Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio最新文献

{"title":"Motives for selected crimes against life and health","authors":"W. Wożniak","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1114","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal behavior undermines both social and individual security. Exploring the motivational process in criminal acts focuses on searching for the sources of these acts and determining the factors that sustain criminal activity. Crime is not a homogeneous phenomenon, which makes the motives for crime diverse and complex. \u0000Criminological theories explore the causal factors of crime such as biological (including genetic), sociological (social), and psychological. A criminal act can be caused by an unformed drive, frustration, and be learned, including through following others. In the process of determining the motives for criminal behavior, it is not enough to point to direct motives because motivation should be approached as a process, which indicates the possibility of the development of motives over a certain time, and even many years. Thus, it is necessary to take into account socialization, personality traits (the level of aggressiveness, directiveness, and dominance), psychological needs (especially those unmet), and values, which, in a sense of responsibility, often can be considered anti-values. \u0000The major crimes against health and life are homicide, fights, and battery. In addition to ordinary murder, the Polish Penal Code lists aggravated murder (e.g., with extraordinary cruelty or as a result of motives deserving special condemnation) and privileged murder (committed under the influence of strong agitation justified by the circumstances), which can also be referred to as murder of passion. Fights and battery can be committed with or without the use of a dangerous object. \u0000A review of the literature indicates the following motives for homicide: robbery (economic), sexual, emotional, delusional, revenge, threat, insult, sense of harm, and jealousy. Perpetrators of fights and battery may be characterized by component factors of antisocial personality disorder as specified by DSM-5, such as non-compliance with legal and social norms, impulsivity, irritability, aggression, irresponsibility, and lack of guilt. \u0000In the case of crimes against life and health, it seems reasonable to identify several motives for the act. Motives are assessed primarily by a clinical interview. However, it should be taken into account that the perpetrators of these acts, for a variety of reasons, may obstruct justice.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131058552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role and tasks of the midwife as a member of the hospice perinatal care team","authors":"Adriana Poryszewska, M. Stefaniak, E. Dmoch-Gajzlerska, Barbara Mazurkiewicz","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.793","url":null,"abstract":"An unsuccessful prenatal diagnosis is a traumatic experience for parents expecting the birth of a child. Hospice Perinatal Care is aimed at families who are experiencing an unsuccessful prenatal diagnosis. It is a form of help and support by providing individualised care to the woman and her loved ones, tailored to their needs and expectations. One member of the hospice perinatal care team is the midwife. The aim of this article is to present the role of the midwife and the tasks of individual specialists in the therapeutic management of a pregnant woman with a prenatally diagnosed lethal defect in the fetus. The role and tasks of the midwife as a member of the team taking care of a pregnant patient with a diagnosed fetal lethal defect is primarily to accompany the woman during this difficult period, provide emotional support and prepare parents for the birth of a sick child and focus activities on the real needs of parents and adapt to their expectations.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125487995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the menstrual chart observation characteristics, meeting the typical cycle criteria among women of procreation age according to the symptom-thermal double-check method","authors":"K. Piasecka","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge concerning  value of menstrual cycle observation and its use to monitor procreative health is underestimated and limited in women's health promotion, education and health care. Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Adolescence and , American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends starting to observe the forming cycle as early as puberty in order to pre-screen girls , from groups at risk of fertility disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome. In view of the numerous reports on the increase in fertility problems, such a simple tool as self-observation of the menstrual cycle becomes particularly useful to learn about the natural rhythm of fertility and in the case of abnormalities, i.e. deviation from the typical course shortens the time to the first medical consultation. In Poland there are several non-governmental non-profit organizations, which through certified teachers of  fertility awareness methods can professionally support the teaching of adolescents, adults and interested people working in the health service in the field of fertility awareness, health education and natural family planning. \u0000Aim of  the presented study was to analyze 105 menstrual cycle observation charts among polish women