Journal of Cognition最新文献_第5页

Exposure to Language in Video and its Impact on Linguistic Development in Children Aged 3-11: A Scoping Review. 在视频中接触语言及其对 3-11 岁儿童语言发展的影响：范围界定综述。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.385

Anna Elizabeth Gowenlock, Courtenay Norbury, Jennifer M Rodd

{"title":"Exposure to Language in Video and its Impact on Linguistic Development in Children Aged 3-11: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Anna Elizabeth Gowenlock, Courtenay Norbury, Jennifer M Rodd","doi":"10.5334/joc.385","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.385","url":null,"abstract":"Early exposure to books can benefit language acquisition by expanding children's linguistic experience and engaging them in a shared activity (Nation et al. 2022; Dowdall et al., 2020). Video media (including television) could potentially fulfil a similar role by exposing children to new linguistic phenomena in an engaging setting. However, while many studies have examined the impact of screen-time on cognitive development (for a review see Kostyrka-Allchorne et al., 2017), the findings relating specifically to language remain unclear. The aim of this review is to understand how encountering language content in video media might impact a variety of language skills in children aged 3-11. This review maps the methods and findings of 93 studies that met preregistered criteria with the goal of understanding which factors impact learning outcomes following video exposure. Results from observational (N = 31) and experimental (N = 62) studies reveal a divided literature in which video viewing is linked to short-term benefits for learning specific linguistic structures from high-quality video media, as well as having negative or null long-term associations with standardised language measures. Results highlight various methodological difficulties and limitations faced by experimental and observational approaches and reveal the importance of video quality and viewing context for language learning.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.380

Matthieu Chidharom, Mahsa Zafarmand, Nancy B Carlisle

{"title":"Similar Quality of Visual Working Memory Representations between Negative and Positive Attentional Templates.","authors":"Matthieu Chidharom, Mahsa Zafarmand, Nancy B Carlisle","doi":"10.5334/joc.380","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.380","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (VWM) plays an important role during visual search, with some theories suggesting an equivalence between working memory representations and guidance from attentional templates. However, recent work has shown that participants can also use 'negative templates', the foreknowledge of distractor-features stored in VWM, to guide attention away from distractors during visual search. These negative templates must also be represented in working memory, but the question remains whether the quality of the working memory representations underlying negative and positive templates are similar, in spite of their opposite impacts on attention. In this study, participants (N = 33) engaged in a visual search task for a shape-defined target after receiving a positive cue (target color), negative cue (distractor color) or neutral cue (non-informative). In 20% of the trials, a color-wheel probe was presented instead of a search array to measure the quality of the cue representation stored in VWM. Our results revealed that participants were more likely to guess in response to neutral cues than negative cues. Yet, the comparison between positive and negative cues showed no significant differences. However, we found no difference in memory precision for the three cue types. More interestingly, the more the VWM quality is boosted by the negative cue, the greater the ability to guide attention away from distractors. Such a pattern of results might map to recent evidence of between-individuals differences in utilization of negative cues. These findings highlight the distinction between attentional templates and simple maintenance in working memory.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keeping the time: the impact of external clock-speed manipulation on time-based prospective memory 把握时间：外部时钟速度操作对基于时间的前瞻性记忆的影响

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.5334/joc.388

G. Laera, G. Mioni, Sandrine Vanneste, P. Bisiacchi, A. Hering, Matthias Kliegel

{"title":"Keeping the time: the impact of external clock-speed manipulation on time-based prospective memory","authors":"G. Laera, G. Mioni, Sandrine Vanneste, P. Bisiacchi, A. Hering, Matthias Kliegel","doi":"10.5334/joc.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.388","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have suggested that time monitoring is important for appropriate time-based prospective memory (TBPM). However, it is still unknown if people actively use internal timing processes to monitor the approaching target time, and whether they do so by tracking the duration between clock digits, or by counting and matching the numerical progression of clock ticks' digits with the target time. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether a manipulation of the external time affected time monitoring and TBPM performance. In two experiments, participants performed two identical TBPM tasks: a first TBPM block with no clock-speed manipulation followed by a second TBPM block, where the clock-speed was manipulated as faster or slower (experimental conditions) or normal (control condition). The results showed that only participants in the slower clock condition increased time monitoring in the second compared to the first TBPM block (d = 0.42 and 1.70); moreover, particularly in Experiment 2, participants in the faster clock condition checked the clock significantly less frequently than participants in the slower clock (d = -1.70) and in the control condition (d = -0.98), but only during the 4th minute. No effect was found for TBPM performance. Overall, results suggested that people tracked the target time by counting and matching the numerical progression of clock ticks' digits with the target time. The findings are discussed considering the most recent theoretical advancements about the relationship between time perception and TBPM.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for Two Types of Task Conflict in a Color-Digit Stroop Task. 颜色-数字 Stroop 任务中两种任务冲突的证据

