Journal of Cognition最新文献_第2页

Does Attending to Information in Working Memory Improve Long-Term Memory? 关注工作记忆中的信息能改善长期记忆吗？

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-11 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.513

Caro Hautekiet, Klaus Oberauer

{"title":"Does Attending to Information in Working Memory Improve Long-Term Memory?","authors":"Caro Hautekiet, Klaus Oberauer","doi":"10.5334/joc.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.513","url":null,"abstract":"There is broad agreement among memory researchers that WM processes can influence LTM formation. Prior research has suggested that holding information in WM for a longer time may benefit LTM because of mechanisms such as refreshing, elaboration, or consolidation - processes presumed to rely on focused attention. However, studies manipulating free time do not isolate attention effects from other factors. Several studies have used a more direct way to study the effect of attention on LTM performance by using prioritization techniques (such as retro-cuing and rewarding) whereby attention is directed towards specific information in WM during the WM retention interval. Here we review these studies. The results are mixed: Whereas some studies find LTM benefits for prioritized items, others do not. Variability in outcomes could not be explained by differences in memory set size, presentation mode, material type, kind of priority signal, or test format. When an LTM benefit is present, the difference in performance remains modest. Thus, focused attention in WM generates at best a small benefit to LTM. Most of the included studies made use of a surprise LTM test and thus, further research is needed to determine whether the intent to remember information in the long term interacts with attention to promote LTM encoding. Altogether, our review findings suggest that attention to information in WM is insufficient on its own for robust LTM encoding.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13475634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeating Task-Irrelevant Contexts Does Not Bias Task Choice and Performance in Voluntary Task Switching. 重复任务无关上下文不影响自愿任务切换中的任务选择和表现。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-05 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.512

Elena Benini, David Dignath, Moritz Schiltenwolf, Iring Koch, Andrea M Philipp, Andrea Kiesel

{"title":"Repeating Task-Irrelevant Contexts Does Not Bias Task Choice and Performance in Voluntary Task Switching.","authors":"Elena Benini, David Dignath, Moritz Schiltenwolf, Iring Koch, Andrea M Philipp, Andrea Kiesel","doi":"10.5334/joc.512","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.512","url":null,"abstract":"Goal-directed behaviour requires both efficient task execution as well as adequate task choice. Task choice may reflect deliberate evaluation of costs and benefits, but it may also be biased by bottom-up memory retrieval. Specifically, re-encountering a previously experienced context could retrieve a prior task choice, thereby influencing subsequent decisions. In the present study, using the voluntary task-switching (VTS) paradigm, we examined whether repeating a context would retrieve a task by manipulating whether a task-irrelevant context stimulus repeated or changed across consecutive trials. Based on a feature binding and episodic retrieval framework, we hypothesized that the context-albeit task irrelevant-could become bound with the task in each trial. Consequently, repeating the context would retrieve or reactivate the previous-trial task. Therefore, we predicted that context repetitions would increase task-repetition rates and task-repetition benefits. We used an adaptive VTS procedure (Mittelstädt, Miller, & Kiesel, 2018), wherein the onset of the stimulus affording a task repetition is delayed compared to the stimulus affording a task switch. The delay between the stimuli increases for every consecutive task repetition. We included a task-irrelevant context (a coloured box in Experiments 1 and 2, or a picture in Experiment 3) that could switch or repeat unpredictably in each trial. Contrary to the predictions, we found no evidence that repeating a task-irrelevant context affected either task choice or performance, even when context saliency was enhanced in Experiment 3. We discuss these findings in light of the interplay of performance optimization and task-set availability in VTS.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13450328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Verb Speed on the Processing of Goal-Oriented Visual Scenes. 动词语速对目标导向视觉场景加工的影响。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-03 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.510

