Journal of Cognition最新文献

Refreshing Multi-Feature Objects in Visual Working Memory. 视觉工作记忆中的多特征对象刷新。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-30 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.464

Alessandra S Souza

{"title":"Refreshing Multi-Feature Objects in Visual Working Memory.","authors":"Alessandra S Souza","doi":"10.5334/joc.464","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.464","url":null,"abstract":"\"Thinking of\" a representation in working memory is assumed to refresh its trace, boosting its accessibility. We previously demonstrated that think-of cues can be used to guide the refreshing of individual features in working memory (e.g., colors, orientations, words), with items refreshed more often being better reproduced in recall tasks. In the present study, we tested whether refreshing modulates the accessibility of multi-feature objects, contributing either to the maintenance of feature bindings or individual features. The \"think-of\" cues procedure was combined with a recognition task in Experiments 1 (N = 31) and 2 (N = 77) and with a dual-feature report task in Experiment 3 (N = 117). In all studies, participants encoded four colored shapes. During retention, a sequence of three think-of cues was presented, guiding refreshing of the memoranda 0, 1, or 2 times. In Experiments 1 and 2, a colored shape was presented for recognition (50% match and 50% mismatch). Critically, mismatch probes consisted of intrusions (new color with old shape or old color with new shape). Refreshing monotonically improved match-probe recognition, but not the rejection of intrusion probes. In Experiment 3, refreshing increased the correct recall of both features of the same object, whereas the probability of a single correct report remained constant. These results suggest that refreshing acted on the representation of the integrated object. Not refreshed objects, however, did not become more fragile to binding disruption, they mostly lost accessibility in an all-or-none fashion.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Examination of Distractor Susceptibility of Prioritized and Unprioritized Information in Visual Working Memory. 视觉工作记忆中优先和非优先信息的干扰物敏感性研究。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-25 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.462

Evie Vergauwe, Caro Hautekiet, Naomi Langerock

{"title":"An Examination of Distractor Susceptibility of Prioritized and Unprioritized Information in Visual Working Memory.","authors":"Evie Vergauwe, Caro Hautekiet, Naomi Langerock","doi":"10.5334/joc.462","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.462","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents three behavioral experiments examining how different approaches of attentional prioritization influence distractor susceptibility in visual working memory (WM). We used three prioritization approaches: spontaneous, cued-based, and reward-based. In Experiments 1a and 1b, which involved spontaneous prioritization, we found that the distractor susceptibility of the last memory item - often assumed to be in the focus of attention - did not differ from that of other items in WM. In Experiment 2, cue-based prioritization was associated with reduced distractor susceptibility for the cued item, whereas reward-based prioritization showed no such effect for the highly-rewarded item, regardless of when the priority signal was presented (before, during, or after encoding). Thus, across these three experiments, prioritization was found to either reduce or have no effect on distractor susceptibility, but never to increase it. This dataset provides a basis for further investigation into the interaction between attention and interference in WM under different prioritization approaches.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the Experimenter Presence Affect Verbal Working Memory? 实验者在场是否影响言语工作记忆？

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.461

Valérie Camos, Jonathan Jubin, Clément Belletier

{"title":"Does the Experimenter Presence Affect Verbal Working Memory?","authors":"Valérie Camos, Jonathan Jubin, Clément Belletier","doi":"10.5334/joc.461","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.461","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies showed that the presence of the experimenter hinders executive functions. Belletier and Camos (2018) extended these findings to working memory, reporting a detrimental effect of the experimenter presence only when participants performed an aloud concurrent articulation during maintenance. Under such a condition, participants likely relied on an attentional maintenance mechanism rather that an articulatory mechanism, supporting the account of a capture of attention by the social presence. However, other results using the Stroop Task demonstrate an improvement on executive functions (Garcia-Marques & Fernandes, 2024, for a meta-analysis). Thus, the present study aimed at reassessing the impact of experimenter's presence reported by Belletier and Camos (2018) on a larger sample, with a within-subject manipulation of concurrent articulation, a variation in the secondary task, and the addition of another type of concurrent articulation. In the present study, participants alone or in the presence of the experimenter performed a Brown-Peterson task in which they maintained letters during a 12-second interval, during which they either stayed silent, uttered aloud, or whispered non-sense syllables. They had also to perform either no secondary task, a parity or a location judgement task. Results confirmed Belletier and Camos' (2018) findings, showing that the experimenter presence hindered memory performance when participants performed a secondary task under any type of concurrent articulation. A silent context or the absence of secondary task preserved recall from the effect of experimenter's presence.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the Plausibility Effect in Remembering Truth and Falsity: An Analysis of Underlying Memory and Guessing Processes. 重新审视真假记忆中的似是而非效应：对潜在记忆和猜测过程的分析。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-09-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.459

