Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A Passive Hybrid Model to Estimate the Elastic Performance of Left Ventricular Cardiac Fibres","authors":"Jacobo Córdova Aquino, H. I. Medellín-Castillo","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-12124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of mathematical and numerical models of the human heart has become a matter of high relevance in the scientific community because of the difficulty of measuring the properties and performance of the cardiac tissue in vivo, and carrying out experimental tests under different healthy and pathological conditions. Several heart models have been proposed in the literature, but the results still differ from each other.\u0000 In this paper, a new passive heart model to estimate the elastic behaviour of the left ventricular (LV) cardiac fibres is presented. The model is based on a hybrid approach that combines a theoretical approach to determine the equivalent material properties of each layer of the LV tissue, which represents an advantage with respect to other more elaborated or complex models, and an inverse finite element method (FEM) to determine the volume of the LV internal cavity under loading conditions. The proposed model uses the LV pressure and volume measurements along a real cardiac cycle as loading and target conditions, respectively. The results are analysed in terms of the elastic properties of the cardiac fibres and compared with the results obtained from other more complex and elaborated models reported in the literature. From this analysis it is observed that the new proposed model is reliable and able to estimate the elastic behaviour of the cardiac tissue.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between the Arterial Geometry and Wall Shear Stress in the Vertebrobasilar System","authors":"Fangjia Pan, H. Anzai, S. Mugikura, Ko Kitamura, M. Ohta","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10866","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis is an arterial disease; without successful treatment, it has a mortality rate approximately 80%–95%. Thus, predicting risk factors of vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis is of utmost importance. Previous studies have demonstrated that wall shear stress (WSS) contributes to atherosclerosis. In addition, geometry and WSS are correlated. The present study focuses on the description of equation using detailed relationship between arterial geometry and WSS in the vertebrobasilar system (VBS); magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used for the analysis. Using constructed patient-specific models, WSS of basilar arteries (BAs) was calculated and then analyzed with morphological parameters. According to the statistical results, both the area and curvature of BAs are associated with WSS. Based on the relations, a liner fitted equation can be proposed. As this study is underway, more precise evaluation of the correlation between morphology and fluid shear stress could help predict risk factors and select treatment methods for this arterial disease.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129744867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the Stiffness of Biceps Muscle Using Accelerometer","authors":"Muhammad Salman, A. Palmer, S. Iqbal","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With increasing awareness of health benefits from incorporating exercise for a more physically active lifestyle, a natural increase in injuries to connective tissues within the body is inevitable. Determining the condition of these tissues by current imaging techniques is expensive, difficult, and not entirely reliable. Using a Modally Hand Impact Hammer and 3D accelerometers, shear wave propagation from surface vibrations of superficial skeletal muscle was measured. The use of accelerometers in this technique contribute some advantages over other techniques. The ability to mount the accelerometers directly to subject area provides greater flexibility for the subject and the investigator. Utilizing this method provides low cost, non-invasive, reliable and repeatable measure of material characteristics. An increase in shear wave propagation and Modulus of Elasticity were observed in 10 subjects as the number of excited muscle fibers within the biceps brachii increased (muscular contraction) and decreased lower than initial resting values post muscular contraction. This technique may prove more practical in clinical settings for swift in-house or on-site assessments of muscle stiffness to help determine the condition. In a broader relationship, this process further demonstrates that techniques developed through mechanical engineering are beneficial to the health and biology fields.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131927580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Specific Mitral Valve Replicas for Preoperative Planning of Mitral Valve Repair","authors":"M. Kruttschnitt, Nouray N. Hassan, K. Tiemann, N. Hitschrich, R. Sodian, T. Lueth","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10347","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mitral valve regurgitation is one of the most common heart valve disorders and mitral valve repair is the favored therapy. For preoperative planning of the procedure, heart surgeons mentally interpret ultrasound images of the mitral valve. To improve preoperative understanding of the mitral valve and preoperative planning of the repair, we and other groups research patient-specific mitral valve replicas. The mitral valve is segmented from 3D ultrasound image data of the heart and a corresponding casting mold is designed and 3D printed. With it, the mitral valve replica is cast out of silicone. So far, segmentation and casting mold design are done manually. This makes the manufacturing of the mitral valve replicas laborious and complicates clinical application. We present patient-specific mitral valve replicas where the segmentation is semi-automatic and the casting mold design is completely automatic. We use an existing software that semi-automatically segments mitral valves from 3D ultrasound image data and developed an automatic casting mold design that automatically creates casting molds based on the segmented mitral valves. With this, patient-specific mitral valve replicas can be manufactured that may help heart surgeons to get a more precise understanding of the mitral valve preoperatively and to plan the most effective surgical repair technique. The automation should facilitate independent and mass clinical application. We equipped a heart clinic with our system and manufactured patient-specific mitral valve replicas for several patients. A heart surgeon planned mitral valve repair with them. We present one of the cases.