苏联占领期间和独立后博物馆中的立陶宛游击战

IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY
Aistė Petrauskienė
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1944年至1953年的立陶宛党派战争留下了许多悬而未决的问题,在立陶宛恢复独立后,这些问题开始在立陶宛得到更客观的审视。然而,在苏联时期,这个话题也受到了很多关注,尽管是来自苏联的宣传方面。立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国和独立的立陶宛的博物馆对党派战争的主题定义相当狭隘,但其背景远远超出了博物馆展览和展览的问题。丰富的档案文件提供了一幅相当有趣的画面,使我们不仅能够分析苏联体系、复兴时期和独立的立陶宛博物馆中这个主题本身的变化,而且能够将其展示为一场记忆的斗争。党派战争结束后,这个话题并没有从公众生活中消失。特别注意对信息的重新解释。从军事宣传向意识形态宣传的转变最初反映在实际决策中。当政治生活正在经历所谓的“赫鲁晓夫解冻”时,宣传特别关注对党派战争遗留问题的解释。1957年至1960年是制定进一步宣传方针的转折点。在此期间,立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国革命博物馆与克格勃机构合作,开始系统地组织“资产阶级民族主义者罪行”的展览,并在收集的物品的基础上举办展览。在苏联时代,“阶级斗争”的强制性宣传思想的引入导致了过渡时期复杂的、主要基于情感的过程。从Sãjúdis一开始,在党派战争的背景下。要反驳苏联时期建立的“阶级斗争”评估,首先,从一开始就放弃了基于历史研究的游击战争叙事的构建。殉道叙事的选择,主要基于对过去发生的过程的同情,最终塑造了独立立陶宛博物馆展览中关于受害者的叙事。随着一代创作者的改变,年轻的文化工作者接管了博物馆的活动,随着各个领域的专家参与到展览的创作中,不仅呈现党派战争的形式开始改变,内容也开始改变。它的核心不是死亡,而是战斗和捍卫国家独立的决心。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Lithuanian Partisan Warfare in Museums during the Soviet Occupation and after the Restoration of Independence
The Lithuanian partisan war of 1944–1953 left many unanswered questions, which began to be examined more objectively in Lithuania after the restoration of independence. However, during the Soviet period, this topic also received a lot of attention, albeit from the Soviet propaganda side. The subject of the partisan war is defined rather narrowly in the museums of the Lithuanian SSR and independent Lithuania, but the context goes well beyond the issue of museum exhibitions and displays. Abundant archival documents provide a rather interesting picture and allow us to analyse not only the changes of the topic itself in museums in the Soviet system, during the Revival and in independent Lithuania, but also to show it as a struggle for memory. After the end of the partisan war, this topic was not eliminated from public life. Particular attention has been given to the reinterpretation of information. The shift from military to ideological propaganda was initially reflected in practical decisions. At a time when political life was undergoing the so-called ‘Khrushchev thaw’, propaganda gave particular attention to the interpretation of the legacy of the partisan war. The years 1957–1960 were a turning point in the formulation of further propaganda guidelines. During this period, the Museum of the Revolution of the Lithuanian SSR, in cooperation with the KGB structures, began to organise systematically expositions of the “crimes of the bourgeois nationalists” and exhibitions on the basis of the collected items. The introduction of a compulsory propagandistic idea of the “class struggle” during the Soviet era resulted in complex, largely emotion-based processes during the transition period. From the very beginning of the Sąjūdis, in the context of the partisan war. To refute the “class struggle” assessment established during the Soviet period, first of all, the construction of a narrative of the guerrilla war based on historical research was abandoned from the very beginning. The choice of a martyrological narrative, mainly based on empathy with the processes that took place in the past, has eventually shaped the narrative on victims in the museum exhibitions of independent Lithuania. As the generation of creators changed and young cultural workers took over the activities of the museums, and as experts in various fields were involved in the creation of the exhibitions, not only the forms of presenting the partisan war began to change, but also the content. It is centred not on fatalities, but on the determination to fight and defend the independence of the country.
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