Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos最新文献

{"title":"How to Reflect on 20th Century Man Facing Dramatic Situations and Hard Choices?","authors":"Aurimas Švedas","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to answer the question what ideas formed in the field of history theory can help develop a new interpretation of 20th century history, people facing difficult situations, the decisions they made, and, finally, traumatic individual and collective memory. The turbulent 20th century history and the memories about it is controversial; therefore, when contemporary Lithuanian society endeavors to discuss certain events, phenomena, and personalities and tries to come to a consensus on their immortalization – disagreements inevitably arise. In the process of research, it transpired that in contemporary historiography concerning the purpose and meaning of a historian’s work, as well as the responsibility to society of researchers of the past, several points are emphasized: (1) in the 21st century, historians have to find a new way of dealing with the complex issues of history; (2) scholars must recognize a responsibility for people who lived in the past and live the present, as well as to strive to show in the present perspective the fates of those who lived in the past; (3) the study of the past should contribute to the development of “intercultural competencies” which contemporary man lacks and which help him to understand The Other (past and present man); (4) to achieve these goals, historians need to transform their discipline into a “profession of understanding” that promotes inquisitiveness and openness to the world; (5) researchers of the past, when confronted with attempts to turn them into politicians or judges, have to leave the past open to new questions and interpretations; (6) those who study the past must engage in theoretical (self-)reflection that is necessary to perform the function of a critic that is so vital to society; and (7) historians need to think about the importance of the present dimension confronting complex historical issues. Historians work with collective memory to address the issues of self-awareness in time which face society. Researchers into the past also seek to initiate a dialogue between the people of the past and present. The conduct of the dialogue and its quality depend to a large extent on the level of the empathy that has been developed. Introducing empathy as a method for exploring knowledge about history and the present, this article draws on the ideas of George R. Collingwood, a British historian, archaeologist, and philosopher.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42398689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning of “Speculation“ and “Speculator“ in Lithuanian SSR (1940–1941)","authors":"Darius Indrišionis","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.5","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on anti-speculation propaganda of Soviet regime in the years of First Soviet Occupation of Lithuania (1940–1941). Image of various speculation aproaches is analised as well as public communication of Soviet regime while installing radical social and economical reforms (widespread nacionalization of different types of property, mostly). Also, this research shows that the “campaign against speculation” inspired by Soviet regime had some antisemitic content: when in the first months of occupation almost every day there were lists of speculators published in newspapers, these lists were dominated by Jewish names and surnames. That tendency could not lead to a rising of an antisemitic views in Lithuanian society. By the way, this research describes how Soviet regime widened a term “speculator”: while in the beginning of occupation it mostly could mean only a person who is mixed up in illegal trading activities, in the beginning of the summer of 1941 this term demonstrated a negative view of Soviet regime to any entrepreneurship initiative that is coming not from the officials of the regime.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42694912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joachim Lelewel’s Collections Journey from Kórnik to Vilnius","authors":"Inga Leonavičiūtė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.3","url":null,"abstract":"Vilnius University Library possesses in its collections the personal library of distinguished historian, Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), an alumnus and a professor of the Imperial University of Vilna. It consists of books, atlases, maps and other stocks gathered by Lelewel during his exile in Paris and Brussels. In his will, Lelewel bequeathed his library to Vilnius University, should that remembrance institution be restored. The library was temporarily stored at several locations, such as the Polish School at Batignolles (Paris), and Kórnik Library after 1874. In the fall of 1919 Vilnius University was reestablished by the Polish government under the name Stefan Batory University. The institution inherited former university’s meager library which had experienced heavy losses and deprivation during the decades of the Russian rule. Bringing to Vilnius extensive assets of printed and archival records gathered by the Polish emigrants in Western Europe through the 19th century was a great opportunity for the university library as it might significantly enrich its modest possessions. Lelewel’s personal library as well as Library and Archives of the Polish Museum at Rapperswil (Switzerland) were considered as first to be transferred. This article uses archival data to reconstruct almost a four-year long (February 1922 – end of 1925) journey of the Lelewel’s library from Kórnik to Vilnius.