Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos最新文献

{"title":"Pedagogical Views and Educational Activities of Ismail Gasprinsky","authors":"Мухиддин Хайруддинов","doi":"10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the pedagogical and educational activities of the outstanding son of the Crimean Tatar people Ismail Gasprinsky (1851–1914). Accumulating the achievements of the advanced pedagogical practice of Europe, I. Gasprinsky acted as a spokesman for the need for socio-economic changes in the countries of the East. I. Gasprinsky spoke up for the synthesis of Muslim doctrine and the achievements of modern science, he created and led the Jadid pedagogical movement aimed at the transition from confessional and Russian civic education to the creation of a national secular education.
 All his life I. Gasprinsky was defending the interests of the Crimean Tatars, Mus- lims and societies living in conditions of colonial slavery. Gasprinsky was one of the most outstanding thinkers of the Turkic world. UNESCO declared 2014 the year of Ismail Gasprinsky for his contribution to education and philosophy.
 The study showed that the modern interest in I. Gasprinsky is caused by the increasingly unfolding globalization and the formation of an ecological-humanistic civilization, as a new form of preserving cultural diversity in its entirety.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the United States of America","authors":"Siarhiej Miskiewicz","doi":"10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, Tatars of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania started migrating to new lands and countries including England, Argentina and America. They were looking for work and the USA became their preferred country. Many Tatars returned back to homeland, but most of them stayed in America and succeeded.
 Tatars from Ivje, Navahradak, Mir, Kleck, Tavsiuny, Milkuny, Śviańciany, Dokšycy, Uzda, Śmiłavičy, Minsk, Vilnia and other settlements of Russian Empire before the World War I founded their registered society in New York in 1907. It was the first Muslim organization in the USA. They also founded the Muslim mizars in the Maple Grove and Cedar Grove cemeteries in New York. They started teaching children and bought a building for mosque in 1930. Tatars provided the annual dances and picnics, organized the funding (dues, fees, fines, loans, donations) for payment of expenses, helped the Society members (death and illness benefits) and Muslims in other countries including the former homeland (Ivje in 1922, Niekrašuncy, Warszawa in 1945 and etc.). They published a newspaper, the prayer books. They took part in the main historical events in the USA: the World War I, the World War II, Korean and Vietnam wars, post-war occupation of Germany, etc. Unfortunately, the Society had been developed until 1960s (member quantity was more than 300) and now it is in decline due to assimilation and migration.
 This article is devoted to the Tatar society of the USA. It is based on the results of study of family collections, oral stories, archival documents (Ellis Island cases, certificates of birth, death, marriage, draft) and pictures. The organization structure, the names of the famous Tatars and the Society board members (presidents, vice-presidents, secretaries, treasurers, imams, teachers, bank account holders, funeral committee members, etc.), the information about two cemeteries are re- vealed and provided.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Alfurkan tatarski» (Wilno, 1616/1617) Петра Чижевского: авторство текста","authors":"Sergejus Temčinas","doi":"10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the textual characteristics of the Polish anti-Ta- tar pamphlet “Alfurkan tatarski” written by Piotr Czyżewski (Wilno, 1616/1617) and reveals its text being a compilation. There are at least four different indica- tions for this. They were a result of borrowing certain textual fragments from Matiasz Czyżewski’s earlier edition “Alkoran” (1616), which is considered lost. However, its long title describing the contents survives and can be safely com- pared to the extant text of Piotr Czyżewski’s “Alfurkan tatarski”. This comparison reveals thematic similarities between the two editions accompanied by identical wording which must be viewed as result of textual borrowing from the earlier edition into the later one. This collaborates well with A. Brückner’s comparison of the two editions (both were available to him in the early 20th century) which were reported to contain partially the same textual material.
 Traditionally the names of both authors are treated as pseudonyms of an un- known person who was recently identified with Józef Karcan (the printer of Piotr Czyżewski’s first edition of “Alfurkan tatarski”) or, alternatively, with Tomasz Pawłowski (the abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Old Trakai in ca 1597 – ca 1617). Nevertheless, the very nature of the revealed textual bor- rowings, accompanied by a significant rearrangement of the general struc
 ture, suggests that both editions have different authors. Since Matiasz and Piotr Czyżewski in their publications call themselves brothers and mention each other’s editions, they, contrary to the established tradition, must be con- sidered the actual authors of the respective printed books, and not fictitious pseudonyms.
