International Journal of Biological Macromolecules最新文献

{"title":"Preparation of highly-dispersed iron pyrophosphate nanoparticles via ultrasound-assistant carboxymethyl cellulose modification to enhance their liposome encapsulation and cell absorption.","authors":"Yun-Shan Wei, Wei Gao, Yang Li, Kun-Lun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) is commonly used in fortified foods because of its subtle metallic odor/color. However, the insoluble nature of FePP restricts its intestinal absorption, thereby diminishing its efficacy. Liposomes can enhance the transmembrane absorption of encapsulated ingredients but encounter difficulties when encapsulating insoluble compounds. In this study, it was initially attempted to boost FePP solubility by reducing its particle size. Nevertheless, nanoscale FePP (N-FePP) exhibited a strong tendency to aggregate. To address this, an ultrasound-assisted carboxymethyl cellulose modification was innovatively proposed. This method effectively prevented N-FePP aggregation by increasing its charge density from -23 mV to -40 mV and decreasing surface tension of the N-FePP suspension from 71.1 mN/m to 43.8 mN/m. Consequently, the modified N-FePP (MN-FePP), with a particle size of 237 nm and excellent dispersion, was successfully obtained. The encapsulation efficiency of MN-FePP in liposomes (MN-FePP-Lip) was significantly enhanced compared to that of N-FePP (74.9 % vs. 27.8 %). Furthermore, in comparation with the unencapsulated MN-FePP, MN-FePP-Lip exhibited increased cellular absorption efficiency (intracellular iron concentrations of 171.54 μmol/L vs. 115.24 μmol/L) and total antioxidant levels (9.04 U/mg prot vs. 7.28 U/mg prot) in cells. Therefore, the MN-FePP-Lip developed in this study shows great potential as a novel iron fortifier.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"148186"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifying a loop region in ene-reductase to boost catalytic activity.","authors":"Gege Ma, Dongxin Zhang, Dongzhi Wei, Jinping Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent ene-reductases (ERs) belonging to the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) superfamily, are versatile biocatalysts with great potential for the production of fine and specialty chemicals, such as (-)-menthol. However, limited catalytic activity of OYEs hampers their practical application. To address this issue, loop engineering strategy was employed to modify the loop region (Loop 6) in close proximity to the substrate tunnel in ERs by introducing insertion and deletion (indel) mutation. The resulting indel mutants of OYE2p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJM1341, exhibited improved catalytic activity toward the model substrate citral compared to the wild-type (WT) OYE2p. The representative insertion mutant F298insGGG and the deletion mutant (F298-L299-T300) del exhibited enhanced specific activity toward the diverse tested alkenes. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the indel mutants result the reduction in key catalytic distances, the reshaped substrate-binding pocket and increased flexibility of Loop 6. Moreover, a generalizability test of Loop 6 engineering was conducted in other OYEs, eliciting comparable catalytic activity enhancement for OYE1, OYE3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and NCR from Zymomonas mobilis. This study not only revealed the vital roles of Loop 6 in ERs but also provided a general strategy for improving catalytic activity through rational redesign of the loop architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"148183"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two tripartite motif-containing proteins regulate autophagy-related gene expression to mediate anti-Vibrio immunity in Takifugu obscurus","authors":"Ying Huang,&nbsp;Rui Shen,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Qian-Hui Yuan,&nbsp;Zhe Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins play crucial roles in innate immunity, but their functions in antibacterial defense in teleost fish remain poorly understood. In this study, two <em>TRIM</em> genes, designated <em>ToTRIM16</em> and <em>ToTRIM65</em>, were identified in the obscure pufferfish <em>Takifugu obscurus</em>. The domain architectures are distinct, ToTRIM16 consists of three low-complexity, one B-box, two coiled-coil, and one PRY/SPRY domains, whereas ToTRIM65 comprises single RING, B-box, coiled-coil, and PRY/SPRY domains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their evolutionary conservation among pufferfish lineages. Subcellular localization studies showed pathogen-specific dynamic changes; <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> infection induced the aggregation of ToTRIM16 into cytoplasmic puncta and increased the foci density of ToTRIM65. Tissue-specific expression profiling indicated that <em>ToTRIM16</em> was predominantly expressed in the intestine, while <em>ToTRIM65</em> was highly expressed in the liver, with distinct induction patterns following <em>V. harveyi</em> challenge. Notably, overexpression of either TRIM protein significantly upregulated five autophagy-related genes (<em>ULK1</em>, <em>P62</em>, <em>LC3B</em>, <em>ATG5</em>, and <em>ATG12</em>) in FHM cells. Conversely, <em>in vivo</em> siRNA knockdown of these TRIMs not only substantially suppressed the expression of these autophagy-related genes but also led to significantly increased bacterial loads in immune tissues after <em>V. harveyi</em> infection. These findings demonstrate that ToTRIM16 and ToTRIM65 are pivotal regulators of autophagy-mediated antibacterial immunity, providing novel insights for the development of immunomodulatory strategies in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148134"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The WT1 protein molecule drives the proliferation and metastasis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma through the EMT process","authors":"Jiayu Zheng ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Shi Zhong ,&nbsp;Chi-kuan Lio ,&nbsp;Sin Ieng Vong ,&nbsp;Hanxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Na Zhou ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly malignant and aggressive tumor, and previous studies have