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.386

Ronen Hershman, Eldad Keha, Ayelet Sapir, Elisabeth M Weiss, Avishai Henik, Liane Kaufmann

{"title":"Evidence for Two Types of Task Conflict in a Color-Digit Stroop Task.","authors":"Ronen Hershman, Eldad Keha, Ayelet Sapir, Elisabeth M Weiss, Avishai Henik, Liane Kaufmann","doi":"10.5334/joc.386","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.386","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we conducted a Stroop-like task in which the participants were required to decide whether the presented stimulus, which could be either a colored digit or a colored rectangle, consisted of more or less than five colors. Like other Stroop-like tasks, the stimuli could be congruent (the stimulus was a digit that was equal to the presented number of colors), incongruent (the stimulus was a digit that was different than the presented number of colors), or neutral (a colored rectangle). We utilized a two-to-one response setting so that in some incongruent trials the digit and the number of colors would elicit the same response (e.g., the digit 3 containing two colors; both are smaller than 5), while in some incongruent trials, the digit and the number of colors would elicit different responses (e.g., the digit 3 containing 6 colors). This enabled us to measure both conflicts arising from stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response compatibilities. Our results indicated the existence of stimulus-stimulus compatibility (SSC), stimulus-response compatibility (SRC), and task conflict. Interestingly, these effects were in interaction with the number of colors, so that in small numbers, SSC and SRC were found, and in large numbers, SRC and task conflict were found. Moreover, the results suggest that our task includes two types of task conflict that are raised due to three different tasks: processing the meaning of the digit vs. estimating the number of colors and counting the number of colors vs. estimating the number of colors.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11243766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NewAbstractConcepts: A Database of 42 Normed Abstract Concepts and Exemplars. NewAbstractConcepts：一个包含 42 个规范化抽象概念和范例的数据库。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.384

Dounia Lakhzoum, Marie Izaute, Ludovic Ferrand, René Zeelenberg, Diane Pecher

{"title":"NewAbstractConcepts: A Database of 42 Normed Abstract Concepts and Exemplars.","authors":"Dounia Lakhzoum, Marie Izaute, Ludovic Ferrand, René Zeelenberg, Diane Pecher","doi":"10.5334/joc.384","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.384","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, researchers have expressed challenges in conducting word-learning experiments in adult populations due to limited availability of normed stimulus materials. This constraint often prompts the use of low-frequency or low-prevalence words, introducing the potential influence of prior knowledge or direct translation to familiar words. In response, we developed novel abstract concepts devoid of word referents, providing better control over prior knowledge. These new concepts describe situations encountered in various settings for which there is no existing word in English. The resulting database comprises 42 normed New Abstract Concepts, offering unique materials structured through scenarios, each containing similar and dissimilar exemplars. These materials underwent meticulous norming for relatability and similarity levels across a series of studies. The success of our approach was demonstrated in a word-learning experiment examining the effects of similarity and diversity. The database serves as a valuable resource for selecting stimuli in experiments exploring the learning of abstract semantic concepts, particularly investigating the role of similarity versus diversity in concept learning. The database is available on OSF (https://osf.io/svm2p/).","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11243765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is the Role of Spatial Attention in Statistical Learning During Visual Search? 空间注意力在视觉搜索期间的统计学习中起什么作用？

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.382

Aidai Golan, Aniruddha Ramgir, Dominique Lamy

{"title":"What is the Role of Spatial Attention in Statistical Learning During Visual Search?","authors":"Aidai Golan, Aniruddha Ramgir, Dominique Lamy","doi":"10.5334/joc.382","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.382","url":null,"abstract":"Our ability to learn the regularities embedded in our environment is a fundamental aspect of our cognitive system. Does such statistical learning depend on attention? Research on this topic is scarce and has yielded mixed findings. In this preregistered study, we examined the role of spatial attention in statistical learning, and specifically in learned distractor-location suppression. This phenomenon refers to the finding that during visual search, participants are better at ignoring a salient distractor at a high-probability location than at low-probability locations - a bias persisting long after the probability imbalance has ceased. Participants searched for a shape-singleton target and a color-singleton distractor was sometimes present. During the learning phase, the color-singleton distractor was more likely to appear in the high-probability location than in the low-probability locations. Crucially, we manipulated spatial attention by having the experimental group focus their attention on the target's location in advance of the search display, using a 100%-informative spatial precue, while the control group was presented with a neutral, uninformative cue. During the subsequent test phase, the color-singleton distractor was equally likely to appear at any location and there were no cues. As expected, the results for the neutral-cue group replicated previous findings. Crucially, for the informative-cue group, interference from the distractor was minimal when attention was diverted from it (during learning) and no statistical learning was observed during test. Intertrial priming accounted for the small statistical-learning effect found during learning. These findings show that statistical learning in visual search requires attention.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11243762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial "Embodiment in the Metaverse: How Real and Virtual Bodies in Interaction Affect Cognition". 社论 "元宇宙中的体现：互动中的真实与虚拟身体如何影响认知"。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-06-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.374

