IET Energy Systems Integration最新文献

{"title":"Energy and power management system for microgrids of large-scale building prosumers","authors":"Dimitra G. Kyriakou,&nbsp;Fotios D. Kanellos","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12095","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method for optimal energy and power management of microgrids consisting of mega buildings, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and renewable energy sources (RES) with low computation requirements is proposed by the authors. Thermal and electrical loads are considered for the operation scheduling of the microgrid. In case of non-interconnected operation of the microgrid with the main power grid, the proposed method allows the microgrid to meet the power demand by the buildings and distribution loads exploiting only the hosted PEVs, the integrated RES and, if it is necessary or financially optimal, building auxiliary diesel generators. The primary goal of the suggested algorithm is to significantly reduce the overall daily cost of the microgrid's operation while simultaneously meeting a wide range of constraints. The implementation of the method is based on the exploitation of a two-level hierarchical multi-agent system (MAS) at the level of the microgrid. Suitably defined flexibilities of the microgrid's components to change their power are used to implement optimal power dispatch to them. Detailed simulation results indicated that a remarkable cost reduction of 27% can be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 2","pages":"228-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47669018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined unsupervised learning approach for electricity theft detection and loss estimation","authors":"Liangcai Xu,&nbsp;Zhenguo Shao,&nbsp;Feixiong Chen","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12094","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electricity theft is a great trouble for power companies. As the means of tampering with smart meters continue to increase, the electricity theft behaviours become more diversified and covert, which are difficult to be identified using the existing electricity theft detection method. In addition, the existing methods usually cannot estimate the economic losses caused by electricity theft. To address these issues, a combined unsupervised learning approach for electricity theft detection and loss estimation is proposed in this study. First, three anomaly measurement indexes including the mean index, fluctuation index, and trend index are proposed to capture different anomalies respectively. Then, based on historical electricity consumption data, we develop two unsupervised learning techniques including the sample-to-subsamples decomposition algorithm and clustering algorithm to obtain the typical ranges of index values, and the load samples whose index values are not in the typical ranges will be considered fraudulent. Furthermore, three anomaly measurement indexes are combined to judge whether the load sample is fraudulent, and the user whose most load samples are judged fraudulent will be considered as an electricity thief. Finally, an economic loss estimation method is proposed, which quantifies the losses of electricity theft. Numerical experiments are carried out based on the Irish smart meter dataset, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and the superior performance of the proposed method compared with a series of electricity theft detection methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 2","pages":"213-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42218509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed energy management for underground engineering microgrid with reliable power supply","authors":"Hongda Wang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Jiao,&nbsp;Jianchun Xing,&nbsp;Qiliang Yang,&nbsp;Man Yang,&nbsp;Yutao Zhou,&nbsp;Jiubing Zhao","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12093","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Battery energy storage system (BESS) is of great significance to ensure underground engineering (UE) microgrid to have reliable power supply. Distributed energy management is one of the solutions that can enhance the microgrid reliability by efficiently scheduling the distributed appliances (such as diesel generator, BESS) to accommodate various scenarios. A distributed energy management model is proposed, which can help in reliable power supply by prolonging the lifetime of BESS and reducing the load loss. Considering the different energy consumption needs and dispatching capabilities of three regions of the UE microgrid, the proposed energy management model distributed dispatches the three regions in UE microgrid. In addition, considering the relationship between the depth of discharge and lifetime, the proposed energy management model also contains the BESS lifetime extension model constructed with dynamic charge-discharge rate and dynamic bidirectional AC/DC converter efficiency. Based on the deterministic optimisation method, the optimal solution of the proposed energy management model is obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed energy management model is validated under six scenarios (that is grid connected mode, off grid mode, partial interconnection mode, interconnection mode, and independent modes with and without power exchange). The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional model, the proposed model can reduce the operation cost by 6.46% and the load loss rate by 0.747%, which helps to improve the reliability of UE microgrid.