IET Energy Systems Integration最新文献

{"title":"Systematic Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Multiphase Power Converter in Medium Voltage Drive System","authors":"Bhim Singh,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Investigation of power converters for use in industrial drive applications finds that these converters are used low reliable components. To overcome this issue, in this paper, advanced power converters (multi-pulse AC–DC and multilevel DC–AC converter) are developed and implemented to feed vector-controlled induction motor drive (VCIMD), which enhance power quality of medium voltage drive system. Multi-winding transformers with multiphase conversion as well as phase displacement technique for multi-pulse AC–DC converters are designed. Hence, to attain high power quality at grid side, while drive system is designed with the few numbers of DC sources, a multiphase conversion and phase displacement techniques-based 50-pulse rectification system is designed and developed here. For it, circuit structure of five multi winding transformers (<i>T</i>_<i>1</i><i>, T</i>_<i>2</i><i>, T</i>_<i>3</i><i>, T</i>_<i>4</i><i>, T</i>_<i>5</i>) is developed through phase displacement and multiphase conversion (3- phase to 5-phase) technique instead utilising low reliability components. Apart from this, to overcome the challenges at the drive side, a six-level cascaded multilevel inverter is developed with a low number of components. The rigorous design of a 50-pulse AC–DC converter and six-level cascaded inverter-based medium voltage drive system is made and responses of this system are analysed through experiments (7.5 kW IM) at various operating conditions. In verification processes, operation principle and impact of converters utilisation are clearly analysed. More importantly, using proposed circuitry, the input current is almost sinusoidal; its input current total harmonic distortion is less than 5%. Hence, the presented drive system addresses power quality standard IEEE 519 in the system.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Optimised Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Control Approach for Multi-Area Power Systems: Enhancing LFC Robustness and Stability With RES Integration and Time-Delay Mitigation","authors":"Tushar Kanti Roy,&nbsp;Sajeeb Saha,&nbsp;Amanullah Maung Than Oo","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Frequency stability is vital to power system operation, especially in interconnected power systems (IPS) and smart grids where renewable energy sources and load fluctuations introduce unpredictability. This variability and time delay from decentralised control configurations can impair load frequency control (LFC) and compromise system stability. This study proposes a robust adaptive integral terminal sliding mode controller (RAITSMC) for LFC to address these challenges. The controller mitigates destabilising effects from time delays, parametric uncertainties and nonlinear disturbances. A delay-dependent sliding surface is developed to enhance the system's response to tie-line power and frequency deviations. Perturbations are estimated using an adaptation law, and a decentralised robust control law ensures the system's trajectory remains on the sliding surface with minimal control efforts. The controller's stability is validated via the Lyapunov theorem, and its parameters are optimised using the arithmetic optimisation algorithm. Simulations on the IEEE 10-generator New England 39-bus power system demonstrate significant improvements, including reduced frequency overshoot (48.3%), undershoot (45.7%) and settling time (37.2%), along with enhanced robustness under <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>50% parametric variations. Comparative analyses reveal superior performance across error-based indices, showcasing RAITSMC's potential to ensure a reliable and stable power system operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-Scale Battery Inverter and Energy Capacity Sizing for Frequency Control Ancillary Services With High Share of Solar-PV Generation: A Data-Driven Approach","authors":"Mingchen Gu,&nbsp;Hui Song,&nbsp;Chen Liu,&nbsp;Lasantha Meegahapola,&nbsp;Mahdi Jalili,&nbsp;Xinghuo Yu,&nbsp;George Dickson","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Power generation from inverter-based renewable energy sources (RESs), such as solar photovoltaics (PVs), is increasing rapidly in power systems while leading to operational challenges such as frequency regulation. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have attracted much attention in providing frequency control ancillary services (FCAS), as they provide flexibility to store and release energy when required. With a larger inverter size and energy capacity, BESS can provide more frequency support to the grid but will incur large capital costs. Thus, it is important to minimise the size of the battery while ensuring system security requirements are fulfilled. In this paper, a large-scale BESS sizing framework is developed to obtain the optimal battery inverter size and energy capacity. The proposed framework determines the battery size based on two aspects: (i) contingency frequency control ancillary services (C-FCAS) to provide primary frequency support after a generator outage event and (ii) regulating frequency control ancillary service (R-FCAS) to match the power imbalance caused by the normal variation of load demand and RES generation. This paper also investigates the highest RES penetration level and the largest number of synchronous generators (SGs) that can be simultaneously reduced as the share of RESs increases. The effectiveness of the developed large-scale BESS sizing framework is tested on the Alice Springs power grid in Northern Territory, Australia. According to the study, the FCAS battery designed based on the proposed framework can fulfil the frequency support requirements under high solar-PV penetration in the Alice Springs power grid while significantly reducing the dependency on synchronous generators.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Cyberattack Detection for SCADA in Power System","authors":"Botta Prudhvi,&nbsp;Prashant Khare,&nbsp;Maddikara Jaya Bharata Reddy","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems monitor and control industrial processes, but their integration with information technology and network connectivity, including the internet, exposes them to potential cyber threats. As SCADA systems become essential infrastructure, their vulnerability to cyber-attacks has increased, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of potential risks. This paper presents a laboratory setup mimicking a real-world SCADA system, involving the simulation of an IEEE 14 Bus system integrated with IEDs. The communication link between the SCADA centre and IEDs is established through the MODBUS communication protocol. This paper further analyzes and detects cyber-attacks targeting SCADA systems, including Ping flood attack, UDP flood attack, Smurf attack, and Random flood attack. All these attacks are executed using Kali Linux tools. The Wireshark tool is employed to analyse network traffic and detect these attacks, which are also validated in real time using OPAL-RT (OP4510). The results demonstrate the successful implementation and detection of cyber-attacks, contributing to a deeper understanding of cyber threats and informing proactive security strategies to strengthen the security of Power SCADA systems against evolving cyber threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Hybrid Outputs for Integrated Energy Systems: Design, Control and Real-Time Validation","authors":"Pooja Deori,&nbsp;Anish Ahmad,&nbsp;Kaveri Bhuyan,&nbsp;Gulshan Sharma","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents hybrid quasi-Z-source converters (qZSCs) designed for integrated energy system-based microgrid applications, capable of providing dual-DC and multi-AC outputs from a single DC input source. Microgrids rely on diverse renewable energy sources such as solar and effective power converters and are crucial for integrating these resources into the grid. The proposed converters incorporate series and parallel-configured integrated inverters, facilitating both boost and buck-boost operations simultaneously with an additional inductive branch to the standard quasi-Z-source network. The suggested system utilises a novel control approach to regulate multiple AC and DC output voltages efficiently. Key features include robust power control, single-stage energy conversion, built-in shoot-through protection and immunity to electromagnetic interference. The proposed series and parallel converter circuits offer versatile configurations for generating two DC and multiple AC outputs, enhancing flexibility in microgrid power distribution. A closed-loop control strategy is implemented for the series qZSC to validate its operational effectiveness. Detailed steady-state mathematical analyses for both qZSC configurations are supplemented by simulation results under varying load conditions, confirming their performance capabilities. Additionally, for further validation, Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) results were obtained with a real-time emulator using Typhoon HIL to prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Driven Forecasting for Compressed Air Oxygenation Integrating With Floating PV Power Generation System","authors":"Sirisak Pangvuthivanich,&nbsp;Wirachai Roynarin,&nbsp;Promphak Boonraksa,&nbsp;Terapong Boonraksa","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insufficient dissolved oxygen in aquaculture systems poses a significant challenge to sustainable fish farming, while traditional aeration systems rely heavily on grid electricity, contributing to both operational costs and environmental impact. This study addresses these challenges by integrating a compressed air oxygenation system with floating solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation, supported by deep learning-based forecasting for optimal system control. Our key contributions include: (1) development of an integrated floating PV-powered compressed air oxygenation system for aquaculture, (2) implementation and comparative analysis of three deep learning models (RNN, GRU and LSTM) for forecasting both PV power generation and compressed air production and (3) validation through a real-world case study in Thailand's Pathum Thani Province. The LSTM model demonstrated superior performance, achieving the highest accuracy with RMSE of 172.59 kW and MAPE of 13.87% for PV power forecasting, and a MAPE of 21.72% for compressed air production forecasting. The implemented system successfully improved water quality in a 1200-cubic-metre freshwater fish pond, increasing dissolved oxygen levels from 1.7 to 6.47 mg/L over a 4-month period. These results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of renewable energy integration in aquaculture water treatment, offering a sustainable solution for fish farming operations while reducing dependency on grid electricity.