{"title":"Catalytic mechanism, computational design, and crystal structure of a highly specific and efficient benzoylecgonine hydrolase.","authors":"Xiabin Chen, Yun Zhang, Junsen Tong, Pengfei Ouyang, Xingyu Deng, Jie Zhang, Huan Liu, Yihui Hu, Weixuan Yao, Jiye Wang, Xia Wang, Shurong Hou, Jianzhuang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enzyme therapy for cocaine detoxification should break down both cocaine and its primary toxic metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BZE), which is also the main form of cocaine contaminant in the environment. An ideal BZE-metabolizing enzyme (BZEase) is expected to be highly efficient and selective in BZE hydrolysis. Here, BZEase4 was engineered from bacterial cocaine esterase (CocE) by our reactant state-based enzyme design theories (RED), which has a 34,977-fold improved substrate discrimination between BZE and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), compared with wild-type CocE. Under the physiological concentrations of BZE and ACh, the reaction velocity of BZEase4 against BZE is 2.25 × 10<sup>6</sup>-fold higher than it against ACh, suggesting BZEase4 has extremely high substrate selectivity for BZE over ACh to minimize the potential cholinergic side-effects. This study provides additional evidence supporting the further development of BZEase4 toward a promising therapeutic for cocaine overdose, a potentially effective and eco-friendly enzymatic method for BZE degradation in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"137767"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Sun, Yuchan Meng, Keling Hu, Jinming Sun, Chunyu Zhou, Chengkun Su, Lihui Zhang, Chunhong Zhang, Zhengfeng Ma
{"title":"Crystallization-driven formation of cluster assemblies on surface for super-hydrophobic poly (L-lactic acid)/ZnO composite membrane.","authors":"Xin Sun, Yuchan Meng, Keling Hu, Jinming Sun, Chunyu Zhou, Chengkun Su, Lihui Zhang, Chunhong Zhang, Zhengfeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/ZnO composite membrane with cluster assemblies microstructure was constructed by a combination of non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and the Breath-Figure method. In this novel method, the controllable diffusion rate between solvent and non-solvent was introduced to the system by adjusting the non-solvent solubility parameters. The humidity was adjusted to control non-solvent solubility parameters in the Breath-Figure method, which avoids the instantaneous phase separation induced by direct coagulation of water droplets. Hydrophobic modified ZnO nanoparticles were used as heterogeneous nucleation points to induce PLLA crystallization and formation of micro-nano structures. Controlling molecular chain growth with crystal nuclei as templates and constructing cluster assemblies microscopic morphology at 99 % humidity, and the size of the cluster decreases gradually from 10 μm to 3 μm as the nanoparticles content increased up to 5 wt%. The surface water contact angle could reach 153.8° with cluster morphology. In addition, the porous structure formed by the polymer-lean phase could increase the porosity to 93.1 % and exhibit an excellent oil absorption capacity up to 12.64 g/g. It is foreseeable that porous PLLA/ZnO composite membranes have potential applications as biodegradable oil-water separation materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"137815"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of chestnut shell extract and citric acid on the properties of navel orange pomace/chitosan composite films.","authors":"Junjie Wang, Daozong Chen, Luxia Ran, Dingfeng Xu, Hao Sun, Jianjun Yang, Bo Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The improper use of citrus peel and nondegradable plastic film can cause substantial issues, such as environmental pollution and resource waste. Herein, navel orange pomace powder (NOPP) and chitosan (CS) were used as the raw material and film-forming additive, respectively, to prepare biobased composite films. Chestnut shell extract (CHE) and citric acid (CA) were added to the prepared NOPP/CS biobased multifunctional films. Based on ensuring the tensile strength of the film above 10 MPa, the elongation at break of the film can be increased from 19.11 % to 34.93 %, the water contact angle can reach 60°, and the water vapor transmittance can be significantly reduced to approximately 1.1 × 10<sup>-10</sup> gs<sup>-1</sup>m<sup>-1</sup>Pa<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, the antibacterial ability and antioxidant capacity of the composite film were improved. We observed that the multifunctional film could significantly inhibit the browning of fresh-cut apples, where the browning index was maintained between 60 and 65, which was 25 % lower than that of the control. The newly developed film therefore possesses the potential to replace the traditional plastic cling film. This research contributes to the literature regarding the source of raw materials for biobased materials and highlights the value of navel orange processing by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"137575"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xi Guan, Xin Li, Liangcai Wang, Xin Zhao, Zhiguo Wang, Lili Zhang, Jinxia Ma
