Journal of Cognition最新文献

Visual Search Task Reveals Categorical Representation of Topological Spatial Relations Between Objects. 视觉搜索任务揭示对象间拓扑空间关系的范畴表示。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-10-08 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.523

Jintao Song, Li Zheng, Zhentao Zuo, Tiangang Zhou, Yan Zhuo

{"title":"Visual Search Task Reveals Categorical Representation of Topological Spatial Relations Between Objects.","authors":"Jintao Song, Li Zheng, Zhentao Zuo, Tiangang Zhou, Yan Zhuo","doi":"10.5334/joc.523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.523","url":null,"abstract":"Geometry provides a rigorous mathematical framework for understanding the spatial relations between objects. Topological properties are regarded as among the most fundamental invariants in geometry. To investigate how the visual system represents topological structures (e.g., inside/outside relations, connectivity), the current study employed the visual search task and visual stimulus sets designed by varying the distance between two objects equally. Results showed that task performance improved when the difference in object relations crossed category boundaries defined by topological properties. The study excluded the influence of potential confounding factors, such as the perceived depth caused by occlusion (experiments 1a and 1b). Furthermore, when the relevant inside/outside topological category boundary was removed, performance varied systematically with metric distance (experiment 1c). The categorical advantage was further observed across different modes of connectivity (experiments 2a, 2b, and 2c). These findings provided evidence for the categorical representation of topological spatial relations in visual perception.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memorization Modulates the Lifespan of Event Files. 记忆调节事件文件的生命周期。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-09-28 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.521

Anna Scotts, Malte Möller, Ruyi Qiu, Iring Koch, Susanne Mayr

{"title":"Memorization Modulates the Lifespan of Event Files.","authors":"Anna Scotts, Malte Möller, Ruyi Qiu, Iring Koch, Susanne Mayr","doi":"10.5334/joc.521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.521","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined whether memorization influences retrieval of stimulus-response (S-R) representations, or event files. Repeating some but not all features of an event file impairs performance (partial repetition costs). Previous findings show smaller partial repetition costs after long than short intervals between formation and retrieval, suggesting that event file representations decay within a few seconds. Short-term memory processes such as rehearsal or attentional refreshing may mitigate this decay and preserve event files. In this experiment (N = 223), participants performed an S1R1-S2R2 task and were either instructed to memorize S1 identity (memorization group) or received no such instruction (control group). Partial repetition costs were compared between short (500 ms) and long (5,000 ms) intervals between R1 and S2. The memorization group also completed a forced-choice S1-identity memory task after each trial. In both groups, partial repetition costs were smaller after long than short R1-S2 intervals in response times and error rates. Partial repetition costs were also larger in the memorization group than in the control group across both intervals. In error rates, this group difference was modulated by interval length, with larger partial repetition costs following short intervals in the memorization group; a supplementary check showed this pattern was sensitive to a small number of trials, possibly reflecting reduced power (see Discussion). Exploratory analyses showed that better S1 memory performance was associated with slower event file decay. The findings provide evidence that memorization can mitigate event file decay, with implications for the interplay between binding, attention, and short-term memory.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Thought to Senses: Assessing the Relationship Between the Generation Effect and Multisensory Facilitation. 从思想到感官：产生效应与多感官促进的关系评估。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-09-28 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.522

Michaela Ritchie, Jonathan Wilbiks

{"title":"From Thought to Senses: Assessing the Relationship Between the Generation Effect and Multisensory Facilitation.","authors":"Michaela Ritchie, Jonathan Wilbiks","doi":"10.5334/joc.522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.522","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigated whether the generation effect, a memory advantage for self-generated verbal information, is enhanced in multisensory conditions. Such a finding would be consistent with the multisensory facilitation effect, a phenomenon wherein multiple sensory inputs may reduce the cognitive load required to process and respond to co-occurring stimuli from multiple senses. Although extensive research has explored the generation effect, the multisensory aspect of this task has been overlooked. In the current study, we aimed to determine if the generation effect is modulated by the multisensory facilitation effect. Multisensory facilitation involves the brain's ability to efficiently process information from diverse sensory sources simultaneously, enhancing cognitive performance. We employed a 2 (Task Type: generate, read) × 3 (Sensory Modality: auditory, visual, multisensory) factorial design, utilizing word pair lists and a cued recall test. A generation effect emerged for the auditory and audiovisual condition, but not for the visual condition. The hypothesis that the magnitude of the generation effect would be greater for the multisensory encoding condition was not supported. The current study addresses a gap in existing literature by examining the multisensory component of generation tasks and extends the current understanding of multisensory learning by incorporating verbal stimuli as the visual component.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction During Within- and Cross-Language Phrase Comprehension: Evidence from Eye-Tracking. 内语和跨语短语理解中的预测：来自眼动追踪的证据。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-09-21 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.518