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 2","pages":"202-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48597488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing carbon emissions and energy costs in multi-building facilities: A Co-optimisation approach","authors":"Akintonde Abbas,&nbsp;Badrul Chowdhury","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12092","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Commercial buildings remain one of the most significant consumers of energy. As such, any sustainable pathway to a zero-emissions future will need to pay close attention to emissions reduction in commercial buildings. An interesting category of commercial buildings is the multi-building commercial facility with different buildings collocated within a defined geographical area, serving different purposes and containing varying equipment types. While most existing facility management approaches focus on minimising energy costs and emissions at the level of each building, this work considers a different perspective where energy and emissions are co-optimised across all buildings within the facility. Illustrative case studies based on a multi-building facility consisting of individual buildings adapted from the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Commercial Reference Buildings database are considered. Different diurnal and seasonal variations in building usage are also considered. Simulations are run using a Python-based commercial building simulation toolbox. Results indicate that the co-optimisation approach can indeed provide superlinear emissions reductions and energy cost savings while satisfying predefined comfort limits compared to when each building is separately optimised.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 2","pages":"192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47101673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PLL-equivalent model for low-frequency stability analysis of voltage source converter connected to weak grid","authors":"Xialin Li,&nbsp;Chen Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Zhu,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Li Guo","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12090","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on stability of weak grid connected voltage source converter (WG-VSC) in Low-frequency mode (LFM) (around 1–10 Hz), which is dominated by interactions among phase-locked loop (PLL), outer loop control and weak grid condition. In order to clearly reveal LFM mechanism of WG-VSC, a simple but effective PLL-equivalent model has been proposed. First, a generic small signal model consisted of PLL and ‘outer loop &amp; WG’ two parts is derived. Then, the transfer function of complicated ‘outer loop &amp; WG’ part is divided into two parallel channels, representing the impact of active side control and reactive side control on LFM of WG-VSC respectively. Finally, based on the multi-mode decomposition theory, a simple but effective second order PLL-equivalent (E-PLL) model is obtained for LFM stability analysis of WG-VSC. The effectiveness of E-PLL model has been verified by simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC and experimental results based on a hardware platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 2","pages":"180-191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49371088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak grid integrated solar photovoltaic-based distributed generation system proficient in supplying VAR requirement with current restriction","authors":"Subarni Pradhan,&nbsp;Bhim Singh,&nbsp;Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12091","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a grid interactive solar photovoltaic (PV) system proficient with low voltage ride through capability. When the supply voltage drops more than 10%, the solar PV system remains connected and continues to supply the active power to the loads as well as to the grid. Along with the active power supply, the solar PV array system supplies the reactive power for stabilising the system. Due to the supply of both the active and reactive powers, there is a chance for a grid fed inverter (GFI) current to exceed the maximum current limit. It may result in the tripping of inverter protection. Therefore, a current limiting logic is incorporated to keep the inverter current within the safe limit. The unbalanced voltages are responsible for circulation of negative sequence currents in the system. As the prime aim of the present work deals with the supply of positive sequence currents to the grid, it is required to estimate the positive and negative sequence voltages separately. Intending the estimation of sequence voltages from unbalanced supply voltages, a frequency adaptive higher order complex filter (FAHOCF) is used. A MATLAB model of grid interactive solar PV array is developed and simulated results are verified with test results.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41802181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed optimal dispatching method of smart distribution network considering integrated energy microgrid with multiple gird-connected points","authors":"Bing Sun,&nbsp;Ruipeng Jing,&nbsp;Yuan Zeng,&nbsp;Leijiao Ge,&nbsp;Gang Liang,&nbsp;Shimeng Dong","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12089","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interactive demand of electrical power between integrated energy microgrid (IEMG) and smart distribution network (SDN) is growing rapidly with the increase of distributed generation (DG) installed capacity. When SDN and IEMG are connected through a single gird-connected point, the renewable power consumption may be limited by tie-line capacity. A distributed optimal dispatching method of the SDN considering the IEMG with multiple gird-connected points is proposed. The impact of various flexible resources is also considered. Firstly, a IEMG connection mode, in which each IEMG can be connected to multiple nodes of the SDN, is designed. A distributed optimal dispatching method is proposed, by which the IEMG operation privacy and the SDN responsibility to consume renewable power can be considered. Then, the electric power on tie-lines is taken as the coupling variable to establish the IEMG and SDN coordinated dispatching model. The model can be solved by adjusting the power upper limits of tie-lines circularly. Finally, the improved IEEE 33-bus system is analysed based on the proposed method. It is found that when the IEMG is with large DG installed capacity, multiple gird-connected points can improve the SDN operation flexibility and increase the operation benefits of all entities.