Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A Conductive Cooling Scheme for Bone Augmentation of the Proximal Femur With PMMA: An Experimental and Finite Element Study","authors":"Mahsan Bakhtiarinejad, Amirhossein Farvardin, A. Chamani, M. Armand","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-12142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The rate of one-year mortality after osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly is reported to be more than 20%. Hip augmentation using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is an alternative preventive approach for patients at the highest risk of osteoporotic fracture. Excessive injection volumes of PMMA however may introduce the risk of thermal osteonecrosis. We have previously proposed a Finite element (FE) simulation to estimate the bone temperature elevations after cement injection in three key locations and demonstrated an agreement between the simulation results and the temperature measurements during the experiment. Previous study showed that the maximum temperature-rise measured at the hip surface is 10°C. The aim of this study is to introduce a cooling approach to reduce the PMMA’s curing temperature after cement injection during hip augmentation. For this purpose, we perform a conductive cooling experiment with a metallic K-wire attached to an ice-water bath. We also create a finite element simulation model for the proposed cooling system to estimate the peak temperature reduction and compare the simulation results with experimental data. Simulation results demonstrate the decrease of 80% of peak curing temperature during PMMA polymerization; similarly, sawbone experiments also show that on average the peak temperature has been reduced 64% when cooling system is integrated to the hip augmentation procedure.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114542392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Test to Capture Humidity From Exhalation: Self-Humidification","authors":"Sandra Grau-Bartual, A. Al-Jumaily","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lung supportive devices are widely used for non-invasive positive airway pressure ventilation and respiratory therapy to help provide breathing support for patients with various lung diseases including Obstructive Sleep Apnea. These devices deliver air to the patient through a facial or nasal mask, and the use of these devices normally results in dryness in the upper airways. However, the exhaled air consists of very high humidity content hence the moisture content of this air can be reused in the inhalation process. This research focuses on testing clinically a previously developed element which can recover the moisture from the exhaled air and use it for re-inhalation. 21 healthy volunteers between the ages of 21 and 55, where 38.1% were females and 61.9% males, were invited to participate in this study. The results show a viable element which is able to trap water molecules from the expiration airflow and release them into the inspiration airflow.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116787368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Natural Sit-to-Stand-Walk of the Frail","authors":"Dorothy Taylor, A. Merryweather, J. Morse, B. Wong","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11889","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sit-to-stand-walk (STW) is a complex task that sequentially transitions an individual from sitting through standing to walking. In this study we evaluate the unrestricted, natural pattern of movement of the STW task from a hospital bed of 21 (5 Female, 16 Male) frail (MFS > 55) adults (68.0±11.2 years) with a total of 144 unique trials. Bed height (low, medium, high) and bed rail condition (no rails, Hill-Rom®, Stryker®), were varied, generating 9 potential trial types per participant. A new STW phase, Stand Preparation, is defined specifically for the frail that occurs just prior to the Flexion Momentum Phase, also named here as the Stand Initiation Phase. In conjunction with the newly defined Stand Preparation Phase, movements used by the frail to maintain or regain balance during STW task are newly defined as corrective behaviors (CBs). These include hand, foot, leg and torso CBs. In 144 unique STW trials, 678 hand and foot CBs were observed and recorded. The most frequent CB type was the hand CB (335), followed by the foot CB (316). A coding system for use in the kinematic analysis of the natural STW task was developed that identifies CBs through visual observation. In addition, a 3D biomechanical model was generated from collected marker position data and will be used in future biomechanical analyses with the visually observed CB data. The Stand Initiation Phase contained the most CBs. Significant factors included bed height and phase, as well as their interaction (all with p-values ≤ 0.006). This is the first study to establish a more accurate and complete STW of the frail elderly, as well as to define CBs employed during their natural STW. The dataset from this coding system, along with the newly established STW phases of the frail, are currently being used for further analyses to determine the exact timing and position of fall initiations during STW of the frail.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115615505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Based EEG Analysis: Proposal and Verification of Mathematical Model for Application to Neurotechnology","authors":"Kenyu Uehara, Takashi Saito","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11643","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We have modeled dynamics of EEG with one degree of freedom nonlinear oscillator and examined the relationship between mental state of humans and model parameters simulating behavior of EEG. At the IMECE conference last year, Our analysis method identified model parameters sequentially so as to match the waveform of experimental EEG data of the alpha band using one second running window. Results of temporal variation of model parameters suggested that the mental condition such as degree of concentration could be directly observed from the dynamics of EEG signal. The method of identifying the model parameters in accordance with the EEG waveform is effective in examining the dynamics of EEG strictly, but it is not suitable for practical use because the analysis (parameter identification) takes a long time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test the proposed model-based analysis method for general application as a neurotechnology. The mathematical model used in neuroscience was improved for practical use, and the test was conducted with the cooperation of four subjects. model parameters were experimentally identified approximately every one second by using least square method. We solved a binary classification problem of model parameters using Support Vector Machine. Results show that our proposed model-based EEG analysis is able to discriminate concentration states in various tasks with an accuracy of over 80%.