Jing Tong, Tanja C Roembke, Wolfgang Scharke, Iring Koch, Andrea M Philipp

{"title":"Prediction During Within- and Cross-Language Phrase Comprehension: Evidence from Eye-Tracking.","authors":"Jing Tong, Tanja C Roembke, Wolfgang Scharke, Iring Koch, Andrea M Philipp","doi":"10.5334/joc.518","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.518","url":null,"abstract":"Language comprehension involves actively predicting upcoming words, but it remains unclear how the brain responds when predictions are disconfirmed. In the present study, we examined the effect of prediction disconfirmation by measuring eye movements in two visual-world eye-tracking experiments. Additionally, we explored such processing within one language as well as across a bilingual's two languages to explore the question of whether the effect of prediction disconfirmation is language-specific or language-independent. In a within-language and a cross-language experiment, Chinese-English bilinguals heard a classifier-noun phrase (e.g., \"a grain of rice\") in which the classifier was always presented in Mandarin Chinese, their L1, and selected a picture corresponding to the presented noun from a set of three pictures displayed on the screen. Across trials, the congruency of the classifier-noun phrase was manipulated: the noun could be congruent (e.g., \"a grain of rice\") or incongruent (e.g., \"a grain of furniture\") with the classifier. Experiment 1 (N = 40) used the same language (participant's L1, Chinese) for classifier and noun, whereas Experiment 2 (N = 40) used different languages (Chinese for the classifier; but participants' L2, English, for the noun). The results revealed temporal patterns of eye movements that may reflect residual activation of representations referring to disconfirmed predictions shortly after disconfirmation, followed by a reduction in their influence that may be related to inhibitory processing. Together, these findings suggest similar temporal patterns of eye movements following prediction disconfirmation in within-language and cross-language contexts, pointing to a dynamic and language-independent trajectory in the processing of lexical representations affected by prediction disconfirmation.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age-Related Differences in Naming Latency Variability. 命名潜伏期变异的年龄相关差异。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-09-21 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.520

Sabia Costantini, Pamela Fuhrmeister, Audrey Bürki, Leonie F Lampe

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in Naming Latency Variability.","authors":"Sabia Costantini, Pamela Fuhrmeister, Audrey Bürki, Leonie F Lampe","doi":"10.5334/joc.520","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.520","url":null,"abstract":"Variability in naming latencies is expected to increase with age on multiple levels, but few studies have examined whether this is indeed the case. In the present study, we tested whether performance variability increases with age by comparing young and older adults in the amount of naming latency variability between participants, across items, and within participants across trials and days. We additionally used estimates of performance variability for power analyses to determine how samples (i.e., participants/items) should be adjusted to achieve sufficient power in studies comparing latencies across age groups. We tested older adults (aged 65-75) on two occasions (7-16 days apart) and compared their naming latencies with those of young adults (aged 18-35) tested in another study using the same procedures. We replicated the age-related slowing in naming latencies reported by some authors. We found greater between-item variability in older participants, no evidence for or against an age-related increase in between-participant variability, and evidence for no increases in participant variability across trials with age. Moreover, variability across days was greater in the young than the older adult group. We discuss the relevance of these findings for designing future studies as well as for better understanding mixed findings in past studies.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Personality, Anxiety and Depression on the Attentional Processing of Emotional Faces. 人格、焦虑和抑郁对情绪面孔注意加工的影响。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-09-10 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.519

Carolien Konijnenberg, Svein Åge Kjøs Johnsen

{"title":"The Effects of Personality, Anxiety and Depression on the Attentional Processing of Emotional Faces.","authors":"Carolien Konijnenberg, Svein Åge Kjøs Johnsen","doi":"10.5334/joc.519","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.519","url":null,"abstract":"Individual differences in emotional information processing may be explained by attentional biases related to personality traits and affective symptoms. The present study examined how personality, anxiety, and depression symptoms relate to visual attention toward emotional facial expressions. Participants (N = 103) from a non-clinical student sample completed the Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25), followed by an eye-tracking task assessing attention to paired neutral and emotional faces. Attentional processing was assessed using initial orienting (time to first fixation) and sustained attention (fixation duration). Participants showed a general bias toward emotional faces, orienting faster to and fixating longer on emotional compared to neutral stimuli. Higher neuroticism was associated with faster initial orienting to fearful and sad expressions and prolonged fixation on emotional faces overall. Anxiety symptoms were linked to faster initial orienting across emotional expressions, indicating heightened sensitivity to emotional stimuli. Depressive symptoms were associated with longer fixation durations on emotional faces overall, without evidence of mood-congruent bias toward sad expressions. Other personality traits showed limited associations with attentional indices. Gender differences were minimal, although males oriented faster to angry faces. These findings suggest that neuroticism, anxiety, and depression contribute to distinct components of attentional bias, with neuroticism linked to both early and sustained processing of negative emotional stimuli, anxiety to early vigilance, and depression to prolonged attention to emotional cues. Results support models emphasizing both vigilance and maintenance mechanisms in emotional attention and highlight the role of individual differences in attentional processes.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13565027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age and Physical Activity Modulate the Spatial Mapping of Time-Related Words. 年龄和身体活动调节时间相关词的空间映射。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-09-04 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.514

