IET Energy Systems Integration最新文献

Flexibility Provision From Urban Buildings to Low-Carbon Power Systems: Quantification, Aggregation and System Integration 从城市建筑到低碳电力系统的灵活性提供：量化、聚合和系统集成

IF 1.7

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70017

Hening Yuan, Wenhu Tang

{"title":"Flexibility Provision From Urban Buildings to Low-Carbon Power Systems: Quantification, Aggregation and System Integration","authors":"Hening Yuan, Wenhu Tang","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving net-zero emissions requires a comprehensive transformation of energy infrastructure. The expansion of intermittent renewable generation together with increased demand, for example, from electric vehicles and heat pumps, exerts significant stress on grid stability and reliability, making power system flexibility essential for maintaining power and energy balance and enhancing system resilience. Urban buildings, with integrated heating, cooling, on-site generation, storage and flexible demand, constitute a substantial, cost-effective flexibility resource. In this paper, building flexibility is first defined and its physical drivers are identified. Quantification methods at the individual building scale, including physics-based simulations, machine-learning models and hybrid approaches supported by recent experiments, are then surveyed. Aggregation frameworks that include Virtual Power Plants and Virtual Energy Storage Systems are examined, comparing centralised, decentralised and hierarchical control strategies, ICT requirements and market-integration pathways. The participation of aggregated building flexibility in wholesale markets and its provision of distribution-level services are analysed. Enabling measures such as dynamic tariffs, demand-response programmes, smart-readiness indicators and relevant standards are critically evaluated. Finally, future research needs in integration, standardisation and policy development are outlined. That leveraging urban building flexibility may be crucial for developing a reliable, cost-effective, low-carbon power system is suggested by our analysis.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grid-Forming Converters Integrated Power System Frequency Response Model: A Parameter Estimation Approach 并网变流器集成电力系统频率响应模型：一种参数估计方法

IF 1.7

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70016

Sirwan Shazdeh, Sharara Rehimi, Hassan Bevrani

{"title":"Grid-Forming Converters Integrated Power System Frequency Response Model: A Parameter Estimation Approach","authors":"Sirwan Shazdeh, Sharara Rehimi, Hassan Bevrani","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with an updated frequency response model (FRM) for modern power grids incorporating a grid-forming (GFM) converter. This model aims to accurately capture the dynamic frequency behaviour of the GFM converters integrated into large-scale power systems. To achieve this, this paper estimates unknown parameters of the updated FRM to ensure a frequency response that closely matches the behaviour of the actual power grid. The updated FRM comprises two interconnected areas: the aggregated synchronous generator (ASG) area and the aggregated grid-forming (AGFM) area, linked by a virtual power synchronising interface. The parameter estimation is conducted using a curve-fitting-based methodology applied to frequency deviation data. First, the moment of inertia of each generation unit is determined based on observed frequency and active power deviations. Subsequently, the total load disturbance is estimated using the computed inertia values and the centre of inertia frequency deviation. Finally, the AGFM parameters including virtual damping, droop coefficient and virtual interconnection are estimated based on the ratio of the AGFM to the ASG speed deviations. The accuracy and effectiveness of the parameter estimation approach for the updated FRM are validated through simulations on a modified IEEE 39-bus test system using MATLAB/Simulink environment.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Timescale Control of Smart Inverters for Optimal Operation of Low-Inertia Grids 面向低惯量电网优化运行的智能逆变器多时间尺度控制

IF 1.7

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70012

Himanshu Grover, Sumedha Sharma, Ashu Verma, Innocent Kamwa

{"title":"Multi-Timescale Control of Smart Inverters for Optimal Operation of Low-Inertia Grids","authors":"Himanshu Grover, Sumedha Sharma, Ashu Verma, Innocent Kamwa","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a novel frequency and voltage control scheme for low-inertia electrical systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). A multi-timescale coordinated control scheme was proposed to optimally control inverter-based resources in different timescales. Accordingly, a two-stage stochastic optimisation framework has been developed for optimal operation of battery energy storage system (BESS) and voltage source converters (VSC) in hour-ahead and intra-hourly timescales, to counteract the effects of uncertainties in solar photovoltaic (PV) and load. Additionally, a novel real-time coordination framework was developed for fast frequency control, triggered by appliance switching/scheduling information through energy internet. Thus, real-time control is implemented as a pre-disturbance preventive action, appropriately acting with the load switching event. Furthermore, the proposed real-time frequency control is developed as a coordination strategy for primary regulation by adaptive VSC control and recovery control by the grid. Extensive simulations were performed to verify suitability of the proposed optimisation and control strategy in mitigating the effects of unforeseen uncertainties and scheduled events on system stability. Effectiveness of the proposed control is further verified by experimental validation on laboratory-scale hardware test setup.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated, Artificial-Intelligence-Based Power Management for Building Electrical Microgrids 基于人工智能的集成微电网电源管理

