16-18世纪立陶宛大公国的邮政路线结构*

IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY
Tomas Čelkis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文分析了16-18世纪立陶宛大公国邮政路线系统的动态。1562年,第一条连接维尔纽斯和克拉科夫的邮政线路——每周提供邮政服务。1669年,邮政车厢开始从莫斯科开往维尔纽斯,然后通过蒂尔西特开往柯尼斯堡。GDL邮政线路网络在18世纪进行了最大规模的扩张。一条重要的邮政线路沿着华沙-格罗德诺-考纳斯-耶尔加瓦-里加的路线行进。其中一部分与华沙-维尔纽斯航线重合;在Ratnyčia,邮车将转向东北,继续途经Merkinï和Varïna前往维尔纽斯。从维尔纽斯出发,一条邮路经考纳斯通往柯尼斯堡,另一条通往莫斯科;还有关于通往波洛茨克的邮政线路的数据。GDL邮政路线的另一个十字路口是格罗德诺。从华沙到考纳斯、维尔纽斯和里加的路线在那里交汇。通往卢布林和斯洛尼姆的单独线路正在运行;通往俄罗斯帝国边界的一条邮路。GDL的邮政路线网络也包括其他道路。由于政治局势、自然灾害和季节性的实用性,其中一些的位置可能会发生变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Structure of Postal Routes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th Centuries∗
This paper analyzes the dynamics of the postal route system of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th centuries. The first postal route connected Vilnius and Krakow in 1562 – weekly postal services were rendered. In 1669, postal carriages started running from Moscow to Vilnius and then further on through Tilsit to Königsberg. The GDL postal route network underwent its largest expansion in the 18th century. An important postal line proceeded along the route of Warsaw – Grodno – Kaunas – Jelgava – Riga. Part of it coincided with the Warsaw – Vilnius route; at Ratnyčia, the postal carriage would turn northeast and continue via Merkinė and Varėna to Vilnius. From Vilnius, one postal route led to Königsberg via Kaunas, and another to Moscow; there are also data about a postal line to Polotsk. Another crossroads of the GDL’s postal routes was Grodno. The routes leading from Warsaw to Kaunas, Vilnius, and Riga intersected there. Separate lines to Lublin and Slonim were in operation; one of the postal routes led to the border of the Russian Empire. The network of the GDL’s postal routes also consisted of other roads. The location of some of them were subject to change due to the political situation, natural disasters, and seasonal practicability.
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