Anastasia Malyshevskaya, Martin H Fischer, Yury Shtyrov, Andriy Myachykov

{"title":"Age and Physical Activity Modulate the Spatial Mapping of Time-Related Words.","authors":"Anastasia Malyshevskaya, Martin H Fischer, Yury Shtyrov, Andriy Myachykov","doi":"10.5334/joc.514","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.514","url":null,"abstract":"The processing of temporal concepts is known to be intertwined with spatial cognition. For instance, reaction times (RTs) are shorter when participants classify past- and future-related words with left- and right-lateral responses, respectively, in line with the so-called mental time line hypothesis. While some research has addressed individual differences in processing temporal concepts, it still remains unclear how such space-time congruency effects are influenced by the most crucial time-related factor in our lives - age. To address this question, we asked 94 participants aged 19 to 80 years old to classify past, future, and neutral words as related to time by using left and right response keys. In addition, we collected information regarding participants' self-reported level of physical activity, as it was shown to be a predictor of healthy ageing. We found that younger participants processed future-related words faster than past-related words, whereas older participants processed past-related words faster than future-related words. This ageing effect was modulated by physical exercise: The higher the self-reported level of physical activity in older participants, the smaller the past-related RT bias. Finally, our data revealed an age-related decline in space-time congruency effects among participants with lower self-reported physical activity. These findings indicate that the conceptual representation of time undergoes lifelong changes influenced by multiple factors, including age and physical activity. We suggest an integrative construct of dynamic conceptual time whereby the individual's bodily and life-course experiences lead to gradual changes in the processing of temporal concepts.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceptual Contaminants to Assessments of Visuospatial Working Memory: The Influences of Path Clutterness and Endpoint Crowding. 视觉空间工作记忆评估的知觉污染：路径杂乱和端点拥挤的影响。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-25 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.517

Zechun Zhao, Freya Joessel, C Shawn Green, Susanne M Jaeggi, Aaron R Seitz

{"title":"Perceptual Contaminants to Assessments of Visuospatial Working Memory: The Influences of Path Clutterness and Endpoint Crowding.","authors":"Zechun Zhao, Freya Joessel, C Shawn Green, Susanne M Jaeggi, Aaron R Seitz","doi":"10.5334/joc.517","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.517","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying individual differences in various cognitive constructs has important implications for settings such as clinical and educational assessments. Yet, cognitive tasks themselves often do not measure a single construct. As such, there is value in understanding the mixture of constructs involved in cognitive task performance, as this would allow target constructs to be better isolated. For example, tasks assessing visuospatial working memory (VSWM), in addition to measuring the \"of interest\" processes of encoding and maintenance, also involve lower-level perceptual processes. Here, we examined perceptual contaminant effects on VSWM using a modified Corsi Block Tapping Task, in which participants observed and reproduced sequences of spatial locations. Two forms of perceptual interference were manipulated: path clutterness, in which distractors appeared near the virtual path connecting successive targets, and endpoint crowding, in which distractors appeared near the target locations themselves. Endpoint crowding produced clear decrements in task performance, whereas path clutterness produced no detectable changes in performance. These findings indicate that perceptual processes, specifically visual crowding, influence VSWM assessment. This underscores the importance of accounting for perceptual processes in the design and interpretation of working memory measures.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral Constraint Legibility Under Concealment. 行为约束隐藏下的易读性。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-19 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.515

Assaf Benchetrit, Liliya Benchetrit

{"title":"Behavioral Constraint Legibility Under Concealment.","authors":"Assaf Benchetrit, Liliya Benchetrit","doi":"10.5334/joc.515","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.515","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday cognition requires observers to find organization in continuous behavior as surface form changes. Behavioral streams can carry a constraint that governs what remains coherent across variation. This study examines whether such a constraint can remain publicly legible when it structures an action stream and remains concealed from observers. The study examined this question in Untitled, Literally, a full-length abstract choreographic work presented in five public performances. Eight sections were constructed with Essence-to-Movement (EtoM), a procedure for preserving a specified behavioral constraint across varied movement conditions. One section, Drink Me, served as an internal contrast. Following the performances, audience members completed an anonymous voluntary questionnaire (N = 393). We tested the hypothesis that observers who reported structural routes into the work would show lower uncertainty, stronger active meaning-making, and lower preference for the internal contrast. The observed profile was consistent with this hypothesis. Structural-entry reports were associated with lower uncertainty, stronger active meaning-making, and sharper within-work discrimination between constraint-governed material and the internal contrast. These associations are interpreted within a post-performance self-report design under concealment.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13496225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to Measure the Reliability of Tasks in Experimental Psychology. 实验心理学中任务信度的测量。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-18 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.516

Marc Brysbaert

引用次数: 0