IF 1.7

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70015

Eleftherios G. Kyriakou, Dimitra G. Kyriakou, Fotios D. Kanellos, Dimitris Ipsakis

{"title":"Integrated, Artificial-Intelligence-Based Power Management for Building Electrical Microgrids","authors":"Eleftherios G. Kyriakou, Dimitra G. Kyriakou, Fotios D. Kanellos, Dimitris Ipsakis","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"As global energy demand continues to rise alongside the push for green technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) based power management systems play a pivotal role in achieving energy efficiency, grid stability and carbon footprint reduction, making them a vital component of future-ready building infrastructures. In this paper, an integrated AI based method for power management of building electrical systems is proposed. The main goal is to develop an accurate model to estimate the indoor temperature of building thermal zones, which is a critical aspect of energy management and occupant comfort. To achieve this, advanced modelling techniques are applied, specifically system identification and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Moreover, a sophisticated approach to real-time building energy management through accurate estimation of internal thermal zone gains is suggested, by applying heuristic parameter estimation techniques. This problem involves using the proposed ANN building model in the process of internal thermal gains estimation for each building thermal zone. By developing and validating these models, the aim is the efficiency of building electrical systems to be enhanced, the energy consumption be reduced, and the thermal comfort within buildings be improved, contributing to more sustainable and cost-effective building power management methods.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Experimental and Simulation Results of Cooling Performance by Using Heat Pipe Combined With Forced Air Cooling for Lithium-Ion Batteries 锂离子电池热管联合强制风冷冷却性能实验与仿真结果比较

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70013

Chokchai Anamtawach, Teerawat Klabklay, Chaiyut Sumpavakup

{"title":"Comparison of Experimental and Simulation Results of Cooling Performance by Using Heat Pipe Combined With Forced Air Cooling for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Chokchai Anamtawach, Teerawat Klabklay, Chaiyut Sumpavakup","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the battery thermal management system (BTMS) using heat pipe and forced air cooling for NMC lithium-ion batteries was designed. The effect of air velocity on cooling performance was studied and compared between experimental and simulation results. All studies were conducted on lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) pouch cells with a 20 Ah capacity in seven series connections, under air velocities of 6.3, 9.5, and 12.7 m/s, with 4C discharge rates, at room temperature 22°C. The cooling performance was considered from two variables: the maximum temperature of the battery in the pack (Tmax) and the maximum temperature difference of the battery in the pack (▵Tmax). Both the experimental and simulation results indicated that increasing the air velocity has the effect of decreasing the Tmax, while the ▵Tmax did not differ significantly. The appropriated air velocity was 9.5 m/s. The behaviour from the simulation method was consistent with the experimental method, but the magnitude of the temperature fluctuations was still very large. At an air velocity of 9.5 m/s, Tmax from simulation was only 33.1°C, while the experimental result was 44.3°C. The ▵Tmax from the simulation was only 1.9°C, while the experimental result was 11.1°C. The main reason for the large difference was the properties of the materials used in the experiments, including batteries and heat pipes.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distributed Voltage Regulation for Distribution Networks With Privacy-Preserving Under the Framework of VPP VPP框架下具有隐私保护的配电网配电电压调节

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70011

Tao Xu, Hongru Wang, Rujing Wang, He Meng, Yu Ji, Ying Zhang, Ping Song, Jiani Xiang

引用次数: 0

Frequency Regulation of a Cluster Model Military Multimicrogrid With HOA Optimiser-Tuned TIDA+1 Controller 基于HOA优化器调谐TIDA+1控制器的聚类军用多微电网频率调节