not using contraception according to the principles of the symptom-thermal double-check method. \u0000Method: The study was performed using the method of documentation analysis, 105 menstrual cycle observation charts using the statistical package SPSS Statistica version 25. The level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: The average age of the women studied was 29 years. The majority of the women , i.e. more than 58%, were unmarried and childless (79.1%). The average length of the menstrual cycle was: 28.6 days. The average duration of the luteal phase was almost 13 days. The average length of days of highly fertile mucus was nearly 4 days. The average length of cycles of women over 35 years of age was: 28.88 days, while for women under 35 years of age. 28.48 days. The age of onset of the first menstrual period of the women studied varied between 10 and 17 years of age. \u0000Conclusions: The studied group of women was homogeneous in terms of the adopted eligibility criteria, i.e. they had typical cycles and did not use contraceptive methods. The examined parameters of the menstrual cycle, i.e.: the average length of the cycle , the course of the luteal phase and the average length of the occurrence of highly fertile mucus met the criteria for a normal cycle according to the symptom-thermal double-check method.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127354774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of low gamma-glutamyl transferase familial intrahepatic cholestasis - benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis in a 22-year-old woman: A case report and literature review","authors":"Marta Kaminska, J. Klapaczyński, U. Ołdakowska-Jedynak, D. Kamińska","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1099","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of cholestatic jaundice that may last days to months. It can start at any age, but often in a first decade of life. The syndrome does not lead to progressive liver dysfunction and cirrhosis. Between cholestatic episodes patients have no symptoms and laboratory levels are within the norms. The exact mechanism of cholestasis in BRIC and many other cholestatic conditions is poorly understood. Syndrome the first time was described in 1959r., in 2004 was proposed the following diagnostic criteria. The report presents a 22-year-old woman with the diagnosis of jaundice with an accompanying severe pruritus (first episode of BRIC). \u0000The aim: This article describes clinical presentation, laboratory abnormalities, and proposed etiologic factors responsible for BRIC. We intend to report this case due to rarity of this disease in Poland. \u0000Clinical case: Described as a clinical case course features of the BRIC. Knowledge of this entity is important issue as an early recognition that might prevent performance of expensive diagnostic algorithm. The laboratory tests and the whole clinical picture had conclusive results. Moreover, despite negative genetic test, the authors were sure that it is BRIC. \u0000Conclusion: BRIC is a disease not leading to progressive liver dysfunction and cirrhosis. It should be remembered the characteristic symptoms of BRIC, a very low level of GGT accompanied by jaundice and itching. It has a great diagnostic importance (by shortening the procedure algorithm), allowing for a quick diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114464829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes of prospective spouses towards moral principles regulating procreative behaviors","authors":"U. Dudziak","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1107","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of transmission life is a precious gift for both spouses and society as a whole.  This gift is protected by moral principles that show the need to reject anything that goes against responsible parenting.  However, it can be noticed that when some people appreciate the possibilities of reproduction and living in harmony with their own sexuality and fertility, others struggle with it.  They do not recognize fertile and infertile days of the cycle, but eliminate fertility through contraceptives and even allow abortion.  In the case of problems with conception, some decide to undergo in vitro fertilization, regardless of the instrumentalisation and medicalization of procreation, the death of some embryos as part of the procedures undertaken, or the possible negative health effects. \u0000The article consisting of three parts regres 1.x1qto passages from Holy Scripture and numerous documents of the Catholic Church on procreation and moral principles in the field of transmitting human life.  In this way, it answers the question 'how should it be?'.  The answer to the question 'how is it?' becomes possible thanks to the research, especially prepared for this purpose, questionnaire: Attitudes towards marital and family morality.  The respondents were people preparing for marriage as part of courses organized by parishes in villages near Lublin.  It would seem that the inhabitants of smaller towns pay more attention to the opinions of others than the anonymous inhabitants of cities, and it is conducive to maintaining moral norms and living in accordance with them.  However, the polls of a large part of the respondents indicate serious discrepancies between the indications of the Catholic Church and the attitudes expressed.  Although the vast majority define themselves as 'believers' and 'definitely believers', more than half of them perform religious practices: 'irregularly', 'once in  a blue Moon', or not at all.  