Proceedings OCEANS最新文献

{"title":"Computer Simulation Of Towed System Dynamics","authors":"D. Baker, C.K. Holberger, D. Janas","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587105","url":null,"abstract":"A new towed and moored system dynamics computer modeling method has been developed and applied to different towed system problems. This method uses t3 new mathematical formulation for (cable segments and it has been developed using a modern simulation language rather than a general programming language :such as Fortran, thus gaining the benefit oE sophisticated numerical techniques ,and user interface features provided through the language. Applications have involved various environmental and driving point motions, several different tow bodies, detailed winching system submodels, and active control systems. New applications can be developed rapidly due to the use of the simulation language and the fully documented base model program. The modeling approach is explained, the flexibility and features of the model and approach are presented, and dt?monst ration of its use is shown through example results taken from different applications.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126578236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method Of Predicting Rope Life And Residual Strength","authors":"J. Flory, M. Parsey, C. Leech","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130703988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolution And Rise Velocity Of Small Air Bubbles In Water And Salt Water","authors":"R. Detsch, I. Harris","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592885","url":null,"abstract":"Richard Detsch and Isaac Harris Naval Coastal Systems Center Code 2140 Panama City, FL 32407-5000 The terminal rise velocities of 20-1000 micron diameter air bubbles were measured in water, tap water, and sea water. The measured rise velocities in all three liquids, for bubbles having Reynolds number less than one, agrees well with Stoke's theory for solid spheres. Present results for larger bubbles, in sea and tap water, agree well with earlier data for solid spheres. The data for larger bubbles in water is similar to that in sea water for diameters less than 450 microns, but, begins to agree with a theory developed for clean bubbles at larger diameters. Apparently enough impurities were present in the sea and tap water samples to effectively freeze the bubble surfaces, for all the diameters tested. The dissolution rate for 20-500 micron air bubbles in water and sea water, at 50 and 100% air saturation, is also presented. The data indicate a that the dissolution rate is independent of diameter for bubbles larger than about 70 microns ; but, becames strongly dependent on diameter for smaller bubbles. The rise velocity data was used in conjunction with Levich's Dirty Bubble Formula to predict the dissolution rate of the bubbles. The theory agrees well with the present data forbubbles in saturatedliquids, orwithdiameters larger than 70 microns. Agreement is fair for smaller bubbles in 50% saturated water or and sea water.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131151460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumorigenic, Growth, Reproductive, And Developmental Effects In Medaka Exposed To BIS(Tri-N-Butyltin) Oxide","authors":"W. W. Walker, C. Heard, K. Lotz, T. Lytle, W. Hawkins, C. S. Barnes, D. Barnes, R. Overstreet","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586793","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to varying concentrations of bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in two different but related studies in an attempt to elicit tumorigenic, growth, reproductive, and developmental responses. 7-day post-hatch medaka were exposed under flowthrough conditions for 90 days to 0.5 and 3.3 pg/L TBTO continuously, to 4.5 pg/L TBTO intermittently, and to two TBTO-free diluent water controls. Neither a tumorigenic nor a delayed pathological response was detected. Standard lengths and fecundity of exposed medaka relative to unexposed fish were significantly reduced in the 0.5 and 4.5 pg/L TBTO treatments. Embryo viability was significantly reduced in the 4.5 pg/L concentration, and percent hatch was significantly reduced in both continuous TBTO treatments. Fry survival was not affected, and no abnormal embryos or fry were detected. In the initial study, In a follow-up study, 7to 9-month-old medaka were continuously exposed under nearly identical conditions to those of the initial study to 0.09, 0.40, 0.70, and 3.6 pg/L TBTO. Tumorigenicity was not an end point in this study. Fecundity in the follow-up study was significantly increased over that in unexposed fish, possibly as a stress response, whereas viable embryos were significantly reduced in the highest TBTO concentration and the number of abnormal embryos was significantly increased in the 0.40, 0.70, and 3.6 pg/L TBTO treatments relative to unexposed fish. abnormalities encountered are discussed. Time to hatch and fry survival were not