Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia最新文献

{"title":"The study of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire (1861–1914) in pre-revolutionary historiography: university schools of Ukraine","authors":"E. A. Brukhanchik","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-3-83-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-3-83-92","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the university schools of Ukraine that developed issues of credit and finance of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century in the pre-revolutionary period. Its purpose is to determine the main scientific achievements of the Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odessa schools of financial law in studying the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire (1861–1914) by establishing the features of pre-revolutionary Ukrainian historiography, identifying the characteristics of each of these scientific schools, and identifying their representatives. The relevance of the article is determined by studying the scientific heritage of the most progressive schools of financial law, whose representatives not only participated in legislative activities (preparation of draft legislative acts on the implementation of the foreclosure operation, financial reform of 1895–1897, in the field of small loans), were part of the collegial management bodies largest banks, but also put forward original ideas of both practical and theoretical nature. Many proposals of Ukrainian economists formed the basis for new areas of economic thought (M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky is one of the founder of institutionalism). Their legacy can be applied in solving modern strategic tasks of the state. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time systematized the ideas of Ukrainian schools of economists regarding credit and finance of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The characteristic features of the Kyiv scientific school (status representatives, progressive ideas, contribution to the development of institutionalism), Kharkiv school (popularization of the ideas of credit cooperation, conducting scientific seminars on pressing economic issues) and Odessa school (criticism of banks, their classification) are determined. The most common topics for research are noted, prominent representatives are listed.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hoard of temple rings from the hillfort of Baroniki (Viciebsk)","authors":"V. N. Tarasevich, Vasily M. Vasiliev","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-3-64-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-3-64-71","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to two temple rings, which are a part of the hoard from the hillfort of Baroniki (Viciebsk). Temple rings are now kept in the National Historical Museum of the Republic of Belarus. The absence of direct analogies and the circumstances of finding of things allowed G. V. Shtyhau to date this complex very approximately. Therefore, the aim of the research is to clarify the dating of the hoard. According to the authors, this can be done on the basis of the analysis of the stylistic features of the appearance of the rings and, thus, to identify traditions that could affect their creating. It was established that the «ornamental motifs» used in the making of rings from Baroniki were widespread in the forest and forest steppe zones of Central and Eastern Europe during the Migration Period. Due to this, the rings can be dated from the end of the 5th century to the end of the 7th – beginning of the 8th century. The results of the research can be used as a source for the reconstruction of the womenʼs jewelry attire of the population of the Belarusian Dzvina Region in the second half of the 1st millennium AD.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43723687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Депутаты III и IV Государственной думы от Могилёвской губернии: социальные и политические характеристики","authors":"Д. С. Лавринович","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-2-31-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-2-31-39","url":null,"abstract":"Раскрывается социальный статус членов Государственной думы от Могилёвской губернии. Показано, что из-за цензового характера избирательного закона от 3 июня 1907 г. в составе депутатского корпуса преобладали представители элитарных групп населения (дворяне, крупные землевладельцы), большой вес имели депутаты из церковной и чиновничьей среды. По политическим убеждениям практически все посланцы Могилёвской губернии являлись сторонниками консервативного лагеря. В центре внимания думцев оказались столыпинская земельная реформа и законопроект о введении выборных земств в западных губерниях Российской империи. В 1915 г. часть депутатов IV Думы от Могилёвской губернии примкнули к «Прогрессивному блоку» и приняли участие в борьбе против царского правительства, а Б. А. Энгельгардт, как председатель военной комиссии Временного комитета Государственной думы, сыграл важную роль во время Февральской революции 1917 г.