Many people reveal references to procreation that are inconsistent with the moral principles proclaimed by the Church.  This situation requires an answer to the question: 'what ought you do to make things as it should be?'  The opportunity and hope for recovery is the program implemented as part of the premarital course for brides nad grooms, as well as the knowledge, skills and commitment of the priests and family life counselors who lead it.  You can see how important and responsible they have a task to fulfill.  However, it also seems necessary to extend this responsibility to the whole of society.  So that, thanks to the earlier, morally correct and family-oriented education of clients, priests and counselors would not have to make up for the lost time or correct someone's mistakes.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"28 23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115230687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What enables elite athletes to maintain vigour during a pandemic? The importance of personal resources in coping with stress","authors":"Aleksandra Samełko, Marta Szczypińska, M. Guszkowska","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1087","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between the level of vigour during the first wave of  the COVID -19 pandemic and selected personal resources for coping with stress : sense of coherence, hope for sucess and coping strategies. Participants of research were 57 individual sports players have been preparing for the Olympic Games in Tokyo, including 29 women and 28 men (aged 18 to 39 (M = 26.61, SD = 5.562). Methods: in the study conducted in April 2020, the following questionnaires were used: Profile of Mood State (POMS), The Hope for Success Questionnaire (HSQ), The Life Orientation Questionnaire (SOC- 29), The Inventory for Measuring Coping with Stress (Mini COPE). \u0000Results: Significant relationshipp between vigour and two components of the sense of coherence were established: the sense of meaningfullness (r=0.566; p<0.001) and the sense of manageability (r=0.478; p<0,001), both dimensions of hope for success: willpower (r=0.485; p<0.001) and the ability to find sulutions (r=0.49; p = 0.001), helplessness strategy (r = -0.456; p <0.001).) \u0000Conclusions: Strong relationships between vigour and the components of the sense of coherence confirm its important role in coping with stress by athletes during a pandemic, especially in maintaining a positive mood. Maintaining vigour by the athletes of the elite is fostered by hope for success, understood as a personality disposition. Active stress management strategies can be an effective way to maintain positive effect during the stressful period of a pandemic. Helplessness, in turn, can lower its level. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132530328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Lubelskie Voivodeship in 2008-2018 - part II: the obesity epidemic","authors":"K. Jankowski","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1121","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: All over the world, the problem of excess body weight is being raised more and more frequently. In 2021. the number of obese people has tripled compared to 1975. Due to the constantly growing number of people meeting the criteria for overweight and obesity, it is becoming extremely important to implement preventive measures. Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Program implemented in Poland as part of the National Health Fund program is a good opportunity to identify patients with abnormal body weight and to correct behavior and health education. \u0000Material: A retrospective analysis of data obtained by the National Health Fund as part of the implementation of 86,485 preventive cards of the Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Program in the Lubelskie Voivodeship in 2008-2018 was carried out. The analyzes were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25 program. The chi-square test and the Pearson linear correlation between the quantitative features were used to test the relationship between the two qualitative features. Significant predictors of a risk factor for cardiovascular disease were determined using multivariate logistic regression. The significance level was assumed to be α = 0.05 for two-tailed tests. \u0000Results: The average BMI value was 26.12 kg / m2. 1st degree obesity was diagnosed in 14.3% of patients, 2nd degree - 2.9%, 3rd degree - 0.7%. Excess body weight was significantly more often observed among men. With the increase in the number of years in the study population, the occurrence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher. One unit increase in BMI was associated with a 13% increase in the risk of high blood pressure and a 12% increase in the risk of serum glucose ≥126 mg/dl. It also increased the risk of hypercholesterolaemia by 4.2% and of elevated LDL levels by 5.5%. \u0000Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity is extremely worrying. Excessive body weight undeniably translates into worse health of the population. The Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Program at Primary Healthcare Clinics is a convenient opportunity to identify the factors leading to the development of obesity and to promote health-promoting behaviors.