Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia最新文献_第9页

The social biography of the Lublin Diet’s participant (1569): Peter Kisel and Cimafiej Hurka 卢布林议会参与者的社会传记(1569年):彼得·基塞尔和奇玛菲耶·胡尔卡

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-10-21

U. Padalinski

{"title":"The social biography of the Lublin Diet’s participant (1569): Peter Kisel and Cimafiej Hurka","authors":"U. Padalinski","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-10-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-10-21","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the biographies of Peter Kisel and Cimafiej Hurka, who represented the Viciebsk district at the Diet of 1569 and directly participated in the conclusion of the Union of Lublin. For a long time in historiography, attention was paid only to the most influential figures of this Diet. However, the simple, «unremarkable» representatives of the wide circles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’ nobility played their role in the negotiations on the union. Interests and ideas, conscious and values, and finally, the personal experience of these people directly determined their social and political position, and therefore, to one degree or another, the life of the entire state. The aim of research is to reflect the most important forms of social activity of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’ petty and middle nobility in the second half of the 16th century on the example of two Viciebsk noblemen’s unique destinies. It shows the influence of the military and political events of the 1560s on political activities of Peter Kisel and Cimafiej Hurka. The Livonian War’s experience definitely influenced their position on the conclusion of the union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Kingdom in 1569. The author concludes that it was the cardinal transformations of the 1560s (state reforms, the establishment of the Commonwealth) that allowed them to actively participate in a public life of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It also enabled Kisel and Hurka noble families to take a firm place among the political elite of the Viciebsk district for a long time. It is emphasized that a detailed study of «unremarkable» noblemen’s biographies provides advanced research of the noble estate of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47049144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The functions of ancient Egyptian obelisks (according to the inscriptions on the 18th and 19th dynasties monuments) 古埃及方尖碑的功能(根据18、19朝纪念碑上的铭文)

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-57-70

A. Spartak

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引用次数: 0

Lepel district gentry at the turn of 18th–19th centuries 18–19世纪之交的勒佩尔区士绅

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-47-56

S. L. Lougovtsova

{"title":"Lepel district gentry at the turn of 18th–19th centuries","authors":"S. L. Lougovtsova","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-47-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-47-56","url":null,"abstract":"The question of the distribution of the Belarusian gentry in cities, towns and rural settlements is poorly understood in Belarusian historiography. Specific data on the level of mobility of the Belarusian nobility are missing in the scientific literature. This determines the relevance of this study. The aim of the article is to clarify the place of residence of the Lepel district gentry of the Viciebsk province of the Russian Empire at the turn of 18th–19th centuries and to determine their level of mobility. The author of the article on the basis of archival sources comes to the following conclusions. Agriculture was the basis of the gentry’s activities, it identified as the main places of residence of its representatives villages, «okolitsy» and «zastenki» (about 77 % of the gentry of the Lepel district). About 4 % of the gentry of the Lepel district lived in townships. The proportion of gentry in towns was about 3 %. In the landed estates lived about 11 % of the Lepel district gentry. The «okolitsy» met most rarely in Lepel district among the settlements located in the countryside. The gentry changed their place of residence, first of all, in search of more favorable conditions for the lease of land, service in landlord estates, as well as for family reasons. The population of «zastenki», as a rule, did not exceed 20 people. For objective reasons, it was not possible to find out the place of residence of 5 % of the gentry of the district. Szlachta of the Lepel district was distinguished by a high level of its mobility: in the period from 1795 to 1819, at least 24 % of the gentry changed their residence, which seriously hampered the registration of this category of population in the Russian Empire.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43854719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

1708 year in the Belarus: an comparative analysis of the three biggest battles blind spots 1708年在白俄罗斯：三大战役盲点的比较分析

