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The Deep Reef and Beyond: An Overview of the Development of Tourist Submarine Industry 深礁及其外:海底旅游产业发展综述
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586673
R. Janca
{"title":"The Deep Reef and Beyond: An Overview of the Development of Tourist Submarine Industry","authors":"R. Janca","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586673","url":null,"abstract":"If intelligent life in some far-off galaxy were to look through space at our solar system, and specifically at the third planet from the sun, the single, most discernible feature of Earth would be the shimmering sapphire blue water that covers a full 70.8 % of our planet. And should any aliens from outer space actually succeed in visiting our planet, their initial mission would probably be to conduct a thorough exploration of the oceans and their relationship to the geosphere, a task that mankind only began in the 19th century and now, in the last quarter of the 20th century, is beginning to address with some sort of concerted global effort (Hull 1964, 4). More recently, opportunities to explore the last frontier of Planet Earth have been increased with developments, not in the scientific or commercial offshore industries, but rather in the tourism industry.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124077911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deployment of Long-Term Observation System by Means of Jamstec/deep Tow System 利用Jamstec/深拖系统部署长期观测系统
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586688
K. Mitsuzawa, H. Momma, H. Hotta
{"title":"Deployment of Long-Term Observation System by Means of Jamstec/deep Tow System","authors":"K. Mitsuzawa, H. Momma, H. Hotta","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586688","url":null,"abstract":"There are severa.1 cleel) sea plieiioiiiena wliicli slic.)w si)( )ratlic cliaiiges sucli a . ~ t.ra.iisportatioii of sulmiariiie depcmi ts by tlie bottom curreiit, a.ppeara.iice a.iid clisappearance of biological coiiiiiiiuiities depeiidiiig oii 1iydrotheriiia.l activities, sulmiariiie volcanic activities, eart,hquake, etc. It is difficult t,o clc,a.r t,liis sporadic plieiioiiieiia usiiig maiiiicd subiiiersilJle, ROV a n d cleep tow vehicle. Tlierefore, we developed t,wo ltiiids of loiig-teriii tl,serw.t,ion systeiiis t h t put stress oii visual iiiforiiiatioii about deep sea. floor. Oiie was to observe time cliaiige of ripple iiia.rks to iiivestigat,e tra,iisiporta.tioii of the Imttoiii iiitlterials at a deptli of 1975 iiieters. An(hlier wa.s tlo chserve t,iiiie c h i g e of Iiologica.1 coiiiiiiiuiiit ies depending oii liydrotheriiial mtivities a.t a depth of 1070 meters. These observation systeiiis equipped with a deep sea still caiiiera. a.iitl a. strobe, a, curreiit meter, a. CTD seiisor, ail a.coustic tra,iisponder witli relmser aiid ghss splierical I)uc)ys. Iii t.liis rcport.. n'c present, yo11 l i m ~ to iiiniinge tlie longteriii c-)bservaia.tioii systcwis a.iicl soiiie resultss of tlie ol~servat,ioiis.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124149708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Geosat Altimetric Measurements Of Wind, Waves, And Sea Surface Heights - An Overview 地球卫星测高测量的风，波，和海面高度-概述
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592861
D. Porter
{"title":"Geosat Altimetric Measurements Of Wind, Waves, And Sea Surface Heights - An Overview","authors":"D. Porter","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125460701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Policy-Relevant Information And Attitudes Towards The Protection Of Marine Resources 海洋资源保护的政策相关信息和态度
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586783
D. Soden
{"title":"Policy-Relevant Information And Attitudes Towards The Protection Of Marine Resources","authors":"D. Soden","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586783","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121922474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Long Environmental Records Derived From Tree-ring Sequence In Washington And Northern Oregon 华盛顿和北俄勒冈州树木年轮序列的长期环境记录
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592878
L. Brubaker, L. Graumlich, S. Vega-gonzález
{"title":"Long Environmental Records Derived From Tree-ring Sequence In Washington And Northern Oregon","authors":"L. Brubaker, L. Graumlich, S. Vega-gonzález","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592878","url":null,"abstract":"Tree-growth records provide an important source of proxy climatic data for evaluating the uniqueness of 20th-century climates in the Pacific Northwest. Reconstructions of mean annual temperature from upper treeline sites show a prolonged temperature increase during the 20th-century that exceeded the magnitude and duration of any warm period over the past four centuries. Growth of low to mid-elevation continuous forests of western Washington increase during the 20th-century, suggesting an amelioration of climatic limitations. In contrast, tree growth reached minimum values during the 20th-century at drought-sensitive, forest-grassland borders east of the Cascade Mountains. Precipitation reconstructions based on lower treeline sites show severe droughts during 20th-century, but no longterm change in mean precipitation compared to earlier centuries.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115780288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Easily Deployed, Low Cost And Light-weight Spar Buoy For Making High Frequency Wave Height Measurements 一种易于部署、成本低、重量轻的桅杆浮标，用于进行高频波高测量
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587092
C. Nelson
{"title":"An Easily Deployed, Low Cost And Light-weight Spar Buoy For Making High Frequency Wave Height Measurements","authors":"C. Nelson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587092","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost, lightweight spar buoy has been developed to measure high frequency waves. The buoy weighs 2 2 Kg and is 4.3 m long in its stored configuration. After deployment, the buoy extends to a length of 10 m. Buoyancy is provided by a 29-cm diameter Styrofoam float attached to the buoy 2.4 m below the waterline. Heave stability is provided by a 76-cm diameter damper plate, approximately 9 m below the waterline. A 3 m wire wave gauge is used to measure ocean waves. The wave gauge electronics and FM telemetry system are located at the top of the buoy. The buoy is simple to construct, uses off-the-shelf hardware, and requires very few, easily machined components. The buoy is small enough to be deployed from a 8 m, open work-boat or from a small helicopter. A larger version of the buoy could be built to operate in higher sea states.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131949668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Overview Of The Frontal Eddy Dynamics Study (FRED*) Off North Carolina 北卡罗莱纳锋面涡旋动力学研究概述(FRED*)
