Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia最新文献

{"title":"Elements of militarisation of the Atbasar and Botai cultures of Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"D. Baigunakov, V. Zaibert, G. Sabdenova","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-43-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-43-52","url":null,"abstract":"The huge changes that took place after the domestication of the horse at the beginning of the paleometall in the field of material and spiritual culture, in the social organisation of societies, undoubtedly affected the production of various tools. There were new types of tools that could be used as weapons. The tips of spears, arrows, darts, knives, harpoons, hammers, bolas and other artifacts from more than two hundred sites of Northern Kazakhstan, related to the Atbasar (7000–3000 BC) and Botai (4000–3000 BC) cultures give an opportunity to consider questions of forms of early militarisation of ancient societies. Some tools, their seriality and significant standardisation indicate that they could be universal and complex, they were used in agriculture, as well as in military clashes. After the domestication of the horse, the world of paleometall entered a new generation of wars aimed at the direct destruction of the enemy by cavalry. This is a fundamental change in the nature of armed conflicts, the transformation of the content of war or armed struggle in Antiquity. If the hostile conflicts among hunter-gatherers, which were the bearers of the Atbasar culture, are primarily local, then for the Botai people they are already reaching the interregional level.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69454881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nomenclature of diplomatic agents as a source on the history of the English diplomatic corps of Henry VII","authors":"Dmitry V Mazarchuk","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-28-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-28-34","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the analysis of the use of diplomatic nomenclature during the reign of Henry VII are presented. A total of 12 terms were identified, of which 5 were the most commonly used to refer to English ambassadors. The diplomatic nomenclature was poorly ordered, the terminology did not reflect the specific functional duties of the persons sent to the mission. The only exceptions were missions to receive cash payments due under an agreement with France. At the same time, the process of unification of the diplomatic nomenclature began, which was reflected in the use of stable formulas in the texts of ambassadorial powers of attorney. Based on the analysis of the diplomatic nomenclature, a conclusion was made about the fact that at the turn of the 15th–16th centuries ambassador hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45519826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenomenon of mask as medium in world cultural history","authors":"N. Kirillova","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-63-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-63-71","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the phenomenon of the mask as a unique phenomenon of culture. The subject of analysis is the symbolism of the mask as a medium and a mythological code in different historical eras determined by certain socio-cultural trends. Having originated in primitive society, the mask has been developing throughout the history of human civilisation. In the study it was proved that one of the main social functions of the mask, which has arisen historically, is to be a medium, that is, an intermediary between man and society, the real and mythological worlds. Taking the genesis and evolution of the mask as a basis for the study, analysis of the interaction of the mask and myth-making in the history of ritual and theatrical culture, the authors proceed from the relevance of this problem in the context of the new social and cultural reality, including the pandemic, when the mask becomes a symbol of protection.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Too much ideological bitterness has been added to this issue»: V. N. Andreev’s correspondence with M. Finley","authors":"S. Karpyuk","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-72-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-72-79","url":null,"abstract":"The documents of M. Finley in the library of Cambridge University and in the personal fund of V. N. Andreev in the manuscript department of the Russian National Library in Saint Petersburg contain letters from two historians. The correspondence of M. Finley and V. N. Andreev shows that the Soviet scientist was not only a situational Finlean, but also quite consciously followed the principles of M. Finley’s work with sources. Acquaintance with M. Finley’s works and correspondence with him significantly influenced V. N. Andreev: he became a follower of an English scientist, working outside the framework of scientific schools that existed in Soviet scholarship. Correspondence with M. Finley shows a high degree of inclusion of a Soviet scientist in the current agenda of world science about Antiquity in the late 1950s – first half of the 1960s, however, the closeness of the Soviet scientific community, the lack of full-fledged international communication did not contribute to the perception of V. N. Andreev’s ideas by Western scientists. For M. Finley, V. N. Andreev was apparently just one of his many followers scattered around the world. The lack of personal contact did not allow this position to be changed. The very fact that the Soviet scientist in matters of methodology followed and listened to the advice of the scientist of the «bourgeois» testified that the Soviet historiography of Antiquity since the late 1950s could no longer be perceived as a single stream; the Soviet historical narrative of the thaw era ceases to be unified.