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-31-39

O. Slisarenko

{"title":"1708 year in the Belarus: an comparative analysis of the three biggest battles blind spots","authors":"O. Slisarenko","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-31-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-31-39","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to one of the key moments of the Great Northern war – the campaign of the Swedish king Charles XII to Moscow. The historians of this campaign until now has not come to a consensus about what caused the sudden turn of the Swedish army to the South with a main route to Moscow. In the article on the basis of the analysis of historiographical achievements of recent years, a comparative analysis of military operations that took place on the territory of Belarus in the summer – autumn of 1708. In this period there were three major battles at the crossings of important water boundaries: when Golovchino, Maletichy and Lesnaja. All of them had different outcomes, so it is interesting to analyze in detail the features of these battles. The author believes that the Russian army managed to combine the impact on the Swedish army of different kind of troops: guards infantry, horse dragoon regiments and irregular cavalry (cossacks, kalmyks and tatars). The Russian army tried to weaken the enemy forces by creating difficulties in supply. The main motive for turning to the South of Charles XII was the loss of a military convoy, accompanied by a corps Lewenhaupt. The degree of reliability of the sources covering the events of the Great Northern war on the territory of Belarus in 1708 is analyzed. Based on the method of comparative analysis of sources, the author attempts to restore the real picture of the events. The conclusion is made about deliberate distortion of facts in the official Russian historiography in order to create a positive image of Tsar Peter I and his associates both in the international arena and within the country. The stability of this tradition for a long time is revealed.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49328561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Notes about Michelangelo 关于米开朗基罗的笔记

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-105-113

P. A. Aleshin

引用次数: 0

Volto del Cavallo in Ferrara: problems of time, space, glory and memory 费拉拉的Volto del Cavallo:时间、空间、荣耀和记忆的问题

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-84-95

O. S. Smagol

引用次数: 0

The breviary of Ercole I d’Este and the classical tradition in Ferrara illumination of the end 15th – the beginning 16th century 十五世纪末至十六世纪初，埃斯特的短篇小说与费拉拉照明的古典传统

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-96-104

Daria A. Churkina

{"title":"The breviary of Ercole I d’Este and the classical tradition in Ferrara illumination of the end 15th – the beginning 16th century","authors":"Daria A. Churkina","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-96-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-96-104","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents one of the masterpieces of Renaissance Ferrara illumination – the Breviary of Ercole I d’Este (1502–1505). This manuscript was created during the active development of printing, and this fact underlines its special status and importance for the customer, and also demonstrates the stability of artistic traditions at the Ferrara court. At the same period – the first years of the 16th century – the artistic language of the Early Renaissance was changed for completely different traditions of the High Renaissance art. First of all, it was expressed in the leading role of classical motifs. The Breviary of Ercole I demonstrates the development of the classical tradition in Ferrara illumination. The article presents the manuscript in the context of the court culture of Renaissance Ferrara, providing the stylistic and iconographic analysis of the manuscript decor. The creation of the Breviary of Ercole I reflected the identity of his customer, Duke Ercole I d’Este, who contributed to the development of the humanistic culture in Ferrara. At the same time, Ercole I was a very religious man, and his personal religiosity became an important virtue of a ruler. Matteo da Milano, a representative of the Lombard school of book illumination, characterized by the classical ornamental decoration, created the most impressive elements of the manuscript decor. Besides him, there were other artists to decorate the Breviary, but their miniatures are more connected with the 15th century local tradition. In the art of Ferrara, the classical tradition took part of the «politics of magnificence». The abundance of classical motifs in this manuscript, thus, could be the goal of the customer who wished to glorify himself in this special way.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49490890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Люблинская уния в контексте нарративного минимализма и правового историзма конца XVI – первой половины XVII в. 卢布林联盟是在叙事极权主义和法律历史主义的背景下建立的，从16世纪末到17世纪上半叶。