Piia Taremaa, Nele Ots, Ann Veismann, Laura J Speed

{"title":"The Impact of Verb Speed on the Processing of Goal-Oriented Visual Scenes.","authors":"Piia Taremaa, Nele Ots, Ann Veismann, Laura J Speed","doi":"10.5334/joc.510","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.510","url":null,"abstract":"Research on mental simulation in language comprehension has yielded mixed findings, with some studies reporting evidence for sensorimotor simulation during language processing and others not. The current study is a conceptual cross-linguistic replication of two eye-tracking experiments on the online processing of speed-induced language originally conducted in English. Participants heard sentences containing a fast- or a slow-motion verb in Estonian (e.g., Laps vudis/tatsas puu juurde 'The child scurried/toddled to the tree.'), while their eye-movements to a corresponding image with an Agent, Path, and Goal were recorded. We were only partly able to find indications of mental simulation triggered by verb semantics. When sentences were longer and more complex (including a Path phrase such as 'along the path'), the effect of verb speed (fast vs. slow) on eye-movements varied as a function of scene type (with or without a distractor). Time-course analysis suggested attention allocation differences with earlier looks to the Goal in response to slow compared to fast sentences, but only when the sentences were longer and the scenes had no distractor. These mixed findings make it difficult to formulate strong conclusions about mental simulation of speed. If mental simulation of speed exists, it appears to be less consistently observed in visual-world studies than mental simulation of other information researched in the literature, such as colour. The study highlights the importance of addressing mental simulation in a diverse set of studies and of extending them beyond Indo-European languages.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balancing Cognitive Flexibility and Stability: The Role of Reward, Autism, and Transdiagnostic Traits. 平衡认知灵活性和稳定性：奖励、自闭症和跨诊断特征的作用。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-24 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.511

Leslie K Held, Judith Goris, Senne Braem

{"title":"Balancing Cognitive Flexibility and Stability: The Role of Reward, Autism, and Transdiagnostic Traits.","authors":"Leslie K Held, Judith Goris, Senne Braem","doi":"10.5334/joc.511","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.511","url":null,"abstract":"In our daily lives, we often need to switch between states of cognitive flexibility and stability based on environmental demands. It has been suggested that people can learn to navigate this balance based on reinforcement, but that this may be impaired in autism or other transdiagnostic dimensions. Replicating previous work, we show that people (n = 412) voluntarily switch tasks more when previously rewarded more for performing well on task-switch trials. Interestingly, we also found that it was difficult to unlearn this shift in cognitive flexibility when the mapping between task-switching and reward suddenly reversed. People with an autism diagnosis or high autism traits were not slower or faster in learning these contingencies. However, our results suggested a generally smaller task-rule interference effect and larger switch costs in autism and high autism traits, in line with prevalent ideas that they show more cognitive stability at the cost of less flexibility. A similar pattern was found for a significantly correlated Compulsivity and intrusive thought not capitalised for consistency please and Alexithymia component extracted from a rotated principal component analysis, highlighting the need to consider co-occurring symptoms. Together, our findings show that people learn to vary task-switching behaviour as a function of reinforcement, which may be hard or slow to unlearn, as well as interindividual variations along the flexibility-stability trade-off that show a relation to autism.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultural Influences on Name Agreement: A Set of 237 Standardized Photographs of French Speakers in Quebec and France. 名字一致性的文化影响：一套237张魁北克和法国法语使用者的标准照片。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-06 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.509

Emie Lefebvre, Roxanne Turcotte, Ludovic Ferrand, Edith Durand

{"title":"Cultural Influences on Name Agreement: A Set of 237 Standardized Photographs of French Speakers in Quebec and France.","authors":"Emie Lefebvre, Roxanne Turcotte, Ludovic Ferrand, Edith Durand","doi":"10.5334/joc.509","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.509","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated name agreement for a set of 237 photographs from the Bank of Standardized Stimuli (BOSS; Brodeur et al., 2010, 2014), using modal name agreement as a percentage-based measure of naming consensus and the H-value as an information-based measure of response dispersion. Data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by 105 Quebec French speakers and 106 France French speakers, who reported no history of neurological or psychiatric disorders. We hypothesized that cultural context would yield differences in H-values and modal names between the two groups of speakers representing two varieties of French. For each photograph, we report the dominant (modal) name, modal name agreement, alternative responses, and the corresponding H-value. Across the dataset, mean modal name agreement was 83.81% for Quebec French speakers and 83.34% for France French speakers, while mean H-values were 0.67 and 0.73, respectively. Distributional comparisons did not reveal significant differences in H-values between varieties. However, complementary item-level analyses indicated that H-values were slightly but significantly higher in France French, with a small effect size, and that H-values were positively associated across varieties. Descriptive comparisons also showed substantial overlap in modal names across varieties, while identifying a subset of items with different dominant labels. This study provides the first cross-cultural normative dataset for Quebec and France French, underscoring the importance of culturally adapted naming norms in both cognitive research and clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13353102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Prospective Memory Monitoring Governed by Dual Processes of Initiating a Retrieval Mode and Checking for Targets? A Conceptual Replication and Extension of Guynn (2003). 前瞻记忆监测是由启动检索模式和检查目标的双重过程控制的吗？Guynn（2003）的概念复制与扩展。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-03 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.508