Daria Ford, Lena Nadarevic

{"title":"Revisiting the Plausibility Effect in Remembering Truth and Falsity: An Analysis of Underlying Memory and Guessing Processes.","authors":"Daria Ford, Lena Nadarevic","doi":"10.5334/joc.459","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.459","url":null,"abstract":"Plausibility seems to play a key role in how well people remember the veracity of information. In a study by Vorms and colleagues (2022), an interaction pattern between statement plausibility and veracity feedback on memory performance appeared: Plausible statements were significantly more often correctly identified as true than correctly identified as false; for implausible statements, the descriptive trend was reversed. Given the importance of accurate memory for truth and falsity in real-world settings, it is crucial to understand the cognitive processes underlying this plausibility effect. For this purpose, we conducted a preregistered experiment in which participants studied four different statement types along with veracity feedback: plausible true, plausible false, implausible true, and implausible false. In a later recognition test, they indicated whether a statement was presented and, if so, what veracity feedback was displayed. We replicated the plausibility effect as an interaction between statement plausibility and veracity feedback on correct true/false attributions. Moreover, we analysed the data with a multinomial model to estimate the contribution of statement memory, feedback memory, and different guessing processes underlying the observable responses. These analyses revealed that guessing processes and statement memory accounted for the above-mentioned plausibility effect: Feedback guessing was influenced by corresponding statement plausibility, and statement memory was overall better when the veracity feedback aligned with statement plausibility. In contrast, feedback memory was enhanced in the case of a discrepancy between veracity feedback and statement plausibility. These results emphasise the importance of examining the processes driving the plausibility effect to derive correct conclusions.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory and Representation of Vision-Related Verbs in Early Blind Individuals. 早期盲人视觉相关动词的记忆和表征。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.458

Léo Dutriaux, Roberto Bottini

引用次数: 0

Unitization Based Memory Enhancement in Younger and Older Adults. 基于统一的记忆增强在年轻人和老年人。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.457

Joshua Kah Meng Khoo, Roni Tibon

{"title":"Unitization Based Memory Enhancement in Younger and Older Adults.","authors":"Joshua Kah Meng Khoo, Roni Tibon","doi":"10.5334/joc.457","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.457","url":null,"abstract":"Memory for episodic associations declines with ageing due to decreased recollection abilities. Unitization-the encoding of multiple items as one integrated entity-has been shown to support familiarity-based retrieval that is independent of recollection and is relatively preserved in healthy ageing. Accordingly, unitization has been proposed as a promising strategy to attenuate age-related associative deficits, but evidence regarding its utility was lacking. The current study aimed to establish unitization as a viable mnemonic strategy. First, to ensure that unitization can attenuate the age-related associative deficit for initially unrelated materials, top-down unitization was used. Namely, participants were given an initially unrelated word pair in the context of either a definition which allows the words to be encoded as a unitized compound or a sentence in which the words are encoded as separate entities. Second, to ensure that unitization can be used as a self-initiated strategy, participants also completed the task by generating their own binding information (definitions/sentences). As expected, a unitization effect had emerged, such that associative memory was enhanced following definition encoding. However, this effect only occurred when binding information was provided. Additionally, a general memory advantage for the self-generation condition had emerged, but this was (generally) similar across unitization conditions and age groups. Taken together, the results show that unitization can be used as a mnemonic strategy under certain conditions, and highlight additional steps that should be taken before it can be effectively used beyond lab settings.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Mental Effort Exertion Contagious? A Replication Study. 脑力劳动会传染吗？一项重复性研究。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.456

Alessandro Mazza, Ellen Voorrips, Gethin Hughes, Kobe Desender, Eva Van den Bussche, Hans Stuyck

{"title":"Is Mental Effort Exertion Contagious? A Replication Study.","authors":"Alessandro Mazza, Ellen Voorrips, Gethin Hughes, Kobe Desender, Eva Van den Bussche, Hans Stuyck","doi":"10.5334/joc.456","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.456","url":null,"abstract":"Daily, we perform activities in the presence of others (e.g., office work). While it's well-established that the mere presence of others can influence our performance, it is less clear whether others' performance, rather than just their presence, influences us. To address this, we replicated Desender et al.'s (2016) study, Is mental effort contagious?, and conducted a second experiment to follow up on our failure to replicate their findings. Desender et al. (2016) used a modified joint Simon task where two participants performed side by side. The manipulated participant completed an easy (mostly congruent trials) and a difficult (mostly incongruent trials) block, while the neutral participant completed two neutral blocks (equal proportion of congruent and incongruent trials). They found that the neutral participant mirrored the manipulated participants' mental effort, exerting more effort when the latter performed a difficult versus an easy task. In both Experiment 1 (exact replication; N = 176) and Experiment 2 (more demanding joint Simon task; N = 120), we failed to replicate this result even though the manipulated participants adjusted their mental effort as expected. We identified methodological explanations for this discrepancy in results, such as how conditions were counterbalanced in the original study, which likely produced carry-over effects, and limited visibility of participants' physiological cues. Moreover, the original study's effect vanished when re-analyzed with a more robust linear mixed model, suggesting their findings may not have been as reliable as initially thought. Our findings underscore the need for rigorous experimental designs and analyses in psychological research.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pupil Size Tracks the Effects of Global Context and Semantic Ambiguity on Word-Meaning Processing. 瞳孔大小追踪整体语境和语义歧义对词义加工的影响。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.454

