Journal of Cognition最新文献_第7页

Revisiting the Plausibility Effect in Remembering Truth and Falsity: An Analysis of Underlying Memory and Guessing Processes. 重新审视真假记忆中的似是而非效应：对潜在记忆和猜测过程的分析。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.459

Daria Ford, Lena Nadarevic

{"title":"Revisiting the Plausibility Effect in Remembering Truth and Falsity: An Analysis of Underlying Memory and Guessing Processes.","authors":"Daria Ford, Lena Nadarevic","doi":"10.5334/joc.459","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.459","url":null,"abstract":"Plausibility seems to play a key role in how well people remember the veracity of information. In a study by Vorms and colleagues (2022), an interaction pattern between statement plausibility and veracity feedback on memory performance appeared: Plausible statements were significantly more often correctly identified as true than correctly identified as false; for implausible statements, the descriptive trend was reversed. Given the importance of accurate memory for truth and falsity in real-world settings, it is crucial to understand the cognitive processes underlying this plausibility effect. For this purpose, we conducted a preregistered experiment in which participants studied four different statement types along with veracity feedback: plausible true, plausible false, implausible true, and implausible false. In a later recognition test, they indicated whether a statement was presented and, if so, what veracity feedback was displayed. We replicated the plausibility effect as an interaction between statement plausibility and veracity feedback on correct true/false attributions. Moreover, we analysed the data with a multinomial model to estimate the contribution of statement memory, feedback memory, and different guessing processes underlying the observable responses. These analyses revealed that guessing processes and statement memory accounted for the above-mentioned plausibility effect: Feedback guessing was influenced by corresponding statement plausibility, and statement memory was overall better when the veracity feedback aligned with statement plausibility. In contrast, feedback memory was enhanced in the case of a discrepancy between veracity feedback and statement plausibility. These results emphasise the importance of examining the processes driving the plausibility effect to derive correct conclusions.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory and Representation of Vision-Related Verbs in Early Blind Individuals. 早期盲人视觉相关动词的记忆和表征。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.458

Léo Dutriaux, Roberto Bottini

引用次数: 0

Unitization Based Memory Enhancement in Younger and Older Adults. 基于统一的记忆增强在年轻人和老年人。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.457

Joshua Kah Meng Khoo, Roni Tibon

{"title":"Unitization Based Memory Enhancement in Younger and Older Adults.","authors":"Joshua Kah Meng Khoo, Roni Tibon","doi":"10.5334/joc.457","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.457","url":null,"abstract":"Memory for episodic associations declines with ageing due to decreased recollection abilities. Unitization-the encoding of multiple items as one integrated entity-has been shown to support familiarity-based retrieval that is independent of recollection and is relatively preserved in healthy ageing. Accordingly, unitization has been proposed as a promising strategy to attenuate age-related associative deficits, but evidence regarding its utility was lacking. The current study aimed to establish unitization as a viable mnemonic strategy. First, to ensure that unitization can attenuate the age-related associative deficit for initially unrelated materials, top-down unitization was used. Namely, participants were given an initially unrelated word pair in the context of either a definition which allows the words to be encoded as a unitized compound or a sentence in which the words are encoded as separate entities. Second, to ensure that unitization can be used as a self-initiated strategy, participants also completed the task by generating their own binding information (definitions/sentences). As expected, a unitization effect had emerged, such that associative memory was enhanced following definition encoding. However, this effect only occurred when binding information was provided. Additionally, a general memory advantage for the self-generation condition had emerged, but this was (generally) similar across unitization conditions and age groups. Taken together, the results show that unitization can be used as a mnemonic strategy under certain conditions, and highlight additional steps that should be taken before it can be effectively used beyond lab settings.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Mental Effort Exertion Contagious? A Replication Study. 脑力劳动会传染吗？一项重复性研究。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.456

Alessandro Mazza, Ellen Voorrips, Gethin Hughes, Kobe Desender, Eva Van den Bussche, Hans Stuyck

{"title":"Is Mental Effort Exertion Contagious? A Replication Study.","authors":"Alessandro Mazza, Ellen Voorrips, Gethin Hughes, Kobe Desender, Eva Van den Bussche, Hans Stuyck","doi":"10.5334/joc.456","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.456","url":null,"abstract":"Daily, we perform activities in the presence of others (e.g., office work). While it's well-established that the mere presence of others can influence our performance, it is less clear whether others' performance, rather than just their presence, influences us. To address this, we replicated Desender et al.'s (2016) study, Is mental effort contagious?, and conducted a second experiment to follow up on our failure to replicate their findings. Desender et al. (2016) used a modified joint Simon task where two participants performed side by side. The manipulated participant completed an easy (mostly congruent trials) and a difficult (mostly incongruent trials) block, while the neutral participant completed two neutral blocks (equal proportion of congruent and incongruent trials). They found that the neutral participant mirrored the manipulated participants' mental effort, exerting more effort when the latter performed a difficult versus an easy task. In both Experiment 1 (exact replication; N = 176) and Experiment 2 (more demanding joint Simon task; N = 120), we failed to replicate this result even though the manipulated participants adjusted their mental effort as expected. We identified methodological explanations for this discrepancy in results, such as how conditions were counterbalanced in the original study, which likely produced carry-over effects, and limited visibility of participants' physiological cues. Moreover, the original study's effect vanished when re-analyzed with a more robust linear mixed model, suggesting their findings may not have been as reliable as initially thought. Our findings underscore the need for rigorous experimental designs and analyses in psychological research.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pupil Size Tracks the Effects of Global Context and Semantic Ambiguity on Word-Meaning Processing. 瞳孔大小追踪整体语境和语义歧义对词义加工的影响。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.454