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blocking Converter Criteria Considering Protection Coordination Strategies of VSC-MTDC","authors":"Jalal Sahebkar Farkhani,&nbsp;Jonathan Cervantes Gomez,&nbsp;Peter Jan Randewijk,&nbsp;Claus Leth Bak,&nbsp;Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1049/esi2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiterminal high-voltage direct current (MTDC) systems are anticipated to enable the massive integration of renewable energies into modern grids. However, the protection of MTDC systems is a major challenge for their application in connection with offshore wind farms (OWF). This is due to the extremely high short circuit currents, present for very short timeframes, and characterised by the absence of zero-crossing currents. Additionally, economic and technological issues further challenge widespread implementation of MTDC systems. The main constraints of MTDC protection coordination systems are generally associated with fault detection, DC reactor (DCR), DC circuit breaker (DCCB) operation time, and converter blocking time. This paper presents strategies for achieving full-selectivity (F-S) and partial-selectivity (P-S) in the protection of voltage source converter (VSC)-MTDC systems. A case study is setup to design both the F-S and P-S protection schemes. Initially, suitable DCRs are calculated for the case study, followed by selecting DCCB operation times with offshore converter blocking for both cases. Finally, an inverse time-current curve is proposed for different scenarios, considering sensitivity to DCR ratings to enhance converter blocking performance. The case study is conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC software and the simulation results demonstrate the impact of the different scenarios on the MTDC systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a scaled-down single-viaduct model for comprehensive rail potential monitoring and stray current analysis","authors":"Tawat Chuchit,&nbsp;Tosaphol Ratniyomchai,&nbsp;Thanatchai Kulworawanichpong,&nbsp;Chaiyut Sumpavakup","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.12182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research investigates the intricate relationship between load variations, environmental conditions, and the resultant stray current generation within DC railway systems. A scaled-down single-viaduct model was employed to establish a controlled experimental environment for real-time monitoring of voltage differentials between the railway tracks and the grounding structure. This research developed a stray current monitoring system for a scaled-down single-viaduct model. The system comprises of a power supply, voltage and current measurement capabilities at the power supply, and two levels of stray current measurements at each point. Data such as ambient temperature and humidity, current and voltage at the power supply, and voltage differentials between the railway tracks and the grounding structure are recorded using an Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller. It is hypothesised that stray currents, quantified as voltage differentials between the tracks and the grounding structure, vary in response to changes in load and environmental conditions. Experiments were conducted under various scenarios: variable load, constant load with rain, and constant load across different seasons. The results indicated that with a variable load, the voltage between the tracks increased. During constant load with rain, the average voltage between the tracks rose due to decreased insulation between the tracks and the grounding structure. Lastly, under constant load across different seasons, the most significant voltage change was observed during the rainy season. The findings demonstrate a significant correlation between these variables, with a pronounced influence of environmental conditions, particularly precipitation, on voltage fluctuations. These results underscore the critical importance of effective stray current mitigation strategies for safeguarding the integrity of railway infrastructure and ensuring the safety of personnel. The study offers a valuable contribution to the understanding of stray current phenomena and provides essential insights for the development of advanced protection systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal operation and offering strategy for profit-seeking of a coal-mine energy prosumer in a liberalised market","authors":"Bo Zeng,&nbsp;Yueyi Lei,&nbsp;Chen Wu,&nbsp;Yuqing Wang,&nbsp;Dunwei