Journal of Cognition最新文献_第7页

Subjective Understanding is Reduced by Mechanistic Framing. 主观理解因机制框架而减弱。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.393

Jeffrey C Zemla, Daniel Corral

引用次数: 0

Evidence Against Effects of Cultural Group and Prior Knowledge on Feature Binding in Working Memory. 证据表明，文化群体和先验知识对工作记忆中的特征绑定没有影响。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.390

Hiu Wah Cheung, Nicolas Geeraert, Vanessa M Loaiza

{"title":"Evidence Against Effects of Cultural Group and Prior Knowledge on Feature Binding in Working Memory.","authors":"Hiu Wah Cheung, Nicolas Geeraert, Vanessa M Loaiza","doi":"10.5334/joc.390","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.390","url":null,"abstract":"Feature binding is the process of integrating features, such as colour and shape, into object representations. A persistent question in the literature concerning whether feature binding is an automatic or resource-demanding process may depend on unitisation, that is, whether the to-be-bound information is intrinsic (belonging to) or extrinsic (contextual). Given extensive evidence showing that Easterners may process information more holistically than Westerners, such cultural differences may be useful to understand the fundamental processes of feature binding in visual working memory (WM). Accordingly, we recruited British and Chinese participants to complete a visual WM task wherein to-be-remembered colours were integrated within (i.e., intrinsic binding) or as backgrounds (i.e., extrinsic binding) of to-be-remembered shapes (Experiments 1 and 2). Experiment 2 further investigated the role of prior knowledge in long-term memory to facilitate feature binding in WM. During retrieval, participants decided among three probes: a target, a lure (i.e., recombination of the presented features), and a new colour/shape. Hierarchical Bayesian multinomial processing tree models were fit to the data to estimate parameters representing binding and item memory. The current results suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic binding memory are similar between the two cultural groups, with no prior knowledge benefits for either intrinsic or extrinsic binding for either cultural group. This result conflicts with the Analytic and Holistic framework and suggests that there are no cultural differences or prior knowledge benefits in feature binding.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breathing Life Into Meta-Analytic Methods. 为 Meta 分析方法注入活力。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.389

David Allbritton, Pablo Gómez, Bernhard Angele, Martin Vasilev, Manuel Perea

引用次数: 0

The Relation Between Subjective and Objective Measures of Visual Awareness: Current Evidence, Attempt of a Synthesis and Future Research Directions. 视觉意识的主观测量与客观测量之间的关系：当前证据、综合尝试和未来研究方向。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.381

Markus Kiefer, Thomas Kammer

引用次数: 0

Risk and Protective Factors for Executive Function in Vulnerable South African Preschool-Age Children. 南非学龄前弱势儿童执行功能的风险和保护因素。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.377

Caylee J Cook, Steven J Howard, Hleliwe Makaula, Rebecca Merkley, Mbulelo Mshudulu, Nosibusiso Tshetu, Gaia Scerif, Catherine E Draper

{"title":"Risk and Protective Factors for Executive Function in Vulnerable South African Preschool-Age Children.","authors":"Caylee J Cook, Steven J Howard, Hleliwe Makaula, Rebecca Merkley, Mbulelo Mshudulu, Nosibusiso Tshetu, Gaia Scerif, Catherine E Draper","doi":"10.5334/joc.377","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.377","url":null,"abstract":"Executive function (EF) theory and research continues to under-represent the contexts in which the majority of the world's children reside, despite their potential to support, refute, or refine our current understandings. The current study sought to contribute to our understanding of EF in low-income settings in South Africa by investigating longitudinal associations of context-specific risk and protective factors for EF development in three- to five-year-old children who had limited access to ECCE services before the age of five. Child-caregiver dyads (N = 171) participated in two rounds of data collection (approximately seven months apart) during which child EF was assessed using the Early Years Toolbox; context-specific risk and protective factors were assessed through a caregiver questionnaire. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that after controlling for age, attending ECCE services at time 2 (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), and diversity of caregivers at time 1 (β = 0.14, p = 0.041) were the only factors positively associated with EF at time 2. Other factors commonly associated with EF such as caregiver education, and household income were not significant, while resources in the home were significantly associated with EF (β = -0.18, p = 0.007) but in the opposite direction to what was expected. These results add to accumulating evidence that predictors of EF established in Minority World contexts may not be consistent across contexts, emphasising the need to broaden the EF evidence base. For instance, future studies could incorporate qualitative and ethnographic methods to better capture the cultural and contextual nuances relating to EF, to better inform our statistical and theoretical models.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling Working Memory Capacity: Is the Magical Number Four, Seven, or Does it Depend on What You Are Counting? 工作记忆能力建模：神奇数字是 "四"、"七"，还是取决于你在数什么？