Julieta Laurino, Laura Kaczer

{"title":"Pupil Size Tracks the Effects of Global Context and Semantic Ambiguity on Word-Meaning Processing.","authors":"Julieta Laurino, Laura Kaczer","doi":"10.5334/joc.454","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.454","url":null,"abstract":"Processing word meaning often appears effortless, yet the language system must frequently resolve ambiguity by integrating broad contextual information to ensure comprehension. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the facilitation of global semantic context on word-meaning access remains a key challenge in cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we explore whether global semantic context -specifically, the thematic content of a visually presented short text- reduces the cognitive demands of word-meaning processing. Using pupillometry, we examined the contributions of context congruency and semantic ambiguity across two tasks: a word-association task (Experiment 1) and a semantic relatedness task (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, global context congruence biased word associations toward context-consistent meanings, and, crucially, this was accompanied by a reduction in pupil size, indicating reduced cognitive effort. Experiment 2 revealed faster and more accurate responses in context-congruent conditions, with a concurrent reduction in pupil size. Notably, the effects of global context on pupil dilation were amplified for more ambiguous words, highlighting an interaction between lexical ambiguity and contextual facilitation. These findings provide new insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms of context-to-word interactions and validate pupillometry as a sensitive marker of cognitive effort during word-meaning processing.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Pretesting Effect: Exploring the Impact of Feedback and Final Test Timing. 预测试效应：探索反馈和最终测试时间的影响。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.455

Yeray Mera, Nataliya Dianova, Eugenia Marin-Garcia

{"title":"The Pretesting Effect: Exploring the Impact of Feedback and Final Test Timing.","authors":"Yeray Mera, Nataliya Dianova, Eugenia Marin-Garcia","doi":"10.5334/joc.455","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.455","url":null,"abstract":"The pretesting effect suggests that attempting and failing to guess unknown information can improve memory compared to errorless study. A relevant question concerns the optimal timing for providing corrective feedback and administering the final test. This study explored two variables: (1) the timing of feedback after unsuccessful pretest attempts, either immediately or following a delay of 24 hours (Experiment 1) or 48 hours (Experiment 2); and (2) the timing of the final test after feedback, either immediately or after a 24-hour delay (Experiment 1). Recall accuracy was evaluated across these conditions and compared to an errorless (read-only) learning condition. The results showed that pretesting consistently yielded higher recall accuracy than the read-only condition. Immediate feedback was more effective than delayed feedback, and performance on the immediate test was superior to that of the delayed test. More importantly, the pretesting effect persisted even with delays in feedback and final testing. This flexibility in timing suggests practical applications, particularly in educational settings where immediate feedback or testing may not always be feasible.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12292081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Flexibility of Working Memory in Drawing on Episodic Long-Term Memory Representations in Serial Recall. 工作记忆在连续回忆中利用情景长时记忆表征的灵活性。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.451

Ana Rodriguez, Philipp Musfeld, Lea M Bartsch

{"title":"The Flexibility of Working Memory in Drawing on Episodic Long-Term Memory Representations in Serial Recall.","authors":"Ana Rodriguez, Philipp Musfeld, Lea M Bartsch","doi":"10.5334/joc.451","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.451","url":null,"abstract":"Prior episodic long-term memory (LTM) can enhance working memory (WM) by improving recall of WM representations that match pre-learnt information and by freeing up capacity for new information. In this study, we investigated the flexibility of WM in doing so. Specifically, we tested whether WM can make use of pre-learnt item-item associations in a serial recall task, which typically requires the formation of item-positional bindings. We examined whether any benefits arise from accessing full episodic representations or from item activation, and assess whether the observed benefits are best explained by compression accounts during encoding (e.g., chunking, offloading) or by redintegration at test. Furthermore, we tested whether the benefits for pre-learnt and novel words depended on the position within the lists. Across three experiments, we consistently found that incorporating pre-learnt word pairs into a serial recall task facilitated immediate memory for words that matched pre-learnt representations - speaking against an item activation account. However, the benefit on new words within lists that included pre-learnt pairs depended on whether the words could be easily submitted to encoding strategies, such as chunking or offloading, which was facilitated by providing matching grouping structures during encoding. Overall, our results expand our understanding of how prior experiences can benefit WM processes, demonstrating that such benefits mainly result from the retrieval of prior episodes, rather than enhanced item activation in episodic memory.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A State-Transition-Free Delayed-Feedback Task Elicits Heterogeneous Human Responses. 一个无状态转移的延迟反馈任务引发了异质的人类反应。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.453