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 2","pages":"152-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42789967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of distribution static compensator with active damped inductor-capacitor-inductor filter using dual loop αβ-frame current controllers for power quality improvement","authors":"Lakshmanan Sorraka Arunagiri,&nbsp;Bharat Singh Rajpurohit,&nbsp;Amit Jain","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12088","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12088","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A distribution system is connected with many non-linear loads, and generated harmonies are mitigated by using distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) which is coupled at the point of common coupling through a voltage source inverter (VSI) and filter circuit. High-frequency switching ripples are generated along with the output of the VSI during pulse width modulation switching. Inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) filter is used to suppress the high frequency switching noises. Still, the primary concern about the LCL filter is generation of resonance peak at the resonance frequency. The conventional synchronous reference frame &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $dq$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; current controller with LCL filter has a complex coupling between &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $d$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $q$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; axis; hence decoupling is very difficult. This research article presents a new technique based on active damped dual loop &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $alpha beta $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;-frame current controllers to control the DSTATCOM with LCL filter for achieving improved load compensation. The dual loop controller is enhanced by using capacitor current in the inside loop and grid current at the outside loop with proportional resonant (PR) regulator parallel with harmonic compensator (HC). The proposed method effectively dampens the resonance peak under stationary reference frame &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $(alpha beta ).$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; The PR controller offers unlimited gain at the fundamental frequency and HC can offer more gain at the specific harmonic frequencies. Hence, characteristics of the PR and HC controllers used together to achieve minimum steady-state error and the problematic decoupling are ignored. The complete DSTATCOM model with proposed control scheme is discussed with PR and (PR + HC) controllers separately under balanced, unbalanced source voltage. Stability analysis is carried out through B","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 2","pages":"128-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing sector coupling technologies for Re-purposing coal-fired power plants–Case study for the ENTSO-E grid","authors":"Anna Traupmann,&nbsp;Matthias Greiml,&nbsp;Josef Steinegger,&nbsp;Lisa Kühberger,&nbsp;Thomas Kienberger","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12087","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high emission intensity of coal-fired power plants (CFPP) leads to the inevitable next step towards energy transition, the coal phase-out. One challenge is the subsequent use of still-functioning assets. Re-purposing these assets avoids value loss and creates new opportunities for coal regions. Therefore, this study considers the sector coupling technologies Power-to-Gas (PtG) and Gas-to-Power (GtP) as re-purposing options. First, a multi-variable Mixed-Integer Linear Programming optimisation model is established. This model includes the participation of the plant in the current (2020) and future (2030, 2040) electricity and natural gas spot-markets and the balancing power market while fulfilling existing contracts, and allows for determining the re-purposing technologies' operating profiles. By applying a techno-economic analysis, investment recovery periods of the considered re-purposing technologies are assessed, which range between two (GtP) and over ten (PtG) years. A sensitivity analysis accounting for current energy prices and technological advancements reveals capital expenditure has the highest impact on this Return-On-Investment period. Additionally, a case study considering the Austrian energy grids is performed to account for the grid impact of integrating these technologies at former CFPP sites. Thus, it is found that the investigated sector coupling technologies have the potential to compensate for grid congestions even in profit-optimised operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 1","pages":"95-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47712847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum inertia demand estimation of new power system considering diverse inertial resources based on deep neural network","authors":"Liu Zicheng,&nbsp;Tao Zhou,&nbsp;Zhong Chen,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Yalun Wang","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12086","DOIUrl":"10.1049/esi2.12086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the high-proportion integration of renewable energy and power electronic equipment, the inertia supporting ability of new power system continues to decline, which seriously threatens the frequency stability of power grids. In order to clarify the operation boundary, and realise the rapid analysis and prediction of the minimum inertia demand of new power systems, this study proposes a minimum inertia demand estimation method based on deep neural network (DNN). Firstly, this study establishes the system frequency response model of new power systems containing diverse inertia resources including renewable energy, induction machine and so on. Considering the constraints of rate of change of frequency and maximum frequency deviation, the minimum inertia demand estimation model is established to ensure the system frequency stability. DNN is introduced to effectively map non-linear relations in complex situations, which can quickly estimate and predict the minimum inertia of new power systems. Adam algorithm is utilised to optimise the input weight matrix and hidden layer feature vector of the network to improve accuracy. Finally, the simulations and analysis are conducted in IEEE-39 system to verify the accuracy and generalisation ability of the proposed method in this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"5 1","pages":"80-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46718182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}