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133312273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Feedback Conditions on Blood Viscosity Estimation Method in Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic-Measurement-Integrated Blood Flow Analysis","authors":"T. Kishimoto, H. Kadowaki, Takeshi Tokunaga, K. Mori, Takashi Saito","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11837","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wall shear stress from blood flow is particularly considered to be a factor that promotes atherosclerosis, and is expressed as the product of blood viscosity and velocity gradient of blood flow. If in vivo wall shear stress can be evaluated by simultaneously measuring blood flow velocity and blood flow velocity gradient in real time, it is thought that blood viscosity estimation leads to elucidation of mechanism of arteriosclerosis and early detection.\u0000 In previous study, a blood viscosity estimation method was proposed by applying two-dimensional ultrasonic-measurement-integrated (2D-UMI) blood-flow analysis reproducing an intravascular blood flow field by feeding back an ultrasonic measurement to a numerical fluid analysis. The estimation accuracy was examined by a numerical experiment under specific conditions. However, the effects of analysis conditions on this method are not verified.\u0000 Accordingly, we investigated the effects of the feedback domain and the feedback gain on the estimation accuracy, and examined appropriate feedback conditions by a numerical experiment for a blood flow field of a straight blood vessel assuming a common carotid artery.\u0000 As a result, it was suggested that the estimation accuracy generally improves as the feedback gain is increased in a specific feedback domain.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122254539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytical Study of BMI Effects on Obese Senior Females in Vehicle Frontal Impact","authors":"Huijie Xu, Zhenfei Zhan, Yunlei Yin, Wenxiang Dong, Qingmiao Wang, Ruyi Chen, X. Jin","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10918","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Prior works showed that elderly females are a vulnerable segment of the population that needs special attention for their safety in traffic accidents. To study the injury performance of this vulnerable group in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), a finite element model was developed to represent the full body of 70-year-old regular sized female. However, this model did not take the variations in size and shape among this group of people into account. In this study, an adaptive radial basis functions (RBF) methodology is developed to rapidly morph the baseline model to the target models defined by the statistical models of external body surface and the exterior ribcage. High speed frontal crash simulations are subsequently performed to investigate the effects of BMI on impact injuries. The results show that obese senior female occupants sustained higher risks of thorax, femur and head injuries than that of regular sized occupants. While BMI has no linear effect on head and thorax injury.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122312320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Tornado-Like Flow Theory to the Study of Blood Flow in the Heart and Main Vessels: Study of the Potential Swirling Jets Structure in an Arbitrary Viscous Medium","authors":"E. Talygin, G. Kiknadze, A. Agafonov, A. Gorodkov","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11298","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In previous works it has been proved that the dynamic geometry of the streamlined surface of the flow channel of the heart chambers and main arteries corresponds with a good agreement to the shape of the swirling flow streamlines. The vectorial velocity field of such a flow in a cylindrical coordinate system was described by means of specific analytical solution basing on the potentiality of the longitudinal and radial velocity components. The viscosity of the medium was taken into account only in the expression for the azimuthal velocity component and the significant effect of viscosity was manifested only in a narrow axial region of a swirling jet. The flow described by the above relations is quasipotential, axisymmetric, and convergent. The structural organization of this flow implies the elimination of rupture and stagnation zones, and minimizes the viscous losses. The proximity of the real blood flow under the normal conditions to the specified class of swirling flows allows us to determine the basic properties of the blood flow possessing the high pressure-flow characteristics without stability loss. The blood flow has an external border, and the interaction with the channel wall and between moving fluid elements is weak. These properties of the jet explain the possibility of a balanced blood flow in biologically active boundaries. Violation of the jet properties can lead to the excitation of biologically active components and trigger the corresponding cascade protective and compensatory processes. The evolution of the flow is determined by the time-dependent characteristic functions, which are the frequency characteristics of the rotating jet, as well as functions depending on the dimension of the swirling jet. Previous experimental studies revealed close connection between changes in the