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49033481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harari’s concept of macrohistory: origins of popularity and academic status","authors":"Anatoliy I. Zelenkov, Yana A. Yahela","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-15-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-15-27","url":null,"abstract":"The unprecedentedly high level of popularity of Y. N. Harari, а professor at the faculty of history of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and his main book trilogy, foreground the problem of interpreting and explaining the so-called Hararimania phenomenon, which has become a notable event in the academic community and popular culture of modern Western societies. The purpose of this article is the historical and philosophical reconstruction of the creative evolution of Y. N. Harari with an emphasis on identifying the fundamental meaning and status of his concept of macrohistory in this evolution (process). At the same time, the internal inconsistency of this concept is substantiated, which is largely responsible for the dual nature of its perception and assessments in the mass media and professional academic discussions. The designated goal of the article is achieved through contextual interpretation and the solution of its several basic tasks. Among them: identifying and explaining the most important stages of the professional socialisation of Y. N. Harari, as well as determining the reasons behind his transition from medieval studies to macrohistory; identifying the thematic priorities of Y. N. Harari, special attention is paid to the topic of transformation of homo sapiens into homo deus; characterising the educational role of Y. N. Harari’s concept of macrohistory, in particular, the part of it that is associated with the popularisation of modern science and its futurological potential; carrying out a contextual analysis of Y. N. Harari’s idea about a new humanistic revolution, in the process of which classical ideas about humanism and liberalism must necessarily give way to techno-humanism and the data religion. The novelty of this article is determined by the following circumstances. Though there is extensive debate about the work of Y. N. Harari this article represents one of the first attempts to implement not only a historical, but also a philosophical and conceptual reconstruction of his main ideas set forth in the famous book trilogy. Simultaneously this is one of the first articles to make the analysis of Y. N. Harari’s concept of macrohistory the main focus point. This sets us apart from most of the publications devoted to Y. N. Harari, which are usually presented in the form of short and purely descriptive literary reviews. The article presents a new aspect to consider about the creative evolution of the Israeli historian – the interpretation of the causes and origins of the significant popularity of his ideas and main publications. These include the author’s deep understanding of the specifics of mass consciousness and the way its representatives perceive popular science texts. This subtle and adequate understanding largely explains the emotional figurative language, genre originality and literary style of Y. N. Harari.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical and philosophical understanding of the essence and role of ethnic stereotypes in the modern world","authors":"Olga V. Kurbacheva","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-53-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-53-62","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the historical and philosophical understanding of the ethnic stereotype in the modern global world. The relevance of the study is dictated, on the one hand, by the increasing level of anxiety and aggressiveness in the virtual and real space, the escalation of ethno-cultural tension, ethnophobia, as well as the increasing ethnic stereotyping in society. And, on the other hand, the lack of comprehensive and systematic studies of the problem of ethnic stereotypes in the context of modern collisions. In this regard, the article proposes a substantive historical and philosophical analysis of the nature of ethnic stereotypes, revealing not only the structural components and features of ethnic stereotyped thinking, but also the significance of ethnic stereotypes in diagnosing the prospects for ethnocultural interaction. The article differentiates authentic and artificially mythologised ethnic stereotypes, and also reveals the special role of the ethnic stereotype as a tool that can be used both to escalate tension and bring together ethnic and cultural communities. Two correlated levels in stereotyped perception are analysed: the cognitive and emotional-value levels, which together have a direct impact on the positive or negative connotation in ethnic stereotyping. The author substantiates the relationship between various distorted variants of ethnic self-expression in a hyperpositive and lithotised form and existing ethnic stereotypes, which manifests itself in ethnocultural deviation: ethnophobia, collective guilt, ethnofavoritism, ethnofanatism, etc. Exploring heterostereotypes, the author emphasises that in the conditions of open global boundaries, the attributed categorisation is conditional and therefore heterostereotypes will always act as a mental construct. The practical significance of the findings about the importance of timely detection of the transformation of ethnic stereotypes, which are a kind of indicator of ethno-cultural tension and affecting the prospect of ethno-cultural interaction in the modern multi-ethnic world, is emphasised.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48442750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reform of higher education and technical universities of Belarus in 1930–1936","authors":"Alexander N. Kuksa","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the analysis of the main directions of the reform of higher technical education of the USSR in the 1930s and their features in Belarus. On the basis of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the specifics of the development of the higher technical school of Belarus are revealed on the example of the Belarusian State Polytechnic Institute (Minsk) and the Belarusian State Mechanical Engineering Institute (Gomel). It is noted that the short period of restructuring of higher education on the principles of Western European approaches soon showed its inconsistency in the USSR. Huge territories, large-scale projects of industrialisation and collectivisation required not a narrow specialist, but an engineer capable of solving complex problems. Agricultural engineering already in 1930 began to abandon the use of Western European models of equipment, which, due to their orientation to the farmer in conditions of the huge size of collective farms and state farms, were unproductive and ineffective. These circumstances contributed to the change in the concept of higher education, which was oriented in 1932 to the consolidation of universities and specialties. The reforms carried out were enshrined in the USSR Constitution of 1936, which allowed the higher school to acquire those features that distinguished it in a favorable light in the world – accessibility, democracy and fundamentality. The liquidation of the All-Union Committee on Higher Technical Education in the same year and the creation of the All-Union Committee onHigher Education meant the completion of the process of building a higher school in the USSR.