Gong,&nbsp;Shuai Wang","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.12181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coal mines consume electricity from grids while making use of various derived energy resources to generate heat and power. This allows coal mines to act as energy prosumers. This paper presents an integrated optimisation model of optimal operation and offers strategies for profit-seeking of a coal-mine energy prosumer in a liberalised market. The discussed problem is formulated as a tri-stage bi-level programming model. In the upper level, the coal mine-integrated energy system (CMIES) operator decides the retail contract management, equipment operation plan, and retail electricity price offered to end-users through three stages to maximise its expected profits at a predefined risk level. In the lower level, the end-users react to the price bids offered by the CMIES operator under study and other market retailers to minimise their costs for energy procurement. Unlike previous approaches, the endogenous uncertainties associated with market subjects' strategic behaviours are explicitly considered. To solve the proposed problem efficiently, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions and multicut benders decomposition method are employed. The simulation results show that the collaborative optimisation of the energy cycle and production scheduling can reduce daily operating costs by nearly $3576 and carbon emissions by 6.72 tons, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in large-scale energy storage technologies for power systems","authors":"Jia Xie,&nbsp;Aikui Li,&nbsp;Yang Jin,&nbsp;Yalun Li","doi":"10.1049/esi2.12179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.12179","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The rapid evolution of renewable energy sources and the increasing demand for sustainable power systems have necessitated the development of efficient and reliable large-scale energy storage technologies. As the backbone of modern power grids, energy storage systems (ESS) play a pivotal role in managing intermittent energy supply, enhancing grid stability, and supporting the integration of renewable energy. This special issue is dedicated to the latest research and developments in the field of large-scale energy storage, focusing on innovative technologies, performance optimisation, safety enhancements, and predictive maintenance strategies that are crucial for the advancement of power systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special issue encompasses a collection of eight scholarly articles that address various aspects of large-scale energy storage. The articles cover a range of topics from electrolyte modifications for low-temperature performance in zinc-ion batteries to fault diagnosis in lithium-ion battery energy storage stations (BESS). They also include predictive models for capacity decay in vanadium redox flow batteries, safety improvements through arc voltage and temperature analysis, and data-driven approaches for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Additionally, the articles explore lithium inventory estimation, surface modification of electrodes in zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs), and the impact of water on battery performance and safety. These contributions provide a comprehensive view of the current state and future directions of energy storage technologies in the context of power systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jin et al. review various anti-freezing electrolyte modification strategies for low-temperature aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), which are promising for energy storage due to their safety and environmental benefits. They highlight the challenges posed by conventional aqueous electrolytes that freeze in sub-zero temperatures, leading to poor electrochemical performance. The authors emphasise the need for further research to optimise these electrolytes for better performance in extreme conditions, providing insights into future directions for developing effective low-temperature AZIBs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lin et al. investigate the impact of water on battery performance and safety. It is found that the reaction of water with LiPF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; in battery electrolytes ultimately causes electrical contact loss and capacity decay. Excess water reduces electrolyte conductivity, increases internal resistance, and affects lithium-ion migration, altering the electrode structure and performance. The presence of water accelerates exothermic reactions, decreasing thermal stability and increasing heat release rates during thermal events. Experimental results also show that internal resistance and self-discharge rates increase with water content, indicating significant impacts on battery performance and safety.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Li et al. analyse the si","PeriodicalId":33288,"journal":{"name":"IET Energy Systems Integration","volume":"6 S1","pages":"665-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/esi2.12179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}