significantly affected. Types of embryonic and fry","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133007800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procedures For Assessing Potential Natural Resource Damages At Superfund Sites","authors":"K. Finkelstein, A. Fritz","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586779","url":null,"abstract":"Before Type A or Type B regulations can be implemented to assess damages at a Superfund site, a thorough site investigation must determine the potential for injury to, destruction of, or loss of marine natural resources. This examination is based on data collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency @PA) during the Remedial Investigation (RI) process. If no past or potential future damages are evident, a release for natural resource damages to the responsible parties may be in order; if damages are probable, a regulated damage assessment may be appropriate. The procedures to determine whether such an assessment is warranted require a review of the RI and other historical and scientific data concerning impacts to natural resources. The decision to conduct an assessment usually is not clear-cut and involves weighing site-specific factors (e.g., site history, settlement opportunities) and often using partially adequate data. This paper discusses the procedures involved in making these decisions and uses Superfund sites in Massachusetts (Re-Solve) and in Delaware (Wildcat Landfill) as examples. NOAA worked with EPA throughout the RI of the Re-Solve site to determine both human health risks and injury to natural resources. It was clear from the study and the subsequent remedial plan that contamination from the site would not impact the habitats used by anadromous fish species. It is probable that a significant number of catadromous American eels bioaccumulated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their tissue in excess of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard of 2 parts per million (ppm). To determine that natural resources were being damaged, bioaccumulation needed to be translated to injury. A comprehensive biological assessment conducted for the Wildcat site showed no current impacts to the NOAA habitats or resource. Site remediation included some wetland habitat destruction; EPA, Federal, and State trustees developed a restoration and wetland replacement remedy that obviated the need for damage assessment. It is apparent from these sites, and others like them, that site data limitations or other extenuating circumstances will result in decisions conceming potential natural resource damages and settlements based on both site-specific factors and professional judgment.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132269863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dioxide Removal with Mixture of Lithium Hydroxide and Sodasorb in Underwater Life Support Systems","authors":"Tsen C. Wang, C. R. Hendry","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586674","url":null,"abstract":"The p u r p o s e o f t h i s s t u d y i s t o use t h e m i x t u r e o f l i t h i u m hydrox ide and sodasorb t o remove CO, a t c o l d t e m p e r a t u r e i n u n d e r w a t e r 1 i f e s u p p o r t systems. S p e c i f i c goa ls a r e to : 1) c o n t r o l d u s t i n g tendency and c a u s t i c i t y o f L iOH f o r s a f e d i v i n g and s u b m e r s i b l e ope ra t i ons and 2) d e f i n e a d i s t i n c t s e n s i n g p a r a m e t e r i n t h e c a n i s t e r bed t o m o n i t o r c a n i s t e r performance & s i t u . R e s u l t s show t h a t a 50% m i x t u r e by weight i s e f f e c t i v e t o c o n t r o l c a u s t i c d u s t s f r o m a b s o r b e n t s and y e t i s a l s o e f f e c t i v e f o r c o l d t e m p e r a t u r e CO, absorpt ion. When t h e mixed bed i s no l onger e f f e c t i v e t o remove CO, f r o m t h e gas stream, temperature p r o f i l e s i n t h e mixed absorbent bed near 1 cen t ime te r o f t h e e x i t end o f t h e c a n i s t e r n o r m a l l y p rov ide a d i s t i n c t s lope change (AS) and a c r i t i c a l temperature d i f f e r e n c e (AT) between bed and i n l e t gas t e m p e r a t u r e . B o t h parameters observed f rom t h i s s tudy can be used t o m o n i t o r scrubber p e r f o r mance i n s i t u . An a x i a l f l o w c a n i s t e r ( 4 x 17 cm, l e n g t h x d iameter) packed w i t h 263 grams o f sodasorb a t t h e end o f t h e c a n i s t e r and 493 grams o f each sodasorb and l i t h i u m hydrox ide m i x t u r e would reduce f o u r t i m e s o f t h e d u s t i n g t e n d e n c y and c a u s t i c i t y f r o m p u r e l i t h i u m hydroxide. The d i s t i n c t s lope (AS) and c r i t i c a l t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e (AT) were 8\"C/hr and 16OC, r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t when a s e n s o r d e t e c t s t h e AS value o f t h e temperature p r o f i l e i n t h e c a n i s t e r bed g r e a t e r than 8\"C/hr and t h e AT l e s s t h a n 16OC, t h e CO, concen t ra t i on i n t h e t e s t e d chamber (203 !I) norma l l y reaches 2% i n t he a i r . t h e a b s o r b e n t bed i s no l o n g e r e f f e c t i v e t o remove CO,. Both AS and AT a r e v a r i e d w i t h c a n i s t e r con f igu ra t i ons . A p r e s c r i b e d c a n i s t e r i s n o r m a l l y needed t o be t e s t e d a t va r ious opera t i ng c o n d i t i o n s t o d e f i n e b o t h A S and AT v a l u e s f o r t h e sensing requirements.