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"21 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123451425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Bio-Inspired Structures for 3D Force Sensing Using Virtual Prototyping","authors":"Ahmed M. Alotaibi, S. Anwar","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11089","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 3D force sensors have been proven its effectiveness and appropriateness for robotics applications. It has been used in medical and physical therapy applications such as surgical robot and Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Manipulation (IASTM) in the recent times. The 3D force sensors have been utilized in robot assisted surgeries and modern physical therapy devices to monitor the 3D forces for improved performances. The 3D force sensor performance and specifications depend on different design parameters, such as structural configuration, sensing elements placements, and load criterion. In this paper, different bioinspired structure configurations have been investigated and analyzed to obtain the optimal 3D force sensor configuration in terms of structural integrity, compactness, safety factor, and strain sensitivity. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation was used for the analysis to minimize the time of the development cycle.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123402960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetics of Load Carriage by Bamboo Carrying Poles","authors":"Yuning Xu, Lianxin Yang, Ken Chen, Jiwen Zhang, Chenglong Fu","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10584","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Unlike western conventions of rigid body attachments (e.g. backpack), carriers in Asia prefer to use bamboo poles, an ancient, ingenious, elastically-suspended equipment, especially when carrying heavy loads. As an elastically-suspended equipment, bamboo pole might have some potential benefits including reducing peak shoulder forces as well as saving metabolic transport cost, but certain skills should be needed for loading. Experienced carriers routinely carry loads exceeding their own body mass (Mb) for a long distance, while novices might hurt themselves. However, no skillful bamboo pole carriers’ performance or loading with heavy load has not been reported as far as we know. We set out to determine the loads capability and distances carried by skillful carriers, measure their metabolic cost for carrying the loads, and observe whether their natural walking speed changed as a function of load.\u0000 In this paper, we compared the skillful carriers’ energy expenditure on carrying loads in both normal bamboo pole on shoulder and typical backpacks with hip support. Both carrying postures were normal, just as what subjects used in their daily life. The O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured in 13 subjects while standing or walking with loads. All subjects were asked to carry loads ranging from 0 kg to their load capacity in two loading type, while walking on a 1-meter wide nearly circular level track at their preferred speed. These speeds were record by cameras placed beside the track.\u0000 Experimental results show that bamboo pole perform better under heavy load: 1. Loading by bamboo pole helped carriers to load 16% body weight heavier than by backpack on average. 2. With the load increasing, the walking speed loading by backpack would decrease from 1.3m/s (0kg) to 1.1m/s (load capacity), however loading by bamboo pole would slightly increase. 3. The rate of energy consumptions both increase with load increasing. Bamboo pole require more metabolic consumption than backpack with same load. 4. Since natural walking speed by bamboo pole faster than by backpack, the cost of transport by bamboo pole would be more economic than by backpack while the load is 50kg or more.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116158136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Model and Vibrational Analysis of a Dolphin’s Acoustic System","authors":"Alec Dryden, B. Huhmann, Oscar Martin-Garcia, Shawn Duan","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10806","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a vibrational model of a dolphin’s acoustic system is presented. The working mechanism encompasses the dolphin’s lungs and nasal passage which hosts air pockets, the phonic lips, anterior and posterior bursae, the melon, lower jaw, and the brain. However, this study’s components of interest were the phonic lips, anterior bursa, and the surrounding muscle tissues. The phonic lips were modeled as rigid plates, surrounding muscles were modeled as springs, and the bursa was modeled as a damper. The chosen mechanical elements produced an underdamped system. There were two cases considered: a system in which the dolphin produces one click and a system in which the dolphin produces a series of clicks, called a click train. The former case is produced when the posterior phonic lip quickly and suddenly impacts the anterior phonic lip. Therefore, this was modeled as an impulse input. The latter case is produced when the posterior and anterior lip periodically engage one another. This was modeled as a sawtooth input. Using commercial computer software, a total of four different scenarios were considered, a healthy dolphin scenario and sick dolphin scenario for each input type.