Madeline R Valdez, Julie M Bugg

{"title":"Is Prospective Memory Monitoring Governed by Dual Processes of Initiating a Retrieval Mode and Checking for Targets? A Conceptual Replication and Extension of Guynn (2003).","authors":"Madeline R Valdez, Julie M Bugg","doi":"10.5334/joc.508","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.508","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective memory (PM) is often supported by monitoring the environment for a PM target that signals it is the appropriate time to perform the intention, a process that is attentionally demanding and therefore induces a cost to the ongoing task. Consequently, monitoring is employed strategically by heightening monitoring in contexts where PM targets are likely to occur, and relaxing monitoring in other contexts. In a seminal paper, Guynn (2003) proposed a dual-process model to explain the mechanisms of strategic monitoring, positing that strategic monitoring is supported by two processes: retrieval mode and target checking. The dual-process model has since been a fundamental contributor within the PM domain, playing a critical role in both theoretical and empirical progress. Although the dual-process model has undoubtedly left its mark, Guynn's (2003) original findings have not yet been replicated. Moreover, there has been no test of whether these results are replicable in a more traditional PM paradigm. In Experiment 1, we conceptually replicated Guynn's (2003) findings in support of the dual-process model of strategic monitoring after adjusting her design slightly to provide a more complete characterization of the influence of strategic monitoring on ongoing task costs. Experiment 2 aimed to conceptually replicate the evidence for the dual-process model in a traditional ongoing task within the PM literature, a lexical decision task. Although we found little support for the dual-process model in lexical decision task performance, the pattern of results raises the possibility that task characteristics may affect engagement of retrieval mode and target checking. Ultimately, this study provides the first replication of Guynn (2003) and highlights the need for further investigation of the dual-process model in other PM paradigms.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Competing Biases in Real-Time Sentence Processing. 实时句子处理中的竞争偏见。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-01 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.507

Hiroki Fujita

{"title":"Competing Biases in Real-Time Sentence Processing.","authors":"Hiroki Fujita","doi":"10.5334/joc.507","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.507","url":null,"abstract":"In sentences such as \"John remembered the boy took some time to rest\", the locally ambiguous noun phrase (NP) \"the boy\" is initially parsed as the direct object of the matrix verb \"remembered\" (the object analysis). When the embedded verb \"took\" is encountered, the NP is revised as the subject of the embedded clause (the subject analysis). Open questions are how the real-time resolution of this complement ambiguity is influenced by semantic/categorial constraints (i.e., whether the locally ambiguous NP is a semantically/categorially appropriate object of the matrix verb) and selectional frequency (i.e., the frequency with which the matrix verb takes a direct object NP). The present study addressed these questions and also examined whether temporal adjuncts, which can bias parsing towards the object analysis (e.g., \"John remembered the boy after…\"), influence real-time ambiguity resolution. The results showed that semantic/categorial constraints and selectional frequency drive the processor towards the subject analysis before embedded-verb disambiguation. However, temporal adjuncts gradually increased in influence and ultimately overrode these biases during processing. The observed parsing process was also simulated within an interactive constraint-based framework. Together, the experimental and simulation results suggest that real-time sentence processing is dynamically shaped by multiple competing biases.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imaginative Thought. 富有想象力的想法。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-01 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.506