Julieta Laurino, Laura Kaczer

{"title":"Pupil Size Tracks the Effects of Global Context and Semantic Ambiguity on Word-Meaning Processing.","authors":"Julieta Laurino, Laura Kaczer","doi":"10.5334/joc.454","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.454","url":null,"abstract":"Processing word meaning often appears effortless, yet the language system must frequently resolve ambiguity by integrating broad contextual information to ensure comprehension. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the facilitation of global semantic context on word-meaning access remains a key challenge in cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we explore whether global semantic context -specifically, the thematic content of a visually presented short text- reduces the cognitive demands of word-meaning processing. Using pupillometry, we examined the contributions of context congruency and semantic ambiguity across two tasks: a word-association task (Experiment 1) and a semantic relatedness task (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, global context congruence biased word associations toward context-consistent meanings, and, crucially, this was accompanied by a reduction in pupil size, indicating reduced cognitive effort. Experiment 2 revealed faster and more accurate responses in context-congruent conditions, with a concurrent reduction in pupil size. Notably, the effects of global context on pupil dilation were amplified for more ambiguous words, highlighting an interaction between lexical ambiguity and contextual facilitation. These findings provide new insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms of context-to-word interactions and validate pupillometry as a sensitive marker of cognitive effort during word-meaning processing.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Pretesting Effect: Exploring the Impact of Feedback and Final Test Timing. 预测试效应：探索反馈和最终测试时间的影响。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.455

Yeray Mera, Nataliya Dianova, Eugenia Marin-Garcia

{"title":"The Pretesting Effect: Exploring the Impact of Feedback and Final Test Timing.","authors":"Yeray Mera, Nataliya Dianova, Eugenia Marin-Garcia","doi":"10.5334/joc.455","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.455","url":null,"abstract":"The pretesting effect suggests that attempting and failing to guess unknown information can improve memory compared to errorless study. A relevant question concerns the optimal timing for providing corrective feedback and administering the final test. This study explored two variables: (1) the timing of feedback after unsuccessful pretest attempts, either immediately or following a delay of 24 hours (Experiment 1) or 48 hours (Experiment 2); and (2) the timing of the final test after feedback, either immediately or after a 24-hour delay (Experiment 1). Recall accuracy was evaluated across these conditions and compared to an errorless (read-only) learning condition. The results showed that pretesting consistently yielded higher recall accuracy than the read-only condition. Immediate feedback was more effective than delayed feedback, and performance on the immediate test was superior to that of the delayed test. More importantly, the pretesting effect persisted even with delays in feedback and final testing. This flexibility in timing suggests practical applications, particularly in educational settings where immediate feedback or testing may not always be feasible.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12292081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Flexibility of Working Memory in Drawing on Episodic Long-Term Memory Representations in Serial Recall. 工作记忆在连续回忆中利用情景长时记忆表征的灵活性。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.451

Ana Rodriguez, Philipp Musfeld, Lea M Bartsch

{"title":"The Flexibility of Working Memory in Drawing on Episodic Long-Term Memory Representations in Serial Recall.","authors":"Ana Rodriguez, Philipp Musfeld, Lea M Bartsch","doi":"10.5334/joc.451","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.451","url":null,"abstract":"Prior episodic long-term memory (LTM) can enhance working memory (WM) by improving recall of WM representations that match pre-learnt information and by freeing up capacity for new information. In this study, we investigated the flexibility of WM in doing so. Specifically, we tested whether WM can make use of pre-learnt item-item associations in a serial recall task, which typically requires the formation of item-positional bindings. We examined whether any benefits arise from accessing full episodic representations or from item activation, and assess whether the observed benefits are best explained by compression accounts during encoding (e.g., chunking, offloading) or by redintegration at test. Furthermore, we tested whether the benefits for pre-learnt and novel words depended on the position within the lists. Across three experiments, we consistently found that incorporating pre-learnt word pairs into a serial recall task facilitated immediate memory for words that matched pre-learnt representations - speaking against an item activation account. However, the benefit on new words within lists that included pre-learnt pairs depended on whether the words could be easily submitted to encoding strategies, such as chunking or offloading, which was facilitated by providing matching grouping structures during encoding. Overall, our results expand our understanding of how prior experiences can benefit WM processes, demonstrating that such benefits mainly result from the retrieval of prior episodes, rather than enhanced item activation in episodic memory.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0