","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Ancient Traditions to Modern Design: Interpretation of Some Ornaments on Leathercraft Items","authors":"Albina Khayrullina-Valieva","doi":"10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"Information about the art and design of Tatar footwear, revealed in different historical records, travel diaries, and descriptions of museum collec- tions, is of great importance. It allows us to assume a strong traditionalism of leather mosaic in the Tatar folk decorative and applied arts. This assumption is also supported by the stylistic uniformity of a large number of decorative mo- tifs, the similarity of principles in composition and colour solutions identified with the comparative analysis of leather mosaic and other traditional types of national applied art. The development of style and technical methods of leath- er mosaic can be assessed by retrospective comparison with later monuments. Wise selection of innovations has always been a wizard of classical folk art. Folk craftsmen had an amazing intuition and only features suitable for adaptation and standardisation were included in the traditional art set. Due to the histor- ical succession, the art of leather mosaic stepped over the centuries, perfecting and improving its distinctive features.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fur Processing in Raižiai in the 20th Century: Craft and Image","authors":"Jonas Mardosa","doi":"10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/totoriai-lietuvos-istorijoje.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"In Lithuania, fur processing craft used to change depending on the social, cultural and even political context of the development of the state and the nation. In the Tatar community of Raižiai several craftsmen were engaged in fur processing. The artisans were in direct contact with the fur craftsmen working in Butrimonys and the surrounding villages. In this way, the fur processing craft habitat was formed, the centre of which was Raižiai. The article examines the fur processing craft in Raižiai and its surroundings on the basis of archival data and ethnological literature. The forms of fur processing craft transfer between gene­ rations and their change over time are examined. The aim of the article is to reveal the essence of the Tatar ­famous business in Raižiai in the context of the history of Lithuanian crafts and to highlight the specific features of the life of the local Tatar community.
 The main period of existence of the fur processing craft in Raižiai was before the Soviet era. The analysis of ethnographic field research data showed that the long­standing vertical folk direction for the transmission of the secrets of the craft ensured the viability of the fur processing tradition in the Tatar families. Therefore, the article considers the emergence and existence of the image of the Tatars as fur processing craftsmen as a phenomenon of a unique business. Fur processing was part of the Tatar business, but the craft nurtured throughout its long history, has naturally shaped the image of the Tatars as exceptional masters in the field. The need for furs for peasant clothing due to climatic conditions of Lithuania helped to achieve such mastery, therefore, people were looking for well­performing craftsmen. The professionalism of the craftsmen, the use of tra­ ditional methods of fur processing, supported the profound appreciation of the level of mastery of the Tatars in the society. Even the changes in the handicraft of pre­Soviet Lithuania and the desire of the state to expand the layer of crafts­ men which increased the internal competition of craftsmen, did not reduce the authority of the Tatar fur processing craftsmen. Therefore, in the perspective of the technological changes in the fur processing of the 20th century, the Tatars of Raižiai were cautious about innovation. Such attitude was appreciated by the customers and the quality of the work ensured the demand for the craft. After World War II, the situation had changed. First of all, private business was forbid­ den, therefore, fur craftsmen had to work illegally; they received bans from the authorities, and even fines were imposed. The surviving fur processing craftsmen in the Soviet era, like the majority of the rural population, were used for unskilled labour in the collective farms and on a Soviet farm. The analysis of the collect­ ed material indicates that the Soviet era which began to destroy the craft due to ideological circumstances, and the change in the direction of","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pinch of Thoughts on the Life and Work of Zenonas Ivinskis","authors":"Ignas Stanevičius","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.7","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42385888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„The Americans Will Come and Liberate Us“: A New Perspective on Lithuanian Post-War Society","authors":"Rūta Matimaitytė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.10","url":null,"abstract":"Rec.: Regina Laukaitytė, Pokaris Lietuvoje. Belaukiant išlaisvinimo, Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos institutas, 2022.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48948788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Into the Daylight","authors":"Ignė Rasickaitė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.11","url":null,"abstract":"Apie Lauryno Peluričio disertaciją „Ola ir dvi saulės. Filosofija sovietų Lietuvoje (1944–1986). Institucijos, asmenybės, idėjos“ ir jos gynimą / On Laurynas Peluritis’ Thesis „The Cave and Two Suns. Philosophy in Soviet Lithuania (1944–1986). Institutions, Personalities, Ideas“","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49145197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Suppressor of Tension or Judge or Official: The Peace Arbitrator in a Post-Serfdom Village","authors":"Tamara Bairašauskaitė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines how the modern position of the peace arbitrator, the idea of which was borrowed from the ‘court of arbitration’ functioning in the Western world, emerged and was used in the governance structure of the Russian Empire. It reveals the role of the peace arbitrator in the administration and transformation of the post-serfdom village in the governorates of Vilnius, Kaunas, and Hrodna. The following stages in the activities of peace arbitrators are distinguished: (1) 1861–1862, when local landowners chosen as peace arbitrators managed the post-serfdom village, and (2) the time after the 1863–1864 uprising, when attempts were made to turn the Russian peace arbitrators, who had replaced the landowners in this role, into a tool of the Russification of the village. The analysis reveals the independence of the activities of peace arbitrators, which used to cause conflicts with the governorate authorities, police, and military structures.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45587756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Ruszczyc to the Iron Curtain: Studies in the History of the Faculty of Fine Arts of Stefan Batory University in Vilnius (1919–1939)","authors":"Rafał Michliński","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.8","url":null,"abstract":"Rec.: Małgorzata Geron (ed.), Wydział Sztuk Pięknych na Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego w Wilnie (1919–1939/45): Dydaktyka, twórczość i tradycja artystyczna, Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2022.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}