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.387

Sergio Morra, Paola Patella, Lorenzo Muscella

{"title":"Modelling Working Memory Capacity: Is the Magical Number Four, Seven, or Does it Depend on What You Are Counting?","authors":"Sergio Morra, Paola Patella, Lorenzo Muscella","doi":"10.5334/joc.387","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.387","url":null,"abstract":"Limited attentional capacity is essential to working memory. How its limit should be assessed is a debated issue. Five experiments compare Cowan's 4-units and Pascual-Leone's 7-units models of limited working memory capacity, with presentation time and attention to operative schemes as potential explanations of this discrepancy. Experiments 1a-1c used the Compound Stimuli Visual Information (CSVI) task, with long versus brief presentation. Capacity was estimated with the Bose-Einstein model, assuming a different number of attending acts in each condition. Participants' k estimates in both conditions were highly correlated and the means were not different, indicating that the same capacity is assessed in both conditions. Experiments 2 and 3 used the 5000-msec CSVI, and the Visual Array Task (VAT) in two conditions (5000- vs. 120-msec presentation). Capacity in the VAT was estimated with Morey's Bayesian method. Participants' k estimates in both VAT conditions were correlated, but the mean was higher with long presentation, suggesting that the long condition benefits from recoding or chunking. The k estimate in the CSVI correlated with the short VAT and (to a lesser degree in Exp.2) with the long VAT. The mean estimate of k in the CSVI was one unit more than in the short VAT. We conclude that the CSVI and the short VAT tap the same capacity, one unit of which in the short VAT is allocated to an operative scheme; we discuss how Cowan's and Pascual-Leone's views on limited capacity can be reconciled.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure to Language in Video and its Impact on Linguistic Development in Children Aged 3-11: A Scoping Review. 在视频中接触语言及其对 3-11 岁儿童语言发展的影响：范围界定综述。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.385

Anna Elizabeth Gowenlock, Courtenay Norbury, Jennifer M Rodd

{"title":"Exposure to Language in Video and its Impact on Linguistic Development in Children Aged 3-11: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Anna Elizabeth Gowenlock, Courtenay Norbury, Jennifer M Rodd","doi":"10.5334/joc.385","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.385","url":null,"abstract":"Early exposure to books can benefit language acquisition by expanding children's linguistic experience and engaging them in a shared activity (Nation et al. 2022; Dowdall et al., 2020). Video media (including television) could potentially fulfil a similar role by exposing children to new linguistic phenomena in an engaging setting. However, while many studies have examined the impact of screen-time on cognitive development (for a review see Kostyrka-Allchorne et al., 2017), the findings relating specifically to language remain unclear. The aim of this review is to understand how encountering language content in video media might impact a variety of language skills in children aged 3-11. This review maps the methods and findings of 93 studies that met preregistered criteria with the goal of understanding which factors impact learning outcomes following video exposure. Results from observational (N = 31) and experimental (N = 62) studies reveal a divided literature in which video viewing is linked to short-term benefits for learning specific linguistic structures from high-quality video media, as well as having negative or null long-term associations with standardised language measures. Results highlight various methodological difficulties and limitations faced by experimental and observational approaches and reveal the importance of video quality and viewing context for language learning.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.380