{"title":"Hierarchical porous sulfur self-doped lignin carbon derived from full component utilization of black liquor for high-performance supercapacitors.","authors":"Xi Guan, Xin Li, Liangcai Wang, Xin Zhao, Zhiguo Wang, Lili Zhang, Jinxia Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black liquor, primarily consisting of lignin, polysaccharides, and inorganic substances, is a potential precursor of porous carbon materials for high-performance supercapacitors. However, the laborious purification of black liquor lignin and the introduction of exogenous heteroatoms have hindered their practical applications. Herein, the full components of black liquor were utilized to synthesize hierarchical porous sulfur self-doped lignin carbons (S-LCs) through a self-activation process aimed at improving the performance of supercapacitors. Benefiting from the intensified reactivity and crosslinking degree of the polysaccharide component and the sulfur self-doping and self-activation effect of inorganic substances, the resulting S-LCs exhibit a high specific surface area (SSA), abundant porous structure, and enhanced defect activity, all contributing toward increasing the energy storage capacity of supercapacitors. The as-obtained S-LC-G250/700 features a high SSA of 892.94 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and a sulfur content of 3.3 at.%. The S-LC-G250/700 demonstrates excellent specific capacitance (e.g., 405.06 F g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>), remarkable stability (103 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles), and high energy density of 30.4 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>. Density functional theory calculations verified the advantages of the high-content sulfur self-doping of black liquor, suggesting that self-doped sulfur contributes to charge adsorption on porous carbon surfaces and promotes electron transfer in the electrolyte.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"137703"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A L García, C M Pérez Zamora, A G Michaluk, M B Nuñez, A M Gonzalez, C A Torres
{"title":"Physicochemical and functional characterization of the mucilage obtained from cladodes of two Opuntia species.","authors":"A L García, C M Pérez Zamora, A G Michaluk, M B Nuñez, A M Gonzalez, C A Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mucilage is an interesting compound found in cladodes of species of Opuntia (Cactaceae). The aim of this work was to extract the mucilages from Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) and O. quimilo (OQ) cladodes and to examine their physicochemical characteristics, microstructure, and functional properties in solution. The mucilages exhibited high contents of carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals. Both mucilages presented a diverse monosaccharide composition, mainly constituted of galactose and arabinose. The FTIR spectra showed characteristic polysaccharide nature, whereas the diffractograms demonstrated an amorphous structure. The intrinsic viscosity of OFI mucilage was 3.08 dL/g, while that of OQ mucilage was 10.33 dL/g. Although the molecular weights of both mucilages are in the order of those of commercial gums, that of OQ was higher. This is consistent with the pseudoplastic behavior of OQ mucilage. However, OFI mucilage showed Newtonian behavior over the range of concentrations evaluated. This is fully consistent with that of semi-diluted solutions and in accordance with the lower molecular weight of this mucilage. The mucilages presented maximum solubility at 60 °C, although the mucilage of OFI was slightly more soluble than that of OQ. The chemical composition and functional properties of the mucilages can be affected by the extraction method and conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"137802"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fang Yuan , Guoying Li , Zilong Li , Mingming Li , Haiquan Yang , Xiaobin Yu