Ruth M J Byrne

{"title":"Imaginative Thought.","authors":"Ruth M J Byrne","doi":"10.5334/joc.506","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.506","url":null,"abstract":"I suggest that the imagination is the engine of the mind. Its power can be illustrated in several domains that otherwise may seem quite disparate. I start first with moral decision making. Experimental results show the power of our imagination in bringing about immediate change in our moral judgments. Even actions we consider completely morally unacceptable can become neutralised. The impact of the moral imagination has many consequences, including its effects on our ability to understand other people's perspectives and their sometimes false beliefs. Next, I turn to causal reasoning. Experimental results show that the entertainment of counterfactual possibilities drives our causal explanations, even though causal and counterfactual explanations can have very different content. The impact of the causal imagination has many consequences including its effects on our ability to understand decisions made by Artificial Intelligence decision support systems. In the final section, I consider the mechanics of the imagination and the cognitive processes that underlie the mental simulation of alternatives to reality. Experimental results show that we construct mental models to represent the meaning of a counterfactual conditional. Our imagination of multiple possibilities has many consequences, including its effects on counterfactual inferences.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orthographic Neighbourhood Size Effects in Chinese Character Recognition: Small, Inconsistent, and Theoretically Ambiguous. 正字法邻域大小对汉字识别的影响：小、不一致和理论上模糊。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-06-19 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.505

Yixia Wang, Peter Hendrix, Emmanuel Keuleers

{"title":"Orthographic Neighbourhood Size Effects in Chinese Character Recognition: Small, Inconsistent, and Theoretically Ambiguous.","authors":"Yixia Wang, Peter Hendrix, Emmanuel Keuleers","doi":"10.5334/joc.505","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.505","url":null,"abstract":"Existing orthographic neighbourhood size measures for Chinese words rely on the representation of words or characters as consisting of two components, which leads to coarse measurements. Recently, Wang and Keuleers (2024) proposed the use of Ideographic Description Sequences (IDSs) which encode the basic stroke patterns of characters and their spatial relationships to create more precise neighbourhood measures. In two studies, we compared the effect of different neighbourhood size measures on recognition of single Chinese characters, while controlling for character frequency and number of strokes. In Study 1, we replicated the conventional two-unit approach using neighbourhood size measures for semantic (N-sc) and phonetic (N-pc) components. We found no effect of N-pc or N-sc. In Study 2, we used IDS-based measures to represent orthographic similarity at a more detailed level. In Study 2a, we found that the effect of a neighbourhood size measure based on single-component substitution (N-ch) was inhibitory but weak. In Study 2b, we found that a neighbourhood density measure using weighted edit distance (WLD-10) showed facilitation. In Study 2c, we found that this facilitatory effect was retained with a normalised measure (WND-10). While conceptually the IDS-based measures are better neighbourhood measures and one might hope that this would also imply stronger neighbourhood effects, our results show that the effects of neighbourhood size on character recognition remained small and difficult to interpret theoretically. Our results suggest that if any meaningful effects of orthographic neighbourhood size exist for character recognition in Chinese, they are probably small and inconsistent.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13281734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148296543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Prior Beliefs about Volatility on Adaptive Behavior. 波动率先验信念对适应行为的影响。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-05-27 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.504

Anna Bleser, Gereon R Fink, Simone Vossel, Paola Mengotti

{"title":"The Impact of Prior Beliefs about Volatility on Adaptive Behavior.","authors":"Anna Bleser, Gereon R Fink, Simone Vossel, Paola Mengotti","doi":"10.5334/joc.504","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.504","url":null,"abstract":"Humans adapt to environmental changes by balancing empirical observations with prior beliefs and evaluating if unexpected events indicate a true change. The specific factors that govern updating behavior in dynamic environments remain to be elucidated. We here examined how prior beliefs about environmental volatility affect updating of cue-target contingencies, particularly when observations violate these beliefs. Thirty-two participants completed two versions of a probabilistic reversal-learning task, in which auditory cues signaled the location of a subsequent visual target stimulus. In a reactive task version, participants indicated the target location after its appearance; in a predictive task version, they predicted the target's location based on the cue information. Cue-target contingencies either remained stable or reversed once within a block, thereby creating a stable and a reversal environment. Before each block, participants received either true or false information about volatility, i.e., about whether the cue-target contingency would remain stable or change. We analyzed reaction times (reactive task) and choices (predictive task) with model-free measures and a Rescorla-Wagner learning model. Participants generally adapted to the contingency changes in both tasks. In the reactive task, prior beliefs had no significant effect. In the predictive task, believing that a reversal environment was stable reduced learning rates. In stable environments, falsely believing the environment contained a reversal increased decision noise, reduced accuracy and increased choice variability. These findings demonstrate that prior beliefs about volatility shape updating in response to task demands and environmental structure.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13220732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0