Claudia Repetto, Giuseppe Riva

引用次数: 0

Prospective Distractor Information Reduces Reward-Related Attentional Capture. 前瞻性干扰信息会减少与奖励相关的注意力捕捉。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-06-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.375

Justin Mahlberg, Daniel Pearson, Mike E Le Pelley, Poppy Watson

{"title":"Prospective Distractor Information Reduces Reward-Related Attentional Capture.","authors":"Justin Mahlberg, Daniel Pearson, Mike E Le Pelley, Poppy Watson","doi":"10.5334/joc.375","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.375","url":null,"abstract":"Motivationally salient stimuli, such as those associated with reward, can automatically gain attentional prioritisation - even when individuals are motivated to ignore such stimuli. This 'attentional bias for reward' has often been interpreted as evidence for involuntary Pavlovian 'sign tracking' behaviour. The prioritisation of reward-signalling distractors may additionally reflect a drive to gain information about the state of the world, irrespective of the particular reward that is being signalled. In the current study we assessed whether forewarning participants on each trial as to the upcoming features of a distractor would reduce reward-related attentional capture. This manipulation reduces the information provided by the distractor, without affecting the magnitude of the signalled reward. Using eye tracking in Experiment 1, we found that reward-related attentional capture was virtually eliminated when participants were informed of the upcoming distractor colour (relative to the baseline condition when no information was provided). In Experiment 2, using a response-time version of the task, we again found a significant reduction in reward-related attentional capture when participants received information about the colour of an upcoming distractor, or information about the value of the upcoming reward. Finally, in Experiment 3 we assessed whether participants were using the pre-trial information to strategically inhibit attention to the upcoming distractor colour. The results of these experiments are discussed within the context of information-seeking accounts of reward-related attentional capture effects.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11192094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for Automatic, Stimulus Driven, Arithmetic Processing of Single-digit Multiplication Problems. 刺激驱动的自动算术处理个位数乘法问题的证据。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-06-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.372

Eldad Keha, Daria Klotsvog, Sarit Ashkenazi, Eyal Kalanthroff

{"title":"Evidence for Automatic, Stimulus Driven, Arithmetic Processing of Single-digit Multiplication Problems.","authors":"Eldad Keha, Daria Klotsvog, Sarit Ashkenazi, Eyal Kalanthroff","doi":"10.5334/joc.372","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.372","url":null,"abstract":"Certain stimuli can automatically trigger different behaviors in a stimulus-driven manner. To investigate whether mathematical equations automatically trigger the tendency to engage in arithmetic processing, we asked whether the presentation of multiplication equations in an irrelevant dimension can trigger the automatic task of arithmetic processing and if so, which processes are involved. To that end, we employed a color-naming task in which participants had to name the color of different stimuli, such as: mathematical equations (e.g., 4 × 6 = 24), neutral-symbols (e.g., ####), neutral-words (e.g., building), and same-number strings (e.g., 11111), which appeared as one of four different colors. We found that mathematical equations and regular words in the irrelevant dimension triggered more task conflict (i.e., color naming's reaction time was longer) as compared to same-number strings. In addition, we found evidence for the automatic activation of different numerical processes; such that large-size equations (7 × 9 = 63) triggered more conflict as compared with small-size (2 × 3 = 6) equations and same-parity incorrect equations (3 × 2 = 8) triggered more conflict as compared to different-parity incorrect equations (4 × 2 = 9). We found no evidence indicating a distinction between the correct and incorrect equations. We discussed the relevance of the findings to the automaticity of arithmetic abilities and other domains in numerical cognition.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Curve of Learning With and Without Instructions. 有指导和无指导的学习曲线。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-06-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.373

Leendert van Maanen, Yuyao Zhang, Maarten De Schryver, Baptist Liefooghe

引用次数: 0