Proceedings OCEANS最新文献

{"title":"Optimum Thrust Generation For Minimum Drag Bodies","authors":"T. Haselton, J. Goode","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587280","url":null,"abstract":"Human powered submersibles require that the designer employ all those techniques which optimize speed and control within the constraints o f the rules. Propulsion efficiency coupled with low drag are prerequisites. The field of options quickly narrows to include only thrust devices offering the highest efficiencies at very low power levels. This implies large diameter propellers with many optimally shaped blades. Additiorially, the ability of the propulsor to generate control forces as well as forward thrust eliminates the need for drag producing control surfaces. Body shape consistent with containing two people and having minimum drag points directly to laminar flow designs.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129619332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Goes Command Receiver For Weather Buoys","authors":"S. M. Rogers","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586709","url":null,"abstract":"The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system is ideal for relaying data from remote buoys. However, transmission timing places severe constraints on the accuracy and reliability of system clocks, particularly those which remain unattended for long periods of time. The GOES satellite has the capability of transmitting commands on its interrogate link. A new generation of GOES Command Receiver (GCR) for the offshore weather buoy network of the Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service has been developed to receive these commands. The commands are structured to allow control over all the transmitting parameters. The cost of this development was substantially reduced by the use of existing receiver components.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128390580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Assessments And Development Of Mitigation Measures At Superfund Sites: Case Studies","authors":"A. Fritz, S. Goodbred, D. Kane, R. Preston, D. Rudis","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586782","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of environmental effects resulting from hazardous waste (Superfund) sites requires both chemical and biological analyses to estimate potential exposure and biological effects. While chemical analysis is an essential first step of hazardous waste site characterization, ecological data also is needed to: 1) assess impacts of the site on living resources; 2) develop cleanup levels and remedies with appropriate mitigative measures to protect and restore natural resources: 3) allow future monitoring of cleanup effectiveness: and 4) meet the information needs of the trustee agencies responsible for addressing natural resource issues. Representatives from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency @PA) and Federal natural resource trustee agencies have formed a Bioassessment Work Group that provides technical recommendations to Superfund project managers on ecological studies that may be needed at Superfund sites. As a result of this interaction, ecological evaluation has been incorporated into several different phases of the remedial process, from remedial investigation to development of remedial alternatives and mitigative measures. Case histories of ecological evaluations involving the use of several bioassessment methodologies recommended by the Region IJI Bioassessment Work Group are discussed in this presentation. The examples, Army Creek Landfill (Delaware), Chisman Creek (Virginia), and Wildcat Landfill (Delaware) demonstrate how bioassessment can be used effectively from the early site characterization in the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) process to the development of cleanup monitoring. The major objectives of these ecological assessments were to delineate wetlands; to determine the extent of contamination and toxicity in surface water and sediments of freshwater and estuarine habitats; to determine potential impacts and bioaccumulation pathways in wildlife communities: and to generate information necessary to determine remedies needed to eliminate or mitigate the impacts at the site. Information from the biological studies of the Army Creek Landfill site is being used to establish cleanup levels for groundwater treatment and mitigative measures for a capping remedy as it affects the Army Creek wetland. The remedial investigation (RI) conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) at the request of EPA assessed the environmental impacts of hazardous substances deposited in borrow pits at the Chisman Creek site. Information from this study was applied to the relocation of a stream, to developing cleanup criteria, and to the use of mitigation strategies to minimize the effects of the remedial activity. The Wildcat Landfill site is a former estuarine wetland partially destroyed by a landfill containing hazardous wastes. Results of the terrestrial and aquatic biological assessment conducted by USFWS for EPAs RWS were used to drive a remedy addressing the specific area, a ponded wetland, where significant en","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128589559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing A National Marine Electronics Agenda Massachusetts Centers Of Excellence Corporation","authors":"A. Gaines","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592857","url":null,"abstract":"High technology products are important to the economic strength of the U.S., as R&D-intensive products continue to show the best performance of any U.S. foreign trade sector. It is a matter of national concern, therefore, that the U.S. share of world high technology manufacturers exports has been declining since 1982. Our three year program, sponsored by NOAA/NOS, has been examining the structure of the U.S. and world marine electronic instrumentation industries as well as existing and potential markets in selected marine and maritime areas, to identify measures to mitigate obstacles and enhance opportunities for these industries.