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"131 5-6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Mechanical Properties of PCL-Based Nanofiber Mats Using Atomic Force Microscopy","authors":"Allison E. White, A. DeVos, Amr Elhussein, Jack Blank, K. Nair","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11944","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polymeric scaffolds aid in creating an environment for cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue engineering applications by acting as temporary artificial extracellular matrices (ECMs) for cells to form functional tissue. Many studies have reported that cell behavior can be significantly affected by the physical and chemical properties of a given scaffold. Therefore, the mechanical and structural properties of these scaffolds must be characterized. Polymeric solutions, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), have been electrospun into nanofiber mats to be used as cell scaffolds. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biocompatible polymer and is commonly used in tissue engineering applications; however, PCL is hydrophobic, which makes it difficult for cells to adhere to the mat. Coating the PCL-based mats with collagen, a naturally occurring protein with hydrophilic properties, may improve cell adhesion to the scaffold. The collagen coating may also alter the mechanical properties of the nanofiber mats. In this study, the effect of collagen coating on cell adhesion and proliferation are investigated using alamarBlue tests. Additionally, the mechanical and surface properties of PCL-based nanofiber mats are investigated using a Nanosurf C3000 atomic force microscope (AFM). One batch of PCL mats were coated with collagen, while the uncoated mats were used as controls. The cell behavior and material property values obtained from the uncoated PCL and collagen-coated PCL mats were analyzed and compared. The results of this study suggest that collagen does significantly influence the cell proliferation and material properties of PCL-based mats and that further studies should be conducted to better understand the effects of the nanoscale properties of the PCL-based mats on cell adhesion.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"118 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133488863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Input Image Configurations on Output of a Convolutional Neural Network to Detect Cerebral Aneurysms","authors":"Kazuhiro Watanabe, H. Anzai, Norman Juchler, S. Hirsch, P. Bijlenga, M. Ohta","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rupture of cerebral aneurysms is the main cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, which can have devastating effects on quality of life. The identification and assessment of unruptured aneurysms from medical images is therefore of significant clinical relevance.\u0000 In recent years, the availability of clinical imaging data has rapidly increased, which calls for computer assisted detection (CAD) systems. Previous studies have shown that CAD systems based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) can help to detect cerebral aneurysms from magnetic resonance angiographies (MRAs). However, these CAD systems require large datasets of annotated medical images. Thus, more efficient tools for processing and categorizing medical imaging data are required.\u0000 Previous studies of CNN-based classification for medical images used various patch configurations of input data. These studies showed that classification accuracy was affected by the patch size or image representation. Thus, we hypothesize that the accuracy of CADs to detect cerebral aneurysms can be improved by adjusting the configuration of the input patches.\u0000 In the present study, we performed CNN-based medical imaging classification for varying input data configurations to examine the relationship between classification accuracy and data configuration.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134299749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Analysis of the Biomechanical Parameters Used for the Assessment of Normal and Pathological Gait: A Literature Review","authors":"Juan C Arellano-González, H. I. Medellín-Castillo, J. Cervantes-Sánchez","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The analysis of human gait represents a valuable tool for an early and timely identification of diseases and pathologies, as well as to follow up treatments and rehabilitation programs. However, although several research works in the literature have addressed the assessment of human gait as a diagnostic tool, few works have focused on the biomechanical parameters and metrics needed for such practice. This work presents the results of an investigation carried out to identify and analyze the biomechanical parameters used in the literature to assess the human walking, both pathological and normal. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted to detect and analyze the biomechanical parameters. A classification of these parameters based on the application area is proposed and comprises clinical, sport and exploration. These parameters are also classified according to the origin of the problem into musculoskeletal, neurological and circulatory. The biomechanical parameters identified are analyzed and discussed using set theory. The results indicate that the analysis of the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait allows a detailed and economic study of this mode of locomotion. The most used gait parameters are: step length, stride length, step width, gait speed, gait phases, cadence, swing time and stance time. On the other hand, the study of gait in the clinical area makes use of nearly all the gait parameters reported in the literature, i.e. spatial, temporal, angular, force and other specific parameters according to the type of pathology being analyzed.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115199544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}