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592817
C. Ebbesmeyer, G. Rosenthal, K.A. Kurrus, C.A. Coomes
{"title":"Overview Of The Frontal Eddy Dynamics Study (FRED*) Off North Carolina","authors":"C. Ebbesmeyer, G. Rosenthal, K.A. Kurrus, C.A. Coomes","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592817","url":null,"abstract":"During May to November, 1987, oceanographic measurements were made off North Carolina to examine the effects of Gulf Stream frontal eddies on the circulation over the continental shelf. Satellite images were collected daily and currents were measured at eight moorings containing 21 current meters. During two weeks in May three eddies were intensively examined using satellite imagery, drifting buoys, aircraft and vessel launched temperature probes, and an underway Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. The Gulf Stream appears to behave in two distinct modes: 1 ) small meander mode, the Gulf Stream Front lies at the shelf break and meanders of the Front have smaller amplitudes. Frontal eddies and associated warm water filaments are smaller and farther from shore during this mode; 2 ) large meander mode, the Front is displaced offshore of the shelf break and the meanders have large amplitudes. filaments are larger and closer to shore during this mode. Frontal eddies and warm Eddies regularly pass by locations off the North Carolina coast approximately once every five days. After an eddy passes, parts of the filament may stagnate on the shelf for approximately a week before dissipating and moving offshore into the North Atlantic Ocean. The results suggest that small changes in the Gulf Stream path can lead to large changes in the propagation of frontal eddies passing Cape Hatteras.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130445306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Guidance and Control of Unmanned, Untethered Submersible for Rendezvous and Docking with Underwater Station 无人无系潜器与水下空间站交会对接的制导与控制
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586685
N. Kato, M. Endo
{"title":"Guidance and Control of Unmanned, Untethered Submersible for Rendezvous and Docking with Underwater Station","authors":"N. Kato, M. Endo","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586685","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new concept of underwater unmanned survey system consisting of a mother ship, a launcher, an underwater station(UUS) and a group of unmanned, untethered submersibles (UROVs) t o perform autonomously distributed missions in massive, f a s t and precise manners. Especially, UUS has the autonomous missions of docking with UROVs, charging of those battcries, exchange of informations and watch of UROVs. A new type of UROV recently proposed by one of the authors is employed in this concept t o perform a s table oceanographic underwater investigation on a prearranged course. Control configured vehicle (CCV) techonology is adopted t o perform the swimming at t i tude control. Fuzzy algorithm is applied t o guidance of UROV on a prrearranged course t o reason the collision risk against sea bed and forward obstacles, and t o determine control magnitudes o f CCV modes. A s one of feasibility studies of the proposed underwater unmanned survey system, the guidance of UROV fo r rendezvous and docking with UUS, consisting of rough one t o the neighborhood of UUS, and precise one t o the entrance of UUS is numerically simulated taking the effect of t idal current into account.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134123406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
An Overview Of Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment Methodologies 水生生态风险评估方法综述
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586839
R. Cardwell
{"title":"An Overview Of Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment Methodologies","authors":"R. Cardwell","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586839","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of methodologies are described that assess the risk of chemical exposure to aquatic life due to acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation, or effects on communities. Risk assessment is basically comprised of hazard and exposure assessments, and this paper emphasizes methodology for the former. Although toxicity tests (both single species and microcosms) can be used to assess risks, most assessments rely on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and similar techniques to fill data gaps in complex assessments. Equations are available for extrapolating toxicity from one taxonomic group to another, for predicting chronic toxicity from acute toxicity, for predicting biological activity (both toxicity and bioaccumulation) based on chemical structure or properties, and for predicting toxicity from multi-chemical exposure or time-varying chemical concentrations.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134047256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Acoustic Scattering In A Range Independent Shallow Water Wave Guide With A Penetrable Bottom 具有可穿透底部的距离无关浅水波导中的声散射
Proceedings OCEANS Pub Date : 1989-09-18 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587500
G. S. Sammelmann, R. Hackman
{"title":"Acoustic Scattering In A Range Independent Shallow Water Wave Guide With A Penetrable Bottom","authors":"G. S. Sammelmann, R. Hackman","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587500","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the scattering from a slender axisymmetric elastic object in a shallow water waveguide. The focus of this article will be upon the effects a viscoelastic bottom has on the propagation and scattering.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131647666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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