Satoshi Hirata, Yutaro Sato, Hika Kuroshima, Yutaka Sakai

{"title":"A State-Transition-Free Delayed-Feedback Task Elicits Heterogeneous Human Responses.","authors":"Satoshi Hirata, Yutaro Sato, Hika Kuroshima, Yutaka Sakai","doi":"10.5334/joc.453","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.453","url":null,"abstract":"Humans and nonhuman animals learn to perform actions by associating actions with outcomes. In everyday life, outcomes sometimes occur only after a delay, and at an unexpected moment. The ability to connect actions and delayed outcomes has received less attention than performance in tasks where rewards follow the most recent action. Here, following a previous study (Sato et al. 2023), we designed a learning task to investigate humans' ability to link actions and outcomes which occurred after intervening choices. We prepared a total of six visual stimuli for use in three types of trials: A vs B, where choosing A immediately led to reward and choosing B was never rewarded, C vs D, where neither choice was immediately rewarded but choice of C led to reward in a later E vs F trial, and E vs F, where neither stimulus was associated with reward but a reward was given based on choice of C in the past. Results showed that nine individuals learned to choose C, thereby receiving a delayed reward. Among them, one participant subsequently correctly described the task structure in words, while the remaining eight did so with misunderstandings. We also observed large individual differences in participants' action selection (e.g., an irrational bias for D, a possible superstitious bias for either E or F) and explicit/implicit understanding of the link between action and delayed outcome expressed in words. Our results offer new insights into the ability to cognitively link actions and outcomes following a time lag.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracking Reactivation of Location Information during Memory Strategies: Insights from Eye Movements. 在记忆策略中追踪位置信息的再激活：来自眼球运动的见解。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.449

Ruhi Bhanap, Lea M Bartsch, Agnes Rosner

{"title":"Tracking Reactivation of Location Information during Memory Strategies: Insights from Eye Movements.","authors":"Ruhi Bhanap, Lea M Bartsch, Agnes Rosner","doi":"10.5334/joc.449","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.449","url":null,"abstract":"Memory strategies such as visual imagery and rehearsal are widely reported by participants as means to enhance recall. Their underlying mechanisms are thought to differ. Visual imagery is believed to engage both visual and spatial aspects of memoranda, while rehearsal is thought to reactivate only the item-specific information, excluding spatial information. In this study, we employed the Looking at Nothing (LAN) effect - in which individuals make eye movements towards the original location of the memorized item during retrieval - to investigate the reactivation of spatial location in both visual imagery and rehearsal. Our findings demonstrate that LAN occurs with both strategies, indicating that spatial information is reactivated during rehearsal as well. Notably, we observed higher immediate as well as delayed memory performance with visual imagery compared to rehearsal. However, the amount of LAN observed for both these strategies remained the same. To further explore whether these differences in the amount of LAN and memory performance were driven by a modulation of the strength of long-term memory (LTM) traces we introduced proactive interference (PI) in a second experiment. PI is known to impact LTM traces, while leaving working memory (WM) intact. While PI led to a decline in WM for visual imagery, the amount of LAN remained the same. These results indicate that visual imagery and rehearsal both reactivate location information and additionally, visual imagery drives eye movements and memory benefits through distinct mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the Level of Temporal Demand Affect Activation of the Mental Timeline? 时间需求水平是否影响心理时间轴的激活？

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-28 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.448

Katharina Kühne, Alex Miklashevsky, Anastasia Malyshevskaya

{"title":"Does the Level of Temporal Demand Affect Activation of the Mental Timeline?","authors":"Katharina Kühne, Alex Miklashevsky, Anastasia Malyshevskaya","doi":"10.5334/joc.448","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.448","url":null,"abstract":"The space-time congruency effect indicates faster processing of past-/future-related words with the left/right response key, suggesting the presence of the horizontal Mental Time Line (MTL). Typically, this effect is observed in the tasks with high temporal demand (i.e., past versus future categorization), but not in those with the low relevance of the time dimension (i.e., sensicality judgments). However, it remains unclear whether intermediate levels of temporal demand are sufficient to activate the MTL. To address this, we conducted three experiments in which participants categorized the same set of temporal words based on their relation to living entities (Experiment 1), space (Experiment 2), and general time (Experiment 3). In individual analyses of the experiments, the space-time congruency effect was absent in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the effect emerged in reaction times but not in accuracy. In Experiment 3, it was observed in both measures. Subsequent comparisons across experiments suggested reliable differences between Experiments 2 and 3 in reaction times and between Experiment 3 and the other two experiments in accuracy. Our results provide evidence that MTL activation depends on the level of temporal demand required by the task. The findings support the notion that mental representations are context-sensitive rather than fixed.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0