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70010

Smriti Jaiswal, Amar Kumar Barik, Dulal Chandra Das

{"title":"Frequency Regulation of a Cluster Model Military Multimicrogrid With HOA Optimiser-Tuned TIDA+1 Controller","authors":"Smriti Jaiswal, Amar Kumar Barik, Dulal Chandra Das","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"This work is an early attempt to investigate frequency control of a nested multimicrogrid cluster specifically designed for military bases. The proposed hybrid model deploys multiple energy systems, including sustainable biorenewable energy sources such as solar, wind and degradable waste in military camps backed up by battery and superconducting magnetic energy sources. Here, a novel control strategy-based optimiser with an evolved TIDA controller with an error eliminator tuned by the hippopotamus optimisation algorithm is proposed for load frequency control of such an isolated microgrid subjected to intermittency of climate-oriented sources and real-time scenarios. Further, the 3R dimensions—resiliency, reliability and rationality test—underscore the performance of the tailored control strategy by comparing it with PID-based control strategy and also by comparing the performance with the artificial hummingbird algorithm, chaotic artificial hummingbird algorithm and particle swarm optimisation algorithm. Considering the practical scenarios of a military multimicrogrid under this test indicates the superiority of the novel algorithm-tuned TIDA+1 controller over other adapted control strategies.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model-Free Predictive Direct Control of Unified Power Quality Conditioner Based on Ultra-Local Model 基于超局部模型的统一电能质量调节器无模型预测直接控制

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70009

Guifeng Wang, Jinling Ji, Xinxin Zhu, En Fang, Qigang Du, Chao Luo, Zhifang Lin

{"title":"Model-Free Predictive Direct Control of Unified Power Quality Conditioner Based on Ultra-Local Model","authors":"Guifeng Wang, Jinling Ji, Xinxin Zhu, En Fang, Qigang Du, Chao Luo, Zhifang Lin","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the robustness of the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC), direct control in the dq coordinate system faces challenges such as complex coordinate transformation, system coupling issue and phase-locked-loop delays. In this study, a predictive direct control strategy based on an ultra-local model (ULM) is proposed. A model-free parametric predictive direct current control scheme for the UPQC within the αβ framework is crafted by amalgamating an ultra-local model with predictive direct control. Derived from the generalised instantaneous power theory and the active power equilibrium within the UPQC system, the current command generation mechanism of UPQC is established, and the parallel active power filters (PAPF) current command generation mechanism is developed by integrating dead-beat control alongside the strategy for maintaining a consistent baseline voltage magnitude for the connected load. This approach effectively navigates the complex coordinate transformation and system coupling issue, realises no phase-locked loop, no system parameters and no PI outer-loop controller control and simplifies the control system structure. Simulation results show that even with 50% parameter mismatch, the proposed strategy can still maintain the grid current THD at < 2%. Finally, we verify the feasibility of the strategy through simulations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Power Voltage Source Converter for Integration of Battery in Power System 用于电力系统中蓄电池集成的大功率电压源变换器

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70008

Subir Karmakar, Bhim Singh, Ambrish Chandra, Kamal Al-Haddad

引用次数: 0

Regional Autonomy Strategy of Multi-Virtual Power Plant Considering Waste Incineration and Cloud Energy Storage Operator: A Low-Carbon Mixed Game Method 考虑垃圾焚烧和云储能运营商的多虚拟电厂区域自治策略：一种低碳混合博弈方法

IF 1.6

IET Energy Systems Integration Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.70007

Xinrui Liu, Junbo Feng, Ming Li, Rui Wang, Chaoyu Dong, Liangsheng Lan, Qiuye Sun

{"title":"Regional Autonomy Strategy of Multi-Virtual Power Plant Considering Waste Incineration and Cloud Energy Storage Operator: A Low-Carbon Mixed Game Method","authors":"Xinrui Liu, Junbo Feng, Ming Li, Rui Wang, Chaoyu Dong, Liangsheng Lan, Qiuye Sun","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"Under the background of the low-carbon strategy and power market reform, multiple virtual power plants (MVPP) will coexist in the distribution network in the future. In order to improve the energy utilisation rate and the autonomy of virtual power plant (VPP) under the high proportion of renewable energy sources, and solve the conflict of interest and information asymmetry among MVPP, a mixed game dual-layer energy optimisation operation strategy between the distribution network and MVPP with the consideration of environmental benefits under the background of cloud energy storage operator (CSO) is proposed. First, a Stackelberg game dual-layer energy trading model is constructed to maximise the benefits of the upper layer and minimise the cost of the lower layer. Second, a cooperative game among members of the VPP is introduced to enable peer-to-peer trading among MVPP, and a mixed game optimisation model is established. The joint operation of the waste incineration power plant and carbon capture system is introduced into the VPP, which takes into account the economy and low carbon of the system. Then, according to the characteristics of the model, the Stackelberg model is solved by using the genetic algorithm combined with CPLEX, and the cooperative model is solved by using the alternating direction method of multipliers. The dual-layer models interact with each other, and the balanced optimal operation strategy of the CSO, MVPP and mixed game model within the MVPP is obtained. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy are verified by simulation examples. The low-carbon mixed game strategy proposed in this paper effectively improves the interest of CSO and MVPP, protects the data privacy of members and improves the autonomy of VPP.","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0