Matthieu Chidharom, Mahsa Zafarmand, Nancy B Carlisle

{"title":"Similar Quality of Visual Working Memory Representations between Negative and Positive Attentional Templates.","authors":"Matthieu Chidharom, Mahsa Zafarmand, Nancy B Carlisle","doi":"10.5334/joc.380","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.380","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (VWM) plays an important role during visual search, with some theories suggesting an equivalence between working memory representations and guidance from attentional templates. However, recent work has shown that participants can also use 'negative templates', the foreknowledge of distractor-features stored in VWM, to guide attention away from distractors during visual search. These negative templates must also be represented in working memory, but the question remains whether the quality of the working memory representations underlying negative and positive templates are similar, in spite of their opposite impacts on attention. In this study, participants (N = 33) engaged in a visual search task for a shape-defined target after receiving a positive cue (target color), negative cue (distractor color) or neutral cue (non-informative). In 20% of the trials, a color-wheel probe was presented instead of a search array to measure the quality of the cue representation stored in VWM. Our results revealed that participants were more likely to guess in response to neutral cues than negative cues. Yet, the comparison between positive and negative cues showed no significant differences. However, we found no difference in memory precision for the three cue types. More interestingly, the more the VWM quality is boosted by the negative cue, the greater the ability to guide attention away from distractors. Such a pattern of results might map to recent evidence of between-individuals differences in utilization of negative cues. These findings highlight the distinction between attentional templates and simple maintenance in working memory.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keeping the time: the impact of external clock-speed manipulation on time-based prospective memory 把握时间：外部时钟速度操作对基于时间的前瞻性记忆的影响

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.5334/joc.388

G. Laera, G. Mioni, Sandrine Vanneste, P. Bisiacchi, A. Hering, Matthias Kliegel

{"title":"Keeping the time: the impact of external clock-speed manipulation on time-based prospective memory","authors":"G. Laera, G. Mioni, Sandrine Vanneste, P. Bisiacchi, A. Hering, Matthias Kliegel","doi":"10.5334/joc.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.388","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have suggested that time monitoring is important for appropriate time-based prospective memory (TBPM). However, it is still unknown if people actively use internal timing processes to monitor the approaching target time, and whether they do so by tracking the duration between clock digits, or by counting and matching the numerical progression of clock ticks' digits with the target time. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether a manipulation of the external time affected time monitoring and TBPM performance. In two experiments, participants performed two identical TBPM tasks: a first TBPM block with no clock-speed manipulation followed by a second TBPM block, where the clock-speed was manipulated as faster or slower (experimental conditions) or normal (control condition). The results showed that only participants in the slower clock condition increased time monitoring in the second compared to the first TBPM block (d = 0.42 and 1.70); moreover, particularly in Experiment 2, participants in the faster clock condition checked the clock significantly less frequently than participants in the slower clock (d = -1.70) and in the control condition (d = -0.98), but only during the 4th minute. No effect was found for TBPM performance. Overall, results suggested that people tracked the target time by counting and matching the numerical progression of clock ticks' digits with the target time. The findings are discussed considering the most recent theoretical advancements about the relationship between time perception and TBPM.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NewAbstractConcepts: A Database of 42 Normed Abstract Concepts and Exemplars. NewAbstractConcepts：一个包含 42 个规范化抽象概念和范例的数据库。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.384

Dounia Lakhzoum, Marie Izaute, Ludovic Ferrand, René Zeelenberg, Diane Pecher

{"title":"NewAbstractConcepts: A Database of 42 Normed Abstract Concepts and Exemplars.","authors":"Dounia Lakhzoum, Marie Izaute, Ludovic Ferrand, René Zeelenberg, Diane Pecher","doi":"10.5334/joc.384","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.384","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, researchers have expressed challenges in conducting word-learning experiments in adult populations due to limited availability of normed stimulus materials. This constraint often prompts the use of low-frequency or low-prevalence words, introducing the potential influence of prior knowledge or direct translation to familiar words. In response, we developed novel abstract concepts devoid of word referents, providing better control over prior knowledge. These new concepts describe situations encountered in various settings for which there is no existing word in English. The resulting database comprises 42 normed New Abstract Concepts, offering unique materials structured through scenarios, each containing similar and dissimilar exemplars. These materials underwent meticulous norming for relatability and similarity levels across a series of studies. The success of our approach was demonstrated in a word-learning experiment examining the effects of similarity and diversity. The database serves as a valuable resource for selecting stimuli in experiments exploring the learning of abstract semantic concepts, particularly investigating the role of similarity versus diversity in concept learning. The database is available on OSF (https://osf.io/svm2p/).","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11243765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0