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49301940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Status of the Navigable Rivers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th Centuries","authors":"Rimantas Bedulskis","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the legal status of the navigable rivers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (further – GDL) in the 16th–18th centuries, based on Lithuanian Statutes, Sejm resolutions (constitutions), city privileges, other legal sources, and historiographical data. The problem of the content and usage of the term \"navigable river\" found in multilingual sources is examined. The study showed that this term contained two meanings: it indicated the physical characteristics of rivers and defined their legal status as a free path. In these rivers, it was forbidden to build any obstacles that make navigation difficult (fish traps, mill dams, or other barriers) and to collect new \"unusual\" customs duties. In the GDL’s law, the problem of shipping obstacles has been tried to solve in two ways: a) by specifying the obstacles to be removed physically and/or providing fines; b) by the mandatory installation of gates in fish traps and dams.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46291782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is a Compromise Between the Minority and the Majority Possible?","authors":"Paulius Birgiel","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.9","url":null,"abstract":"Rec.: Kari Alenius, Saulius Kaubrys, Balancing Between National Unity and Multiculturism: National Minorities in Lithuania and Finland 1918–1939, Paderborn: Brill Schoning, 2022.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47579205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monument to the First Versions of E-paveldas","authors":"Teodoras Žukas","doi":"10.15388/lis.2023.51.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2023.51.12","url":null,"abstract":"Apie Tito Krutulio disertaciją „Istoriniai pasakojimai Lietuvos periodinėje spaudoje lietuvių kalba 1904–1944 m.“ ir jos gynimą / On Titas Krutulys’ Thesis „Historical Narratives in the Lithuanian Periodical Press in Lithuanian Language from 1904 to 1944“","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43666276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PhD Students’ Summer School „Postwar Mass Construction as an Object of Heritage“ in Vilnius University, Faculty of History","authors":"Ineta Šuopytė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.10","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44604911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fate of Psychology in Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions during World War II","authors":"Ignė Rasickaitė","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the fate of psychology as an academic field of study in Lithuanian universities during World War II. During the period of independent Lithuania, thanks to the first psychologists, psychology existed as a science and found its place in the main and only higher education institution of the time, the Lithuanian University (later – Vytautas Magnus University). After the regaining of Vilnius, some of the psychologists stayed at Vytautas Magnus University and some were transfered from Kaunas to the regained Vilnius University. During World War II, Vytautas Magnus University lost all of its psychologists, and Vilnius University also lost several psychologists. However, even under the conditions of occupation and adverse war conditions, psychology survived at the university. Although psychology established itself as a separate scientific discipline in independent Lithuania, it hadn‘t become one either during the Nazi occupation or the first or second Soviet occupations, instead existing alongside the science of pedagogy in Lithuanian higher education institutions, even with a small group of researchers.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45473360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prosopographical Method and Data of Central, Administrative, and Judicial Officers of the GDL in the Lithuanian Metric, 1528–1564","authors":"Tomas Vaitkus","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the digital age, databases are becoming a much more valuable recource for historians. From the abstract perspective, as an archive of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Lithuanian Metrica has signs indicating that it is a massive database. Appropriate methods are needed to command such a large amount of information. A prosopography questionnaire lets us pick up data points from the Lithuanian Metrica, which is very useful for researching groups of persons from the governing body of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. For example, with the help of a prosopographical questionnaire, we can extract specific data – personal, biographical, political career, social, economical – regarding officers who served under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the sixteenth century. LM’s judicial documents, privileges, and testaments are a great source of data for onomastics and reconstructions of marital statuses and social networks. Testaments also accurately indicate dates of death as well as the economical capital of the deceased. Military lists also give us a massive amount of information regarding the economical and political influence of a person. Unfortunately, the amount of type of sources are inconsistent, and a lot of persons from the researched group have “blind spots” on their prosopographical questionnaires. This reason can be partially resolved, as different types of sources in the LM can provide similar data, and thus make the prosopographical method a very useful tool for working with the LM.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43339315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fields, Noblemen’s Fields, and Noblemen’s Villages of Karšuva in the 14th–18th Centuries: Sources, Statistics, Continuity, and Localization","authors":"Eugenijus Saviščevas","doi":"10.15388/lis.2022.50.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/lis.2022.50.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the connection of pre-Christian fields with the 16th c. noblemen’s fields and the 17th–18th c. noblemen’s villages (okolica) on the basis of systematic source complexes. The sample of Karšuva district (powiat) in Samogitia was chosen for the study. After grouping the processed source material, the continuity of the names of the fields and noble villages is proven, thereby assuming the continuity of the field structure in the noble villages. After applying the mapping methodology, the geography of the noble villages and peasant villages of Karšuva is restored.","PeriodicalId":33054,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}