Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Osteoporotic Bone Augmentation Utilizing Curved Pattern of PMMA Injection: A Combined Finite Element and Optimization Investigation","authors":"Amirhossein Farvardin, M. Armand","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-12023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A potential effective treatment for prevention of osteoporotic hip fractures is augmentation of the mechanical properties of the femur by injecting it with Polymethyl-Methacrylate (PMMA). We have previously developed a preoperative planning workstation to optimize the pattern of cement injection. In this planning paradigm, injections occur on a straight line limiting the overall match between the optimal and injected volumes of the cement. In addition, new advancements in drilling techniques has made it possible to plan and drill the bone based on a curved trajectory. In this study, we introduced a methodology to find the optimal drill path for PMMA injection. With the aid of Finite Element (FE) and hydrodynamic simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated. Results showed that with an average injection of 7.2 ml, the proposed method can increase the yield load of the femur by 69%. Future works involve experimental validation of this method in cadaveric studies.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122796436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the Cardiovascular Changes of a Rabbit Caused by Phenylephrine via a Microfluidic-Based Tactile Sensor","authors":"Dan Wang, F. Lattanzio, Mario C. Rodriguez, Z. Hao","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11416","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, a microfluidic-based tactile sensor was investigated for monitoring changes in the cardiovascular (CV) system of a rabbit caused by phenylephrine. The sensor was fixed on the front right leg of an anesthetized rabbit to measure the arterial pulse signal. Phenylephrine, as a vasoconstrictor, was used to introduce CV changes of the rabbit. Two sensors, one with high sensitivity and the other with low sensitivity, were tested on their suitability for measuring the pulse signals of the rabbit. The sensor with low sensitivity generated clear pulse signals and was further used to monitor the CV changes of the rabbit caused by phenylephrine. An automated sphygmomanometer and an ECG were used to record blood pressure and heart rate for comparison. Three low-dose injections of phenylephrine were sequentially performed on the rabbit. Through model-based analysis of the measured pulse signals, arterial elastic modulus, arterial radius and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were obtained. As compared with the baseline values measured before injection, injections of phenylephrine caused an increase in mean blood pressure (MAP) recorded by the medical instruments, and a decrease in arterial radius (increase in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)) and an increase in arterial elastic modulus and PWV captured by the tactile sensor. Thus, the tactile sensor was proven to be feasible for monitoring the changes in the CV system caused by phenylephrine.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125119169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Analysis of Bubble Soccer to Prevent Head Injuries","authors":"Mahir D. Rafi, A. Sadegh, Z. Frankel","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10650","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bubble soccer is a recreational soccer game that has gained huge popularity in recent years. In this modified soccer game, the players are strapped inside the hollow region of a “donut” shaped inflatable membrane, in a fashion similar to how a backpack is worn. Due to the large sizes of bubble membrane, collision among players is a major component of bubble soccer games, which often results in the players falling over and hitting the ground at high impact speed. To ensure that the player’s head doesn’t come in contact with the ground, Bubble ball Business Association (BBA) [3] recommends a minimum clearance of 20.3 cm between the player’s head and the top surface of the bubble membrane. This criteria, however, depends on the structural rigidity of the bubble ball, which is a function of its inflation pressure. This paper presents the results from a series of Finite Element studies, which sought to investigate the dynamic behavior of both bubble ball and soccer players in the aftermath of a vertical impact (with the player’s head and bubble ball both being upside-down), at gauge inflation pressures ranging from 3.45 kPa to 17.25 kPa, with the BBA specified head clearance. Even though vertical impacts of such nature are extremely unlikely in bubble soccer, it was preferred over oblique ground impacts as vertical impacts is capable of causing more sever impacts. Additionally, the results from the vertical studies can also serve as recommendations for side impacts with vertical walls and for head-on collisions among players. In all simulations, a medium sized bubble ball was considered with a player mass of 100 kg (25% more than BBA specification). The results showed that the player’s head, at a minimum inflation pressure of 10.35 kPa, would preserve 88% of the initial 20.3 cm clearance value, in the aftermath of impact. At pressures lower than this minimum value, it was observed that the ball didn’t inflate enough, and thus, wasn’t structurally rigid, to exert sufficient lateral force on the player’s body. As a consequence, the frictional force at the player-ball interface in the direction opposite to the impact was also low, which resulted in the player’s head hitting the ground. Since 10.35 kPa is a relatively high inflation pressure, it can cause significant damage of the internal organs of the player during impact, as well as can cause discomfort during the game. This may trigger the players to reduce the inflation pressure, which as these studies show, has dangerous consequences. Thus, further studies