demonstrated its association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the specific protein targets remain unknown. In this study, we integrated multi-omics data and molecular experiments to reveal the crucial role of WT1 (Wilms' tumor 1 protein) as a core biomolecule in ATC. We screened up-regulated genes that were highly correlated with EMT through differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA), and machine-learning algorithms (LASSO/SVM-RFE). Notably, the area under the receiver operating characterization curve (AUC) for subjects with WT1 reached 0.968. Functional experiments confirmed that the knockdown of WT1 significantly inhibited the proliferation (CCK-8 assay), migration (scratch assay), and invasion (Transwell assay) of BHT101 and CAL-62 cells, and reversed the EMT phenotype by down-regulating the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin, while up-regulating the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Mechanistic studies showed that WT1 drives the EMT process by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, enhancing the p-AKT/AKT protein ratio. Additionally, this study further confirmed that WT1 promotes tumor growth using a subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice, this work is the first to identify WT1 protein as a key driver of EMT in ATC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148170"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile preparation of high internal phase emulsion co-stabilized by like-charged chitosan nanoparticle and cationic surfactant at very low dosages","authors":"Junhua Lu ,&nbsp;Wenyu Du ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Wang ,&nbsp;Liying Han ,&nbsp;Hongyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shupeng Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fabricating high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) via centrifugation usually demands large emulsifier/stabilizer dosages. This study presented an efficient method for preparing HIPEs using ultra-low doses of like-charged chitosan nanoparticles and ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE). The unique interfacial structure of the system enabled it to withstand centrifugal forces of up to 10,000 g, forming HIPEs with small droplets and oil phase fractions up to 91 %. HIPEs produced with higher LAE content under moderate centrifugation showed enhanced long-term stability. The resulting HIPEs effectively encapsulated β-carotene, improving its resistance to thermal and UV degradation, and demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Residual chitosan nanoparticles were recyclable, supporting sustainable, cost-effective production. This approach offers a promising way to prepare stable food-grade HIPEs with reduced stabilizer requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148175"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable vegetable tanning: Ultrasound-assisted tannin extraction of oak bark and analytical approaches to collagen-tannin interactions.","authors":"Ilaria Quaratesi, Vittoria Ferrara, Ioan Călinescu, Petre Chipurici, Ioana Popa, Cristina Carşote, Pellegrino La Manna, Elena Badea","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sustainable leather production has long faced the challenge of finding eco-friendly methods maintaining quality standards. This study investigates vegetable tanning with oak bark extracts obtained using eco-friendly Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), providing a straightforward analytical approach for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which these extracts stabilise the collagen-tannin interactions. Aqueous extraction of oak bark polyphenols, achieved employing a continuous UAE process, scalable for industrial use, was also boosted using very low concentrations of NaOH (0.1 to 0.5 %) or 0.25 % sulfite/bisulfite. Collagen-tannin matrices were characterized using micro-differential scanning calorimetry (micro-DSC), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, NMR MOUSE, and thermal microscopy. Key results show that aqueous and low-alkali bark extracts stabilise collagen mainly through hydrogen bonding. Alkali and sulfonated extracts create a mixed network of hydrogen and covalent bonds, likely linked to lignin derivatives. Micro-DSC analysis revealed the highest increase in denaturation temperature, up to 11-14 °C, and a narrowing of transition peaks in collagen matrices treated with 0.2 % and 0.5 % NaOH extracts. ATR-FTIR confirmed the formation of ester bonds. NMR MOUSE results showed increased chain packing and water exclusion, linking to enhanced physicomechanical properties. Leather produced using the oak bark extracts showed hydro-thermal and mechanical resistance and structural homogeneity that match those of conventional vegetable-tanned leathers. These findings highlight the technological, commercial and environmental value of UAE-derived oak bark tannins for sustainable leather production. The approach adopted in manuscript fosters sustainability in the tannery sector by reducing the environmental impact and converting tree bark, a low-value by-product, into valuable tannins.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"148194"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LPCAT3-ABCA1 axis regulates the dose-sparing effects of steroid drugs in osteoarthritis in mice","authors":"Vijay Kondreddy ,&nbsp;Jhansi Magisetty ,&nbsp;Muralidharan Kathirvel ,&nbsp;Mehfooz Helal ,&nbsp;Palak Kumar ,&nbsp;Ramchandrareddy Jala ,&nbsp;Kaushik Das","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized as a progressive synovial cartilage degenerative disorder with no curative drugs. Intra-articular (IA) injection of steroids has been approved and used for the management of pain and further loss of cartilage in patients. However, meta-analysis suggests that IA-usage of high-dose steroids was associated with osteonecrosis, subchondral insufficiency fracture, and rapid joint destruction with bone loss. Upregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) has been demonstrated in OA and was correlated with the severity of the disease. The current study unveils that LPCAT3 plays a critical role in the cellular efflux of a steroidal drug (methylprednisolone; MPD) through post-translational regulation and stabilization of a steroid efflux protein, ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 (ABCA1). Gene silencing of LPCAT3 downregulates ABCA1 protein through ubiquitination and degradation in the chondrocytes. This loss of ABCA1 favors increased cellular retention of MPD, thereby reducing the minimal effective dosage of MPD and promoting the anti-inflammatory benefits of MPD. Conversely, the Liver X Receptor (LXR) agonist (T0901317) completely reversed the LPCAT3-induced alterations of ABCA1 and steroid retention in the cells. Consistent with the in vitro studies, IA administration of LPCAT3 siRNA liposomes downregulates ABCA1 in the synovium and potentiates the therapeutic benefits of MPD at much smaller doses in the Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus (DMM) surgery-induced OA in mice. This study reveals a previously unrecognized role of ABCA1 in the MPD steroidal drug-efflux. Thus, targeting the LPCAT3-ABCA1 axis causes a drug sparing effect on steroids by enhancing their intracellular retention and improving their therapeutic efficiency in OA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148140"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and application studies of chitosan nanofibers","authors":"Ling Zhong ,&nbsp;Junrui Yang ,&nbsp;Tian Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingwen Wu ,&nbsp;Yifeng Wu ,&nbsp;Jiazhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingzhong Li ,&nbsp;Kun Wu ,&nbsp;Mingyi Shang ,&nbsp;Cong Liu ,&nbsp;Yanhui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan (CS), as one of the widely sourced biodegradable biopolymers, shows great potential due to its excellent physicochemical properties. However, the low mechanical strength, limited inherent functionality, and small specific surface area of native CS restrict its broader application. Therefore, this paper presents advances in the preparation and application of CS-based electrostatic spinning to address above shortcomings. CS nanofiber with antimicrobial, antioxidant and biocompatible properties can be additionally endowed with high specific surface area, high strength and multiple active sites by electrostatic spinning technique. This work focuses on three main aspects: the extraction process of CS, and the effect of the electrostatic spinning preparation process on the properties of nanofibers, as well as the progress of CS-based modified fibers obtained by electrostatic spinning for applications in biomedicine, environmental protection and food packaging. Meanwhile, the challenges in large-scale production and performance optimization of CS nanofibrous materials are also analyzed. But with continuous progress in research and technology, we believe that CS electrospun nanofibers are expected to play an important role in driving technological innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"330 ","pages":"Article 148173"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-healing β-cyclodextrin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel with enhanced strength and self-healing efficiency.","authors":"Ruina Chen, Yaxin Hu, Siying Zhang, Chunchun Shi, Zefeng Li, Zikui Bai, Yingshan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaluronic acid (HA) self-healing hydrogels commonly suffer from an imbalance between mechanical properties and self-healing efficiency. To address this issue, we introduce carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) into the HA hydrogel system, which provides multiple crosslinking sites via β-CD's cyclic structure to improve its self-healing capability. The β-cyclodextrin/hyaluronic acid (ACD) hydrogels were prepared through dynamic acylhydrazone bond formation between aldehyde-modified HA (AHA) and hydrazide-modified carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-CDD). Compared to aldehyde-modified HA/3,3'-dithiobis (propionyl hydrazide) (AHA/DTP, AD) hydrogels (~0.17 MPa), ACD hydrogels exhibited enhanced compressive strength of ~0.29 MPa, which was attributed to multiple interactions, such as dynamic covalent acylhydrazone bonds, hydrogen bonds, and physical filling. Furthermore, ACD hydrogels achieved 100 % healing efficiency in Young's modulus within 10 min, significantly higher than AD hydrogel (80 %) due to synergistic effects of dynamic covalent bonds, including acylhydrazone and disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds. This hydrogel holds potential for various biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"148177"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction, structural characteristics, and health benefits of starch, arabinoxylan and β-glucan from Triticeae cereals: A critical review.","authors":"Zixuan Zhang, András Koris, Attila Csighy, Xinmiao Yao, Kefei Gu, Pengtao Zhang, Biao Xue, Feiyue Ren, Hongzhi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triticeae crops, notably wheat, barley, and rye, are essential dietary staples and sources of diverse polysaccharides with significant health-promoting properties. Among these, arabinoxylans (AX) and β-glucans have garnered particular attention due to their demonstrated antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering activities. This review critically evaluates recent advances in the extraction, structural characterization, rheological behavior, and biological functions of Triticeae-derived polysaccharides. Various extraction techniques, including enzymatic, alkaline, and ultrasound-assisted methods, are compared in terms of yield, structural preservation, and environmental sustainability. Particular emphasis is placed on structure-function relationships, highlighting how arabinose/xylose substitution patterns and β-glucan molecular weight influence bioactivity and gut microbiota modulation. The synergistic interactions of AX and β-glucan are discussed in the context of functional food innovation, metabolic disease prevention, and host-microbe immune crosstalk. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps and propose future directions for optimizing their application in food systems, nutraceuticals, and personalized nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"148167"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}