Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia最新文献

{"title":"Internal political struggle in Scotland on the issue of the region status in 2007–2011","authors":"I. L. Kurs","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-80-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-80-85","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time in the national historiography, various aspects of the internal political struggle in Scotland regarding its political status in 2007–2011 are considered. The key actors in this struggle are identified, the forms and tools used by various political forces to realise their goals are highlighted, and the issue of the Scottish National Party as a government party is explored. The activity of two organisations – «National Conversation» and the Calman Commission, created at the initiative of two opposing camps of Scottish politics, is analysed. It is noted that as a result of their work, the discussion about the political future of the region was brought to a qualitatively new level, and all the main political forces in the region recognised the need to expand the powers of the Scottish Parliament.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47822833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Townspeople and peasants in social structure Starodub regiment (1654–1781)","authors":"Evgeniy V. Khrolenok","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-71-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-71-79","url":null,"abstract":"The territory of the Starodub regiment is unique in historical terms. Being the center of the region of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, it was one of its lands able to gain a foothold in the Getman Ukraine. At the same time, Starodubshchina is now the only part of the Hetman region that is part of the Russian Federation. Thus, the region has incorporated traditions, culture and legal customs of all three states, on the border of which it is now located. Despite the considerable interest in the history of the Starodub regiment as a whole, the social history of ordinary rural and urban residents remains poorly understood. The aim of this work is an attempt to illuminate the social situation of the pospolits: townspeople and peasants of the Starodubsky regiment from the moment the Cossack administration was established in the region in 1654 until the population of the region was subordinated to general imperial Russian standards. And also to reveal the characteristic differences of this region. The article was created on the basis of the analysis of various, including little-studied documents stored in the archives of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, as well as the works of Russian and Ukrainian scientists. The process of establishing city self-government in Starodub and the formation in its midst of a unique elite – noble bourgeois is shown. Many representatives of this social group went through the process of evolution from urban dwellers to Cossack foreman and the subsequent Russian nobility over the indicated period. In addition, the social status of rural residents of the Starodub regiment is described. Which with the establishment of the Cossack administration received personal freedom, but by the end of the 18th century completely lost her. The examples of residents of specific settlements show the methods that the peasants resorted to trying to avoid dependence on large landowners, as well as the process of distinguishing between the pospolits and the Cossack class. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the characteristic differences in the social status of urban and rural residents of the Starodub regiment from other lands that were part of the Russian Empire. The totality of the facts revealed in this way reinforces the main thesis about the complexity and versatility of this Belarusian-Russian-Ukrainian region.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49238164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitsiaz S. P., Miadzviedzieva V. U., Duchyts L. U. Researchers of the archaeological antiquities of Belarus","authors":"Aliaksandra U. Vaitovich","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-111-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-111-113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47875492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Belarusian wooden calendar from Sluck County","authors":"I. S. Butov, Dzmitry V. Skvarcheuski","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-97-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-97-110","url":null,"abstract":"Carved wooden calendars were known to many peoples from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 20th century. For example, the Scandinavian ones are well enough studied, but about the existence of such calendars among Belarusians wasn’t known for a long time. The Russian Museum of Ethnography has a carved calendar from the Sluck County. Today it is the only such Belarusian artifact. The article presents a description of a carved wooden calendar from the Čudzin Village, Sluck County. A brief overview of other calendars of a similar type is shown. The prerequisites for the formation and distribution of such artifacts on the territory of Belarus were studied. The article discusses the sign system used to designate holidays and working periods, which correlate with the calendar tradition of the region. Based on the data obtained, the authors draw conclusion about the local origin of the calendar.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44550285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of monument protection activities in Soviet Belarus in the years of «thaw» (1953–1968)","authors":"Alexander A. Huzhalouski","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-86-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-86-96","url":null,"abstract":"The author analyses the change in state policy, as well as the revival of public initiative in the field of protection of cultural monuments, as a result of the liberalisation of social and political life in Soviet Belarus during the «thaw». Public speeches of cultural figures, scientists, teachers, journalists served as an impetus for the actions of republican and local state bodies, who decided the fate of national heritage objects. The state officials and society representatives efforts undertaken during the period under review resulted with the creation of the Belarusian voluntary society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments (1966), the State inspectorate for the protection of historical, artistic, architectural and archaeological monuments (1967), as well as with the adoption of «On the protection of cultural monuments» law (1969).","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43053481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the Belarusian State University in the formation of teaching modern and contemporary history of