{"title":"Significant enhancement of the thermal stability and catalytic efficiency of transglutaminase in Streptomyces mobaraensis engineered through the novel S. mobaraensis genomic mutant library construction method GHR/Sml","authors":"Fang Yuan , Guoying Li , Zilong Li , Mingming Li , Haiquan Yang , Xiaobin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we developed a novel <em>Streptomyces mobaraensis</em> genomic mutant library construction method, GHR/Sml, to directly and significantly enhance the thermal stability and catalytic efficiency of TGase in the genome of <em>S. mobaraensis</em>. First, 13 key amino acid residues and their mutations for enhanced thermal stability were identified using error-prone PCR and site-directed mutagenesis. Then, the GHR/Sml method was developed to construct a TGase genomic mutant library with 13 mutations. Positive mutants S23Y/Y24N/S250R, S23Y/Y24N/S303K, S23Y/Y24N/K294L, S23Y/Y24N/S199A/R208L, S23Y/Y24N, and S250R were obtained from 1500 total mutants; their half-life values at 50 °C were increased by 9.3-, 9.5-, 8.7-, 9.0-, 6.9-, and 4.8-fold compared with that of TG<sub>LD</sub>, respectively. Furthermore, the <em>k</em><sub>cat</sub>/<em>K</em><sub>m</sub> of mutant S23Y/Y24N/S250R increased by 1.25-fold over that of TG<sub>LD</sub>. The activity of S23Y/Y24N/S250R reached 65.34 U/mL in a 1000-L fermenter, which was the highest activity reported. This novel GHR/Sml method is of great significance for systematically improving properties of additional enzymes in the genome of <em>S. mobaraensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 137733"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fang Yang, Daoqiang Lu, Yiqing Chen, Fei Qi, Xiu Wang, Jie Li, Qiang Fu, Riwang Li, Di Wu, Jun Wang, Dahai Liu, Lilian Zhao
{"title":"Bioadhesive supramolecular polymer/hyaluronic acid hydrogel with zinc ion and dexamethasone slow release for diabetic wound healing.","authors":"Fang Yang, Daoqiang Lu, Yiqing Chen, Fei Qi, Xiu Wang, Jie Li, Qiang Fu, Riwang Li, Di Wu, Jun Wang, Dahai Liu, Lilian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic patients often struggle with wound healing and are at higher risk of infections, necessitating the development of a stretchable, adhesive hydrogel dressing with antibacterial and angiogenesis-promoting properties. In this study, we synthesized a series of adhesive, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory hydrogels using free radical polymerization with materials including methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide (THMA), and 3-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propyl methacrylate (DPAMA). By leveraging the strong affinity of zinc(II)-dipicolylamine coordination complexes for the phosphorylated groups in dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DMSP), Zn<sup>2+</sup> and DMSP were successfully incorporated into the hydrogel. The results demonstrated that the hydrogels possessed excellent adhesiveness and mechanical properties, enabling them to adhere closely to the skin while remaining easily removable without causing trauma. Antibacterial tests demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), attributed to the slow release of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, which effectively suppressed bacterial growth. Additionally, the slow release of DMSP provided strong anti-inflammatory effects. The DHTDZ2 hydrogel, containing 1.5 mg/mL Zn<sup>2+</sup> and 4 mg/mL DMSP, significantly accelerated the healing of full-thickness skin wounds. In vitro angiogenesis, immunofluorescence, and immuno-histochemical results further confirmed that the DHTDZ2 hydrogel promoted angiogenesis and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. In summary, the hydrogel is an effective wound healing dressing that can reduce wound infections and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"137752"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of magnetic field exposure patterns on polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis by Haloferax mediterranei at extreme hypersaline context: Carbon distribution and salt tolerance.","authors":"Hui-Juan Yan, You-Wei Cui, Si Chen, Xu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by extremophiles presents a promising alternative to mitigate pollution originating from the use of petroleum-based plastics. This study focuses on the impact of different magnetic field (MF) exposure patterns on PHA production and carbon metabolism, aiming to enhance PHA productivity by Haloferax mediterranei within the extreme hypersaline environment and subsequently reducing production costs. Results indicated that under 300 g/L salinity, the highest PHA productivity (1.45 ± 0.06 g/(L d)) and PHA