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":"1 1","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69454874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Turkey on the policy of neutrality and foreign policy of Turkmenistan (1995–2016)","authors":"Нурбиби Хулагулыевна Худайбердиева","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-2-51-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-2-51-58","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the attitude of Turkey to the policy of neutrality of Turkmenistan in the period from 1995 to 2016. Based on the geopolitical situation in the Central Asian region in the post-Soviet period, the author identifies the reasons for Turkmenistan’s adoption of a neutral status. Among the reasons for this decision by the Turkmen leadership are the deterioration of the situation in the region, the desire of the great powers and regional leaders to strengthen their positions in Central Asia, including in the energy sector, Turkey’s active position in the post-Soviet period aimed at developing political, energy, and humanitarian contacts, and the desire of The Niyazov regime to limit external influence on the country’s internal and foreign policy. The author noted the influence of the status of neutrality on the implementation of Turkmenistan’s foreign policy and the attitude of Turkey to this process. In the development of Turkmenistan’s neutrality policy in 1995–2016, two stages can be conditionally distinguished: the first is 1995–2006 when the policy of neutrality bordering on isolationism, which seriously limited Turkey’s contacts with Turkmenistan; the second is 2007–2016 when the expansion of cooperation between Turkmenistan and Turkey, including in the security sphere. In the 2007–2016 Turkey sought to expand its geopolitical influence over Turkmenistan by maintaining its neutrality, which led to the formation of a close political and economic dialogue between Ankara and Ashgabat.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49530443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the question of the personality of Zhiroslav Nazhirovich who led the Kyiv troops to Mensk in 1159","authors":"Vitaliy M. Nagirnyy, S. Tsemushau","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-2-5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-2-5-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the biography of the Kyiv voivode Zhiroslav Nazhirovich. The boyar is mentioned in the Kyiv Chronicle only once, in 1159, when he leaded the military unit of Torks that had been by the Kyiv prince Rostislav Mstislavich to Mensk to help the Polotsk prince Rogvolod Borisovich. The author admits that Zhiroslav was born in the first third of the 12th century and could be the son of both Nazhir from the entourage of Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh and Nazhir Pereyaslavich who served the Prince of Kyiv Izyaslav Davidovich. Based on the laconic data of the chronicles one can assume that Zhiroslav, although he yielded in status to other Kyiv voivodes, he had the considerable experience in military affairs. The further fate of Nazhirovich, after his returning from the Mensk campaign in 1159, is not analyzed in the sources. His possible descendants can be the Trepolsky sergeant Sdeslav Zhiroslavich and the Kyiv voivode Daniil Zhirovich (Nazhirovich).","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47843086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The administrative and canonical status of the Belarusian Metropolis during the periods of German occupation and post-war emigration (1941–1956)","authors":"A. Slesarau","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-2-40-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-2-40-50","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to considering the specifics of the administrative and canonical status of the Belarusian Metropolis in the diaspora, during 1946–1956 stayed in the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. The conclusion is drawn about what happened from 1950 to 1956 phasing down the status of the metropolis, which led to the cessation of its existence. One of the most important reasons for the liquidation of the Belarusian Metropolis in the diaspora seems to be the fear of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad bishop about the possible occurrence of disturbances in church life caused by the national question. The liquidation of the Belarusian Metropolis led to a deeper integration of Belarusian emigrants into the cultural environment of the Russian diaspora.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47458706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First World War and emerging of a new regional order in the Balkans: an augmentation of small states' role","authors":"O. Aganson","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-7-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-7-17","url":null,"abstract":"The First World War launched a tremendous restructuring of the international system. One of its major outcomes was a transformation of the small states of Central and South-Eastern Europe from objects to subjects of international relations. Having emerged or enlarged their territories in wake of multinational empires’ collapse, the small states became key players on the regional level. Reshaping of the Balkan regional order is of a particular interest to researchers as the Balkan instability triggered destruction of the previous international system. The purpose of the article is to understand how a world conflict, which had broken out in South-Eastern Europe, transformed the region. To do this the author dwells upon three sets of question. The first is the Balkan contribution in the origins of the First World War. The second is an interplay of factors which caused reshaping of the Balkan political space during the war years. The third is a new landscape of the postwar order in South-Eastern Europe. Methodological approaches applied here define new and actual character of this article. The author uses conceptual tools of the theory of international relations to analyze a process of region «building» which took place in circumstances of «tectonic» shifts within the international system in the early decades of the 20th century. Thus, the author applies the analytical model of the regional order as well as key definitions of the theory of international relations – great