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-22-30

Vitali V. Halubovich

{"title":"Люблинская уния в контексте нарративного минимализма и правового историзма конца XVI – первой половины XVII в.","authors":"Vitali V. Halubovich","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-22-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-22-30","url":null,"abstract":"Прааналізаваны звесткі пра Люблінскую унію 1569 г. з наратыўных і дакументальных крыніц, якія адносяцца да часоў праўлення першых манархаў дынастыі Ваза. Вызначаны асноўныя кантэксты ўжывання тэрміна «унія» ў соймавых канстытуцыях і дакументацыі з’ездаў шляхты Вялікага Княства Літоўскага. Зроблены высновы пра механізм трансляцыі памяці пра унію і адносіны да яе шляхты Вялікага Княства Літоўскага. Выяўлена непасрэдная карэляцыя паміж адзнакамі уніі на розных узроўнях дзяржаўных прадстаўнічых устаноў Рэчы Паспалітай. Паказана, што Люблінскі сойм 1569 г. быў ключавой падзеяй у гісторыі Усходняй Еўропы, але ў гістарычных працах (хроніках і летапісах) другой паловы XVI – пачатку XVII ст. звесткі пра яго маюць лаканічны і агульны характар. Зроблена выснова пра тое, што ў канцы XVI – першай палове XVII ст. памяць пра Люблінскую унію трансліравалася пераважна не праз наратыўныя крыніцы. Вельмі істотную ролю ў актуалізацыі падзей 1569 г. адыгрывалі прававыя акты і пастановы дзяржаўных устаноў. Вынікам дзяржаўнага саюзу Вялікага Княства Літоўскага з Польшчай стала зацвярджэнне норм публічнага права, якія не маглі быць праігнараваны ніводным прадстаўніком так званага палітычнага народа Вялікага Княства Літоўскага ў наступныя стагоддзі. Сцвярджаецца, што ў цэлым шляхта Вялікага Княства Літоўскага не ставіла пад сумненне правільнасць выбару 1569 г., прыняла і абараняла «люблінскі міф», паколькі ў тых умовах мела ад гэтага больш пераваг, чым страт.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":"1 1","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69454763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Dea Segetia on Reverse of Coins of Empress Salonina 皇后萨洛妮娜硬币背面的狄亚·塞格蒂亚

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2018-12-26 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2018-4-64-74

Agata A. Kluczek

{"title":"Dea Segetia on Reverse of Coins of Empress Salonina","authors":"Agata A. Kluczek","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2018-4-64-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2018-4-64-74","url":null,"abstract":"The Ancient Romans knew a deity named Segesta and Segetia. In Gallia there was a cult of dea Segeta. A link between them in the contemporary interpretations became the antonimniani of DEAE SEGETIAE type issues under Valerian and Gallienus for empress Salonina (258–260 AD). According to some researchers, the figure on its reverses is Segesta/Segetia, a deity worshipped in Rome itself. Others suggest that dea Segeta, originates from Gallia. The advocates of both these views notice, however, that the only certain representation of this deity – known by name in the monetary legend – is her image in the coin iconography. Dea Segetia represented on the coins as a syncretic figure which possessed broad competences, all the more so that it received a very comprehensive iconographic form. The article is an overview of various interpretations put on the contents of aurei and antoniniani of DEAE SEGETIAE type, emitted for Salonina Augusta, the wife of the Roman Emperor Gallienus (253–268). Except for this case, the name of Segetia does not appear anywhere else in the imperial coinage while the image of the goddess on these coins combines several features more frequently found in the representations of other deities.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48414117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deviation of the behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society 盎格鲁-撒克逊社会行为范式的偏离

Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-68-73

Ihar O. Yeutukhou Yeutukhou

{"title":"Deviation of the behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society","authors":"Ihar O. Yeutukhou Yeutukhou","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-68-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-68-73","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the deviant violations of the accepted behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society, reflected in Old English charters. The article deals with only one form of deviant violation of the paradigm of behavior – crime. The old English lawsuits charters were chosen as the object of analysis. The author proves that the reaction of society to the offense was placed in a wide range of forcing: from confiscation to expulsion and outlawing. In charters of the 10th century (Fonthill letter, charter S 1455; the expulsion of Æðelsig for stealing a pig, charter S 886; the confiscation of Æðelflӕda estate for the help for her exiled brother Leofsin, charter S 926) uses verbs flyman, afliman, exulare with the semantics ‘to expel, to force, to flee’. In the charters of the 11th century (the lawsuit of the widow in Ailsworth and her son, charter S 1377), the word utlah, from which the modern outlaw derives, is used instead of these verbs. Thus, the author shows that the control over the maintenance of the paradigm of behavior in the equilibrium state was two-level. The first level of impact was the confiscation of property in the case of a single crime not involving with attempt on the life of another person. The second level of influence was the outlawing of a person for the re-theft or the murder of one or more people. The king and Bishop had the right to apply last measure. However, some serious crimes related to the murders and robbery (crimes of Wulfbald and his widow, charter S 877) were not connected with the expulsion. The reasons for this are unknown due to the fragmentary preservation of the sources. In particular, it is not known how the story of Wulfbald’s widow ended.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47465043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0