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129041977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Rates Of Predatory Fishes In Vegetated And And Unvegetated Habitats: Field Experiments With Juvenile Red Drum, Scianeops Ocellatus","authors":"D. A. Nadeau","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592894","url":null,"abstract":"Seagrass habitats have long been hypothesized to serve as nursery areas for juvenile fishes by providing food and refuge from predators. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis in the field by comparing growth rates of juvenile red drum in seagrass beds to growth rates over an adjacent sand flat. Large (1.4 m2) enclosures were used to restrict juvenile red drum to a single habitat, and six drum were individually marked and stocked into each enclosure. Results from two studies during August 1988 and October-November 1988 indicated that growth rates in terms of weight, standard length, and total length of red drum were higher in sand enclosures than enclosures in shoalgrass (Halodule wrightii) . A third field experiment was conducted December 1988-February 1989 to compare growth rates of juvenile red drum among sand and vegetated areas by examining increase in otolith radius. Fish were immersed in calcein (200 mg/l) for four hours prior to stocking to produce a time-reference mark uithin their otoliths. No fish died due to marking. Preliminary examinations of calcein-marked otoliths indicate that this method is suitable for comparing growth rates of fishes in various habitats. Use of this technique to compare growth rates of fishes in different invironments will elucidate the relative value of critical nursery habitats and will contribute to understanding habitat selection by fishes.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129068602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Summary Of Status And Trends In Concentrations Of Selected Chemical Contaminants And Measures Of Biological Stress In San Francisco Bay","authors":"D. Macdonald","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586837","url":null,"abstract":"An assessment of the status and trends in concentrations of selected chemical contaminants (Hg. Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ag, PAH, DDT, and PCB) and biological stress measures in San Francisco Bay was performed as part of the National Status and Trends Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The objectives of the assessment were to: identify observable geographic and temporal trends in contaminant concentrations and the prevalence of biological stress measures, based on historic data; relate selected measures of biological stress to contaminant concentrations; and compare recent measurements made by NOAA in San Francisco Bay to the available historic data. The data utilized in the assessment covered a time period of over twenty years (1964-1986), and was derived from numerous sowces including federal, state and local agencies, universities, consulting f i i , and refereed literature. Initially, individual data sets were examined, utilizing statistical analyses when appropriate, to identify trends or to determine relationships between biological stress measures and contaminant concentrations. The data sets were then p l e d and cautiously examined to see if a preponderance of evidence supported the trends and relationships suggested by the individual data sets. Most contaminants indicated a trend of higher concentrations of toxicants in peripheral harbors and waterways than in the basins of the Bay. Although the available data for most measures of contamination or effects did not indicate any long-term trends, they do suggest the possible recent decrease in Cd, DDT and PCB concentrations. Only the sediment bioassay data showed a clear relationship between contaminant concentrations and bioeffects, however, because the sediments often contained high concentrations of many contaminants only rarely could the results be correlated with a specific contaminant. Overall, the recent NOM-generated data were similar to the historical data.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130507237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate Positioning for Moving Ship Tomography","authors":"B. Howe, J. Mercer, R. Spindel, P. Worcester","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126711286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Study Of An Advanced Automatic Station For Marine Data Acquisition In Antarctica","authors":"F. Gasparoni, M. Peronaci","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123156587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview Of The Human-Powered Submersible Races","authors":"S. Merry","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587277","url":null,"abstract":"A unique competition for human-powered submarines took. place in June, 1989. This paper outlines the philosophies of the organizers in staging the event, the rules of the competition and the judging criteria. Some of the design innovations inspired by the contest. are described.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123637610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyamino Acids Derived From The Matrix Protein Of Oyster Shell As Dispersants And Flocculants In Water Treatment","authors":"J. P. Garris","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586857","url":null,"abstract":"At present, non-biodegradable polymers that often are also toxic are used in many aspects of water treatment. Millions of tons of these polymers are discharged into streams, lakes, and the oceans annually. In the present research, more environmentally acceptable biopolymers are being evaluated for use in several aspects of water tre?.!clment, in particular dispersion and flocculation of particulate matter.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114826779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}