content (65.91 % PHA/cell dry weight) were achieved with 50 mT MF exposure throughout the fermentation period. Continuous exposure to 50 mT MF proved vital for maximizing cell biomass and PHA productivity. Continuous exposure to 50 mT MF enabled Haloferax mediterranei to channel acetyl-CoA towards the PHA synthesis pathway while maintaining growth and proliferation. Correlation analysis further proved the principal role of carbon flux on PHA accumulation. Due to the demand for balancing osmotic pressure, cellular substances were sacrificed to ensure PHA synthesis as anti-salinity substance. Meanwhile, the observed promotion of MF on PHA production, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and K<sup>+</sup> uptake contributed to sustaining cellular activity at 300 g/L salinity. This study provides a non-gene editing approach to enhance PHA productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"137769"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Pan, Chao Song, Li Li, Lina Xu, Peiying Zhang, Juqun Xi, Lei Fan, Jie Han, Rong Guo
{"title":"Hofmeister effect enhanced SiO<sub>2</sub>/gelatin-based hydrophobically associated hydrogels and their lubricating properties.","authors":"Wei Pan, Chao Song, Li Li, Lina Xu, Peiying Zhang, Juqun Xi, Lei Fan, Jie Han, Rong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, hydrogel materials with suitable energy dissipation mechanisms and excellent mechanical properties have attracted much attention in tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the natural cartilage structure. However, in cartilage tissue's regeneration and repair process, hydrogel materials should also possess satisfactory lubrication properties and biocompatibility. Therefore, preparing biocompatible low friction, high toughness hydrogels remain a challenge. In this paper, a new strategy is proposed to use gelatin, acrylamide (AM), lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and SiO<sub>2</sub> to construct hydrophobically associated hydrogels, where gelatin was used as an emulsifier and SiO<sub>2</sub> was used to a nano-enhanced filler. Then the Hofmeister effect enhanced SiO<sub>2</sub>/gelatin-based hydrophobically associated hydrogels were prepared by one-step immersion in ammonium sulfate solution. The results showed that the strong \"salting out\" effect of ammonium sulfate solution on gelatin led to further enhancement of the hydrophobic interactions between gelatin molecular chains, which significantly improved the mechanical properties and lubrication ability of the hydrogels. Furthermore, Calcein AM-PI fluorescent staining and haemolysis assays showed that the hydrogel had low cytotoxicity and good haemocompatibility, and ELISA and scratch assays confirmed the positive regulatory effect of the hydrogel on normal cell growth. The Hofmeister effect-enhanced SiO<sub>2</sub>/gelatin-based hydrophobically associated hydrogels have potential applications in articular cartilage repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"137801"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingfei Wang , Meiyi Wu , Ruiting Zhang , Chongruihan Li , Chaoqun Li , Shuangling Zhong , Yan Gao , Qingye Meng , Xuejun Cui
{"title":"Carboxymethylcellulose-based aggregation-induced emission antibacterial material for multifunctional applications","authors":"Jingfei Wang , Meiyi Wu , Ruiting Zhang , Chongruihan Li , Chaoqun Li , Shuangling Zhong , Yan Gao , Qingye Meng , Xuejun Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysaccharides are ubiquitous in nature, typically harmless, and highly compatible with various tissues in biomedical contexts. These properties make them attractive for use in multifunctional materials. In this study, the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) antibacterial material (PLOCMC) was successfully synthesized by carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and ε-Poly-Lysine (ε-PL). PLOCMC exhibits not only the AIE property but also a room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) phenomenon. This dual emission behavior enhances its potential applications in chemical sensing and anti-counterfeiting. Notably, PLOCMC shows low cytotoxicity and exhibits antibacterial activity against typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making it a potent agent against a variety of bacterial strains. Additionally, PLOCMC demonstrates specific responsiveness to Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions and nitrite, indicating its potential utility in food safety and monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 137740"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}