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130758435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental attitudes of mothers raising sons with Crohn's disease","authors":"Małgorzata Weryszko, Izabela Rejmer","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1108","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the issues and presents research on parental attitudes of mothers towards somatically ill children. The analysis of the issue includes the mother's point of view as well as the child's point of view. The conducted research shows a relationship between the assessment of parental attitudes of mothers and their assessment of their sons suffering from Leśniowski-Crohn's somatic disease. They point to the differences in the perception of mothers' parental attitudes from these two perspectives. They also show the relationship between the child's age and the mother's attitude. The study included 30 mothers and their 30 teenage sons suffering from Leśniowski-Crohn's disease.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132076628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The meaning of resilience in adulthood","authors":"Agnieszka FRANCZOK-KUCZMOWSKA","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1089","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to present an extensive description of resilience in adulthood in the modern times. Taking into account resilience’s definition problems, the differences and similarities between the concepts of resilience and resiliency were taken into account. The article discusses a broad definition of resilience, referring to many scientific perspectives. The conclusion is drawn that resilience should be conceptualized as a dynamic process. The meta-analysis of the relationships between the factors indicates the presence of many factors directly and indirectly related to the resilience, but only some of them are characterized by strong scientific evidence.The article reviews the literature on the importance of selected factors of resilience, especially in the context of adulthood and contemporary challenges. In the presented considerations, the mental health topic in the period of SARS-CoV-2 virus and the consequences of the global COVID pandemic in the world-wide population context should claim our attention. The wide social-economic crisis experience, as well as the high level of anxiety level that comes along society, prompts us to continue searching for resources that will act as protective factors. The ongoing war In Ukraine is also not without significance, as it leaves its mark on the daily mental functioning of both, refugees, witnesses, and individuals, who provide selfless help.The article aims to discuss the importance of resilience in adulthood in the context of health, pointing to a negative relationship with negative mental health indicators, a positive relationship with positive mental health indicators, and a relationship between resilience and personality traits. In the considerations on resilience importance, the ability of emotional disengagement, patterns of physiological reactions and the comparison of resilience to the somatic immune system were discussed. The aim of this article is also to indicate the cognitive component, namely the cognitive resilience. In this regard, the relationship between immunity and cognitive functions was discussed on the basis of experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133634960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of Fertility Awareness Methods","authors":"Aneta Stachowska, A. M. Kicińska, T. Wierzba","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v3i51.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility Awareness Methods (FAM) are based on the observation of physiologically occurring symptoms, so-called fertility indicators, which include: cervical mucus, basal body temperature (BBT) and changes in cervical morphology/consistency. Observations of clinical symptoms in a female patient, which change depending on periodic hormonal fluctuations, were used to determine the first and second phases of the menstrual cycle and the period around ovulation. For many years, FAMs have been successfully used by women who want to plan their motherhood in accordance with their beliefs and chosen lifestyle, in an ecological manner, without pharmacological intervention or unnecessary medical treatments.FAMs have developed over the centuries and are now a well-documented field of reproductive medicine. Initially, FAMs were used only as a tool for planning or postponing the conception of a child, now they are more and more often perceived as an effective and easy-to-use tool in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the therapy of cycle disorders and infertility. The aim of the study is to present the history of FAM development, to present groundbreaking discoveries and people to whom we owe the current state of knowledge about the symptoms of human fertility. A review of the medical literature was made, also referring to historical works, which included information on breakthrough discoveries in the field of human fertility. The selection of literature was made on the basis of a review of original papers and review publications in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the use of the following keywords: „Fertility Awareness Methods”, „Family Planning” and the „Pearl index”.","PeriodicalId":331430,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio","volume":"319 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115449218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}