power, small state (the article focuses on Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece), principle of self-determination. It is concluded that the regional order emerged in the Balkans in wake of the First World War was a result of multi-dimensional interaction of factors. They are as follows: 1) the military, strategic and foreign policy planning of hostile coalitions of powers (the Entente and the bloc of the Central powers), seeking to win the loyalty of regional allies; 2) demonstrated by the small states understanding that the war had opened a «window of opportunity» to put into life their national interests and programs; 3) the decline of traditional multi-ethnic empires, which had formed political atmosphere in the Balkans. It is stated that a landscape of post-war regional order in the Balkans was determined with cooperation and competition of the local national states in the situation when the multi-ethnic empires had disappeared from the Balkan political space while the architects of the Versailles system – Great Britain and France seemed to be less interested in South-Eastern Europe in after war years. It meant that the new Balkan order enjoyed a relative autonomy compared to the previous one.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of museums of higher educational institutions of the BSSR in 1920–30s (on the example of training collections of the Belarusian State University)","authors":"Darya I. Pryhodzich","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-78-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-78-84","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the process of acquiring the funds of the museums of the higher school of the BSSR in the 1920–30s on the example of the formation of scientific collections of the museums of the Belarusian State University. To study the problems of the stock activities of the museum, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, description, classification based on the principle of historicism were used. The source base is belt on materials from the fund 205 of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus that reflects the history of the BSU. The study of the sources and methods of receipt of museum items in the funds of university museums made it possible to consider the features of educational museums, identify priority areas for acquisition, reveal the specifics of the financial activities of museums, find organizations that contribute to fund activities, and characterize the ways in which museum items are received. The main forms of acquiring the funds of the BSU museums were donation (from scientists, major museums, educational and scientific institutions, organizations), collection of museum items during various scientific expeditions, business trips, production of exhibits in training workshops by scientists and university students, exchange and official acquisition of museum items. The combination of various forms and directions of forming the funds of the BSU museums provided the university with systematized, scientifically organized educational collections. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics, completeness and systematic character of the collections determined the high scientific level of development of educational museums of the BSU.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46824127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Деньги «на вознаграждение работ и убытков» для минского старосты Кшиштофа Завиши и его спор с литовскими подскарбиями в первой четверти XVIII в.","authors":"Александра Шкрипец","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-30-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-30-37","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the efforts of Krzysztof Zawisza the warden of Minsk to receive the money promised to him by August II. It was a gift from the king to reward the loyalty and service that Zawisza gave to the monarch. It took over 20 years to get the money because Michal Kociell the Lithuanian treasurer was the personal enemy of Zawisza. Nevertheless some part of the promised sum went to his hands. The purpose of the article is to show the conflict over the payment of money, and in this example to show the specificity of political relations in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. The article is based on archival materials and raises an important topic for the history of the former lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69454828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Slovak National Uprising 1944","authors":"M. Syrný","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-24-29","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the Slovak National Uprising and its role in defeat of nazi Germany. It is shown that after the so-called Munich Treaty and creation of (First) Slovak Republic the majority of population was satisfied with state of affairs. The bombings of Bratislava by US Air Force in June 1944 caused increasing of local Resistance groups. This situation triggered off the decision of the Germans to occupy Slovakia. It is spoken in detail about course of the uprising. Author proposes the division of uprising into three phases depends on activities from both sides. Attention is given to the role of the USSR support to insurgents and reinforcing of Slovak Communist Party and other left parties. Despite of defeat of uprising this movement had positive consequences in politics, economy and culture of Slovakian territory. The author comes to conclusion that Slovak National Uprising was political victory which gave acceptable position towards President E. Beneš and Moscow.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69454820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}