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48177723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decisions of the Сongress of the Orthodox military clergy of the Southwestern front in Proskurov in 1917","authors":"E. V. Starostenko","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-35-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-4-35-42","url":null,"abstract":"The decisions of the congresses of the military and naval clergy, held at the beginning of the 20th century, remain little studied to this day. Turning to this topic, researchers most often focus on the decisions of congresses of all-Russian significance which is the 1st All-Russian congress of the military and naval clergy (July 1914, Petrograd), less often on the decisions of the 2nd All-Russian congress of the military and naval clergy (July 1917, Mogilev). However, front-line congresses also played an important role in the history of the institute of military priests: they took place in the Southwestern (5–7 May 1917), Western (24–28 May 1917), Romanian (25 June 1917) and Northern (26–28 June 1917) fronts. This article discusses the work of the first of them which is the Сongress of the Orthodox military clergy of the Southwestern front in Proskurov in May 1917. The author of the article analyses the main decisions of this congress. The attitude of the military clergy of the front to the war, participation in the political parties, organisation of cultural and educational activities are shown. The proposals of the delegates on the reorganisation of the administration of the department and the introduction of an elective principle are analysed. It is shown whether the opinion of the participants of the congress in Proskurov coincided with the decisions of the 2nd All-Russian congress of the military and naval clergy in Mogilev. The article was prepared on the basis of archival documents and materials of the periodical press. In particular, documents from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive (Saint Petersburg) such as protocols of the sessions of the Сongress of the Orthodox military clergy of the Southwestern front, the resolutions of the protopresbyter on the decisions of the congress, the protocols of the sessions of the 2nd All-Russian congress of the military and naval clergy were used.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42974321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catholic organisation Opus Dei in Spain: origin and formation (1928–1975)","authors":"Валерия Игоревна Настусевич","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-3-71-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-3-71-81","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the history of the emergence and development of the Catholic organisation Opus Dei. The key stages of its development are determined, the social and political, educational and intra-church activities of Opus Dei members during the Franco period are analysed. Special attention is given to the history of the origin of the organisation, its structure and institutionalisation, its influence on economic policy and education in Spain, as well as obtaining the official standing of Opus Dei in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. The problems of opening the first centers of the organisation, the foundation of the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross, the formation of legal mechanisms that allowed regulating the activities of Opus Dei are considered. It also examines the economic policy of the Spanish government during the period of the second Francoism, in which the main places were occupied by members of Opus Dei. The economic reforms carried out according to the stabilisation plan (1959) and development plans (1964–1967, 1968–1971, 1972–1973) are analysed.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49620978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of approaches to the study of the power – property model in Soviet Russia of the Stalinist period","authors":"Михаил Алексеевич Безнин, Татьяна Михайловна Димони","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2022-3-49-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-3-49-60","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the review of approaches to the study of the power – property model in Soviet Russia in the late 1920s – early 1950s. The authors describe the main conclusions of domestic research of both the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, a wide front of scientific developments – in the field of history, economics, oriental studies, etc. In addition, the article presents an overview of the main conclusions of foreign, mainly European, researchers in the study of the model of power and property of the Stalinist period. The authors propose to consider the main institutions of the Russian power-proprietary system (ownership, marketability, planning, money), to study the subjects of proprietary rights, the system of divided property rights, the perception of property relations, etc. The proposed approaches will allow historical science to advance in the development of new research tasks for the study of the economic history of Russia of a unique period that entered science under the name of «Stalinist».","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42330377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}