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133241821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of FRP Ship-Shaped Buoy","authors":"M. Koga, I. Nakano, G. Kai","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587086","url":null,"abstract":"An FRP ship-shaped buoy has been developed t o use as a longte rm automat ic observation s tat ion for mar i t ime weather and hydrographic condi t ion a t fixed points in the ocean. T h e buoy was designed w i t h reference t o the V . E . N O M A D buoy devseloped i n the Uni ted States. However, t he material o f t he hul l was <:hanged f r o m a luminum t o FRP considering FRP's excellent corrosion resistance and formabi l i ty o f curved surfaces. Furthermore, solar cells were adopted as a power source for t h e buoy system together w i t h batteries. Af ter t he complet ion o f t he buoy system, a f ield exper iment was conducted i n the winter season for about three mon ths and the valuable data o f waves, buoy's motions, solar cells, etc. could be obtained. Th is paper gives a summary o f t he results o f t he analyses on waves, buoy's motions, solar cells, etc.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131688702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sounding Data Thinning Tehniques: A Knowledge-based Approach To Modeling","authors":"T. Loomis, D.J. Kall","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587149","url":null,"abstract":"The density of sounding data being collected Over coastal waterways has increased dramatically in recent years. The cost to manually model the acean Boor has also increased accordingly in both time and resources. This paper presents the results of a prototyping effort designed to automate the basic sounding selection portion of the modeling process. The sounding selection technique utilizes intelligent data structures and rule-based selection criteria and is based on a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) to represent the ocean floor. The rules define significant soundings (e.g. shoals) and the degree of vertical dehnition to be retained in the resultant digital terrain model of the ocean floor. Rules are also provided to till in areas of the model not previously populated. The results of applying the modeling algorithm to data from a coastal area and a comparison of the model to the published chart for the area is described.","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133718841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mortality of Amphipods in Toxicity Tests Conducted Under Different Flow Regimes","authors":"J. Ward, J. Word, B. Walls","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.586855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124242230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role Of Heterotrophic Bacteria In Regulating Ammonium Utilization, New Production And C0/sub 2/ Cycling","authors":"R. Keil, D. Kirchman","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1989.592886","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonium cycling partly determines nitrate utilization by phytoplankton, new production, and indirectly the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the oceans. trophic bacteria play i.n ammonium cycling is unclear. Investigations in the subarctic Pacific and the midcontinental Atlantic shelf indicate the heterotrophic bacteria consume or regenerate ammonium in response to the supply of dissolved free amino acids. Results of whole water incubations with 15NH4+ indicate that bacteria can consume approximately 30% of the ammonium taken up in subarctic Pacific waters. show that amino acid additions (0.3-1.0 p M ) inhibit uptake of ammonium by bacteria. In 0.8 pm size fractions dominated by heterotrophic bacteria, bacteria regenerated ammonium only when amino acid supply met or exceeded bacterial nitrogen demand. In coastal mid-Atlantic waters, amino acid additions (1.0 p M ) have been shown to inhibit uptake of 15N-Nitrate by phytoplankton. This inhibition is hypothesized to be the result of increased availability of ammonium due to either decreased bacterial utilization or increased bacterial utilization of amino acids and ammonium in part regulates nitrate utilization, and thus indirectly ei'fects new productions, flux of organic matter to the deep ocean, and CO2 cycling. The role hetero-","PeriodicalId":331017,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings OCEANS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124359762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}