were conducted by increasing the initial clearance of the head to the ball’s top surface from 20.3 cm to 25.4 cm and 30.5 cm, which showed that the ball would prevent the head from hitting the ground at inflation pressures of 6.9 kPa and 1.725 kPa respectively. Thus, if the position of the strap within the ball is adjusted allowing for higher head clearance, lower inflation pressures are sufficient to prevent head injuries, which will improve th","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127283305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering of Human Motion Trajectory for Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot Design Based on Machine Learning","authors":"Kangren Zhao, Zhiqiang Teng, N. Gong, Chen Fangkang, Ping Zhao","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10471","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lower limb rehabilitation robots, which usually produce repeated rehabilitative motion, not only simulate general human walking to help patients practice, but also do benefits to the remodel central nervous system to learn and store correct motion model. However, patients with different body parameters usually have different lower limb motion trajectories, and sometimes even the same person’s multiple motion trajectories could differ, thus the task of designing a specific lower limb rehabilitation mechanism for the realization of every motion trajectory is not practical. In this paper, we propose an approach to the clustering of motion trajectories of human lower limb to obtain a limited number of rehabilitation task motion types. Firstly, Gaussian distribution is adopted for the fitting of multiple trajectories of the same person. Through comparison of various clustering algorithms according to separation and compactness, Hierarchical clustering algorithm is chosen to obtain the partitions of the clusters. Finally, the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model of each cluster is established. Results show that clusters generated by this approach can reflect motion trajectory of the subjects and predict human lower limb motion pattern. With a limited number of lower-limb motion patterns, the design task of rehabilitation robots could be greatly simplified.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129408260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motion Estimation and Path Planning for Assistive Robotic Devices","authors":"M. Cheng, Po-Lin Huang, Hao-Chuan Chu, E. A. McKenzie","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-12296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12296","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Assistive robotic devices have recently become a popular tool in various healthcare applications. To better assist users in their daily activities with robotic devices, adequate moving paths of joints need to be adopted based on user’s motions. In this paper, a motion predicting model was proposed. With the model developed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the corresponding type of motions can be determined efficiently in the initial state. A deriving procedure of common trajectories of desired motions has also been proposed using the approach of temporal alignment. These derived common trajectories are stored as a library. After the type of a specific motion being identified, paths are then synthesized to drive robotic devices with these derived common trajectories.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Parkinson’s Disease Tremor and Correlation Analysis With Applied Signal Processing","authors":"N. Zhu, Nathaniel S. Miller","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10622","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Accurate measurement and assessment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) tremor is important for patients, clinicians, and researchers to track changes in disease progression and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. This study measured resting, postural, and kinetic tremor from patient’s most-affected hand with accelerometers and gyrometers, thus the linear and rotational motions in the x, y, z directions were obtained. Data were collected when patients were both ON and OFF their anti-PD medications. A bandpass filter was applied to extract raw tremor information and several signal processing algorithms were used to analyze the data in both time and frequency domains, including the correlations between motions at different directions. The results of medication effectiveness on PD tremor and the correlational analyses will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130082571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Human Hair Medulla in Solar UV Transmission Through Skin","authors":"Xiyong Huang, A. Al-Jumaily, Michael D. Protheroe, A. Chalmers, Xiang Fu, S. Paul","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10405","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The role human hair plays on the solar ultraviolet (UV) transmission in the skin has been investigated regarding melanoma development in our previous work. However, due to the lack of knowledge about the optical properties of human hair medulla, hair has always been modelled as a homogenous structure in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of photon transport in skin. In this paper, we have estimated the ratio range of the absorption to attenuation coefficient of hair medulla, in order to examine how the presence of medulla would affect the solar UV transmission in the skin. This was simulated in TracePro™ software with the implementation of the MC method for photon transport. The results show that medullated and non-medullated terminal hairs have similar shielding effects against solar UV transmission into skin.