foreign countries in higher educational institutions of Belarus in the 1930–70s","authors":"Viktar A. Astroha","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-45-51","url":null,"abstract":"The place and role of the department of modern and contemporary history of the faculty of history of the Belarusian State University in the formation and development of teaching modern and contemporary history of foreign countries in various higher educational institutions of Belarus in the period 1930–70s are analysed. The evolution of the department as a leading scientific and educational center in its field is considered. The article describes the work of teachers of the Belarusian State University in the Minsk State Pedagogical Institute named after A. M. Gorky, Vitebsk State Pedagogical Institute named after S. M. Kirov, Republican Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus, Minsk State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages, Gomel State University and etc. The conclusion is made about the important role of the Belarusian State University in the formation of teaching modern and contemporary history in higher educational institutions of Belarus in the initial period of their activity.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43342560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anton Nikitich Yasinsky and the formation of the Belarusian Medieval studies in the 1920s","authors":"Oleg I. Maliugin","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-33-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-33-44","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the scientific and pedagogical activities of the famous Slavist A. N. Yasinsky in the last – Moscow-Minsk – period of his life based on the materials of the Belarusian archives. Revolutionary events of 1917–1921 forced him, like many other representatives of the capital’s intelligentsia, to look for work in new provincial universities. Since 1922 he has been teaching at the Belarusian State University, becoming one of the founders of Belarusian Medieval and Slavic studies. In 1928 he was elected an academician of the newly created Belarusian Academy of Sciences, where he continued his studies of both the Czech Middle Ages and the history of Belarus in the Middle Ages. However, external circumstances did not allow A. N. Yasinsky to create his own scientific school in Belarus, and his research of the 1920’s remained little known to specialists.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44714573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation and development of historical science in the Belarusian State University (1920–50s)","authors":"Alіaksandr G. Kakhanouskі, Aleh A. Yanouski","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-7-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-7-18","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the century long way of formation and development of historical science at the Belarusian State University. It is concluded that from the very beginning of the university’s activity, the most important directions of historical research were formed in it. A special place was occupied by Belarusian studies, which became the sphere of professional activity of both historians and archaeologists, ethnographers, source researchers, historiographers, and archivists. At the same time, Russian and Slavic history was also deeply studied and since the 1920s. Belarusian antiquity, media studies, novistics et cetera has originated. It is noted that such a wide range of studies was largely determined by the fact that the university had to train specialists in the relevant fields of knowledge. Historians of BSU initiated the creation of separate research societies and institutions, including the Institute of Belarusian Culture and the Belarusian Academy of Sciences. Highlighted the stages of development of university historical science, which were characterised by their distinctive features and were determined by socio-political factors. The current state of the historical science of BSU is outlined.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48619098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A. V. Mishulin and forming of the Moscow research and education centre for ancient history in 1930–40","authors":"Sergey G. Karpyuk","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2021-2-85-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-2-85-90","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the activities of A. V. Mishulin as a science and education organiser. His activities lead to very fast development of research studies and education of the ancient history in Moscow in 1930–40s. A. V. Mishulin was a true representative of communist-scientific bureacracy. The author uses documents from Moscow archives to analyse Mishulin’s role in development of the Soviet historical science.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48771387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic politics towards Germans during the period of their spontaneous eviction in 1945 in the state politics of memory of the Czech Republic","authors":"Maryna A. Laurynovich","doi":"10.33581/2520-6338-2020-4-48-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-4-48-56","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the directions of the state politics of memory in the Czech Republic regarding the problem of recognising and understanding the violence by the Czechs against the German population in 1945 and the subsequent CzechGerman reconciliation, which became an important factor of the peaceful and productive interaction of the Czech Republic and Germany in the united Europe. The adoption of a new perspective of historical memory at the stage of post-socialist transformation was primarily due to the initiatives of Czech historians and activists to study the problem of violence at the final stage of World War II on the Czech lands and the subsequent expulsion of Germans. This approach in turn was reflected in the official position of the presidents of the Czech Republic V. Havel and V. Klaus during the signing of the CzechGerman agreements and declarations, which made it possible to eliminate conflicts of perception of a common traumatic past among the current generations of Czechs and Germans. The memory of the violence against German-speaking citizens of Czechoslovakia is broadcast both through the formation of memory objects (monuments, feature films) and within the framework of local public initiatives. The review of the initiatives to perpetuate the victims of the Brno death march, undertaken in the concluding part of the article, reveals the contradictory nature of reconciliation in relation to the memory of post-war violence in contemporary Czech society.","PeriodicalId":33392,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Istoriia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41439441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}