characteristic functions and dynamics of the cardiac cycle. Therefore, it is natural to express these functions in analytical form. For these purposes it was necessary to establish the link between these functions and the spatial characteristics of the swirling jet. To solve this problem the analytical solution for the velocity field of a swirling jet was substituted into the Navier-Stokes system and continuity differential equations in a cylindrical coordinate system. As a result, a new system of differential equations was obtained where the characteristic functions could be derived. The solution of these equations allows the identification of time-dependent characteristic functions, and the establishment of a link between the characteristic functions and the spatial coordinates of the swirling jet. This link gives the opportunity to substantiate a theoretical possibility for the modeling of quasipotential viscous flows with a given structure. The definition of characteristic functions makes it possible to obtain the exact solution which allows formalization of the boundary conditions for physical modeling and experimental study of this flow type. Such","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125659646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Obesity on Human Squat Exercise","authors":"D. Caruntu, J. Galarza, S. Vásquez, Jennifer Ramos, Michael Sander","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11233","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper deals with the effect of obesity on human squat exercise. The aforementioned clinical condition affects gait (and other daily common activities) in a sense that alterations are made to gait patterns and speed in order to accommodate the patient when participating in physical activities such as walking, making a turn, etc. This work consists of experimental data collected from a subject during moderate squat exercise. Two cases were considered, first, subject with no additional mass, and second, subject with additional mass. The experimental data is collected in the Biomechanics Laboratory at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. The squat depth for each trial was kept at a constant height 1 foot from the ground, which corresponds to moderate squat exercise. Phase planes, tools used in nonlinear dynamics, were used to investigate the significant differences between the two cases, no additional weight vs. additional weight. Also, Lyapunov exponents are calculated to assess the stability of the knee joint. There are significant differences in the lateral direction of the centers of mass of both femur and tibia. Moreover the stability of the knee flexion angle decreases with additional mass.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115430387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biomechanical Investigation of Collagen, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on the Achilles Tendon in a Rat Model","authors":"Brittany Austin, Hazel Marie, D. Fagan, Jared Vanasdale, Stuart Drew","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-10641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10641","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aims to biomechanically compare four different treatment methods for repair enhancement in Achilles tendon rupture in rats: collagen, collagen and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), collagen and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), and a combination of collagen, platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stromal cells (CPM) at one and two week healing periods. This study included ninety Lewis rats weighing approximately 200–300 g. Ten rats were used as donors for MSC and PRP. For the remaining eighty rats, the right leg was completely transected 6 mm proximal to the calcaneus bone, suture repaired, wrapped in CollaTape (CoTa), and then closed. An injection of PRP, MSC, or PRP and MSC was given at the wound site to the applicable groups. After one or two weeks recovery time, the rats were sacrificed and both Achilles tendons were removed. The left tendons were used as virgin tissue controls. It was found that the maximum stress at failure, the total strain energy, the average modulus of elasticity, and the elastic strain energy all increase significantly from one week to two week recovery time. However, there was no statistical difference between treatment groups in any of the mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116973514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Thorax Model and 2D Grid of Force Sensors to Monitor Respiration","authors":"M. R. Dean, N. Martins, Joseph D. Brown, James McCusker, Guohua Ma, D. Dow","doi":"10.1115/imece2019-11238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11238","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sleep disorders impair the quality of life for many individuals, but often go undiagnosed and untreated due to the cost and sleep-disturbing aggravation of polysomnography, the clinical sleep test. Simpler sleep monitoring systems that could be used at home may provide useful health information. A 2D grid of force sensors within a mat beneath the thorax of a sleeping subject has been reported to enable monitoring of respiration during sleep. A physical model of a thorax over such a 2D grid of force sensors may enable more tests and perturbations of parameters than could be done using only human subjects. The purpose of this project was to develop and test a physical model of a thorax undergoing volume changes, and measuring the changes in force by a grid of force sensors under the model. A prototype system was developed. Early testing shows promise for being able to monitor the changes in force as volume of the model changes. More development and testing are required toward development of improved algorithms and systems for sleep monitoring mats.","PeriodicalId":332737,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering","volume":"139 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114047880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}