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131054764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid BCI Controller for a Semi-Autonomous Wheelchair","authors":"V. Nandikolla, Travis K. van Leeuwen, Amiel Hartman","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10463","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Smart wheelchairs with semi or fully autonomous functions, can greatly improve the mobility of physically impaired persons. However, most are controlled using inputs that require physical manipulation (e.g. joystick controllers) and for persons with severe physical impairments this method of control can be too demanding. A noninvasive brain-computer interface (BCI) technology-based controller could bridge between the smart wheelchairs users and physically impaired persons with severe conditions. Current BCI controlled wheelchairs rely on detecting steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) responses as these typically have the greatest data transfer rate. However, this method requires the user to focus on a screen for an extended period of time. This causes strain on the user and takes their attention away from their surroundings, which could be dangerous in a scenario that requires navigation around multiple moving objects. The focus of this project is to design a hybrid BCI controller using an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset to detect hand motor imagery (MI) and jaw electromyography (EMG) signals to control a smart wheelchair in conjunction with its semi-autonomous capabilities. A controller of this kind is well-known to have low data transfer rates, and therefore has lower accuracy and longer response times as compared to other controllers. However, a properly structured controller hierarchy between the BCI controller and semi-autonomous system is developed to compensate the limitations of the controller’s accuracy.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115590579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between the Frictional Shear Stresses and the Normal Pressure on the Buttocks While Lying on a Spine Board","authors":"Vinay Kumar Pallerla, M. S. Hefzy","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11814","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cushions have been used on spine boards to reduce the interface pressure acting on the skin and thus prevent the formation of pressure ulcers. Several studies have focused on determining how using different types of cushions can reduce the normal interface pressure on the buttocks while lying on the spine boards. On the other hand, and while it has been agreed upon that the shear stresses contribute to the formation of pressure ulcers, this role has not been understood or quantified. The purpose of this work is to use 3-D finite element modeling to determine the contact frictional shear stresses at the buttocks while an individual is lying on a spine board when cushions of various stiffnesses are used.\u0000 The Zygote Solid 3D Male Human Anatomy model was used to construct a 3D CAD model of a section of the human body in the pelvic region. Skin, fat, muscles and bones were identified in the model. The Zygote SolidWorks model, the HyperMesh finite element preprocessor, and the ABAQUS software were used to create the finite element model. Bones were considered as an elastic isotropic material whereas skin, fat and muscles were modeled using Hyperelastic Neo-Hookean materials. Results were obtained to find the effects of body weight on the shear stresses while a person is lying flat with his buttocks contacting the spine board.\u0000 The results indicate that frictional skin shear stresses cannot be ignored since they were found to be, and depending on the cushion material, about 15% to 35% of the maximum normal pressure. We propose, and for the first time, a relationship to estimate the maximum shear stresses at the buttocks in terms of the maximum normal pressure for different Young’s moduli of cushions. These results can also be used as a guide to select cushion material that minimize normal and shear interface stresses.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130764552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Cutting Path on Custom 3D-Printed Surgical Guides for Bone-Tumor Resection","authors":"Carlos G. Helguero, J. Castro, C. Ochoa, F. Maldonado, E. A. Ramírez, Jorge L. Amaya","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10627","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Custom three-dimensional (3D) printed guides are being used in the operative room as an aid to surgeons for increasing the accuracy of their cutting and resection techniques. In terms of bone-tumor resection, the cutting path printed in the custom jig is significantly important for two main purposes: first, the required fit for the implant that will replace the resected bone section and, second, the interaction between the remaining, healthy bone and the new implant in terms of forces, stresses and deformation.\u0000 Bone tumor resection has posed a challenge in orthopedic oncology, specifically due to a high level of difficulty in performing a limb-sparing surgery with negative margins on the remaining bone. A straight cutting path is usually used in clinical procedures due to the type of tooling available inside the operative room. 3D printed cutting path guides offer the possibility to evolve from a straight to a different path, e.g. a tapered path, and overcome fitting problems during surgery.\u0000 This work investigates the current straight cutting path used for typical bone tumor resection and compares it to a proposed tapered cutting path in terms of both implant fitting and stress analysis. Finite element analysis software is used to simulate a compression force exerted over the femur bone. Different taper cut angles are studied and results are reported to obtain an ideal angle for resection. Results are presented to evidence the need to evolve from the current resection technique in order to minimize the number of revision surgeries and for a better quality of life of patients under this type of surgical procedure.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125470211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}