costa Dalagna ,&nbsp;Natallya Marques da Silva ,&nbsp;Cynthia Letícia Serra Cabeça ,&nbsp;Paulo Leonardo Marotti Siciliano ,&nbsp;Natani Caroline Nogueira ,&nbsp;Patrícia Daniele Silva dos Santos ,&nbsp;Helen Ronise Mazzer ,&nbsp;Vitor Anthony Duarte ,&nbsp;Oscar Oliveira Santos ,&nbsp;Silvio Cláudio da Costa ,&nbsp;Paula Gimenez Milani Fernandes ,&nbsp;Andresa Carla Feihrmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenolic compounds are highly susceptible to degradation during processing and storage, which limits their application in food systems. However, the role of extraction-derived composition in governing encapsulation performance and stability remains poorly understood. This study investigated how phenolic composition obtained through percolation influences the structural, physicochemical, and thermal properties of maltodextrin-based microcapsules produced by spray drying. High encapsulation efficiency (87%) was achieved; however, compound-dependent losses were observed, including reductions of 43.73% for chlorogenic acid and 52.09% for quercetin under specific storage conditions. Encapsulation improved the retention of volatile compounds and enhanced thermal stability, shifting degradation events to higher temperatures. FTIR analysis revealed intermolecular interactions between phenolic compounds and the carbohydrate matrix, while SEM confirmed the formation of spherical particles typical of spray-dried systems. XRD and thermal analyses indicated predominantly amorphous structures associated with reduced molecular mobility. These results demonstrate that compound retention is governed by molecular structure and matrix interactions rather than apparent antioxidant activity. Overall, this study provides mechanistic insights into structure–mobility–stability relationships and supports the rational design of carbohydrate-based delivery systems for improved bioactive stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 152337"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147806763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guar gum macromolecule-based nanoformulation of syringic acid for enhanced diabetic wound healing: Box–Behnken optimization and in vitro evaluation","authors":"Debojyoti Mandal ,&nbsp;Kriti Kushwaha ,&nbsp;Jayanta K. Sarmah ,&nbsp;Jeena Gupta ,&nbsp;Vancha Harish","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.151867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.151867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic wound healing is impaired by persistent oxidative stress, reduced angiogenesis, and delayed tissue regeneration. In this study, a guar gum–based nanoformulation of syringic acid (NF) was developed and optimized using a Box–Behnken design to improve physicochemical characteristics and in vitro biological performance. The optimized NF exhibited a mean particle size of ~26 nm, low polydispersity (PDI) (~0.1), a negative zeta potential (−27.6 mV), high encapsulation efficiency (~83%), and spherical morphology. Thermal and spectroscopic analyses confirmed successful drug incorporation and enhanced stability. In vitro release studies indicated a diffusion-controlled, sustained-release profile. Compared with free syringic acid, NF demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity, improved α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, and improved cytocompatibility in L929 fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes. Under hyperglycaemic conditions, NF significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and restored the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The formulation also promoted keratinocyte migration (81.6% wound closure) and enhanced endothelial tube formation, accompanied by increased VEGF expression (71.61% VEGF-positive cells). Overall, nanoencapsulation improved the functional activity of syringic acid under diabetic-like conditions. These findings provide an in vitro foundation for future mechanistic and in vivo investigations in wound-related models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 151867"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}