Journal of Cognition最新文献_第4页

When Do Generics Feel Justifiable? A Registered Report Bridging Key Theories. 什么时候仿制药是合理的？连接关键理论的注册报告。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-05 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.493

Felix Hermans, Walter Schaeken, Susanne Bruckmüller, Vera Hoorens

{"title":"When Do Generics Feel Justifiable? A Registered Report Bridging Key Theories.","authors":"Felix Hermans, Walter Schaeken, Susanne Bruckmüller, Vera Hoorens","doi":"10.5334/joc.493","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.493","url":null,"abstract":"Bare plural generics ('generics' for short) attribute a feature to members of a category without specifying how many actually possess the feature (e.g., 'Belgians love fries'). Generics are often used to perpetuate stereotypes and misinformation, yet researchers from many different fields disagree about how people decide what justifies a generic. This has led to a wide variety of theories on how people reason with generics. Pragmatic theories state that people find generics justifiable if they express knowledge that is useful (e.g., for survival or efficient transmission of knowledge). Statistical theories state that people find generics justifiable if the distribution of the features in the involved categories satisfies certain criteria. We compared the predictions of several influential theories in a registered study where participants, in each trial, saw the distribution of a feature in two fictitious groups. Participants then judged the justifiability of a generic that attributes the feature to one of the two groups. We independently manipulated the dangerousness of the features (a factor of relevance in pragmatic theories), absolute prevalence in the target group, and relative prevalence in the target group (factors of relevance in statistical theories). All experimental manipulations were within-participants. The order of conditions and the combinations of stimulus materials were fully randomized. Because our design allowed to predict specific, divergent patterns of main and interaction effects from each theory, this registered study allowed us to examine their relative merit and to further elucidate the cognitive mechanisms underlying generic justifiability.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subtle Gaze and Pupil Dynamics: Detecting Recognition of Familiar Faces with Moving Serial Visual Presentation. 微妙凝视和瞳孔动态：通过移动的连续视觉呈现检测熟悉面孔的识别。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-04 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.492

Ivory Y Chen, Sebastiaan Mathôt, Elkan G Akyürek

{"title":"Subtle Gaze and Pupil Dynamics: Detecting Recognition of Familiar Faces with Moving Serial Visual Presentation.","authors":"Ivory Y Chen, Sebastiaan Mathôt, Elkan G Akyürek","doi":"10.5334/joc.492","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.492","url":null,"abstract":"A major limitation of the traditional concealed information test (CIT) is its susceptibility to countermeasures. Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigms improve resilience against countermeasures, and pupil dilation has been shown to indicate recognition of personally familiar information in the RSVP paradigm. Here, we introduce a novel variation of the RSVP paradigm, Moving Serial Visual Presentation (MSVP), that aims to improve individual detection by incorporating eye gaze and pupil dilation. We combined serial visual presentation with lateral movements to capitalize on pursuit eye movements and pupil size for detecting involuntary recognition and goal-driven suppression of familiar information. Across two experiments, either a target face, a personally familiar face (the participant's parent), or one of two control faces appeared in a stream. In Experiment 1, participants were required to maintain fixation at a central dot and suppress gaze shifts except toward the task-relevant target face. In Experiment 2, participants were free to move their gaze and responded via keypress. Results indicated that while eye movement measures contributed little to detecting familiar-face processing, both pupil dilation and its rate of change exhibited a noticeable increase in response to familiar faces. At the individual level, classification based on the rate of pupil size change yielded detection rates of 55.2% (Experiment 1) and 33.3% (Experiment 2), exceeding those of previous RSVP-based approaches (22.6%). These findings indicate that MSVP, particularly when eye movements are constrained, enhances the diagnostic value of pupil-based measures for detecting task-irrelevant familiarity, though further work is needed to reach applied standards.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Underlying Sources of Response-Response Contingency Learning. 反应-反应应变学习的潜在来源。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-19 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.491

Klaus Rothermund, Anna Martini, Philipp Sprengholz, Birte Moeller

{"title":"Underlying Sources of Response-Response Contingency Learning.","authors":"Klaus Rothermund, Anna Martini, Philipp Sprengholz, Birte Moeller","doi":"10.5334/joc.491","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.491","url":null,"abstract":"We examined contingency learning of response sequences (response-response contingency learning, RR-CL) in a serial reaction time task (SRTT), in which keys were pressed corresponding to the spatial position of dots appearing successively on a screen. First-order contingencies between pairs of successive responses were introduced into the task by biasing the transition probabilities between the spatial positions of subsequently appearing dots, rendering specific response sequences more likely than others. A pre-registered study (n = 40) revealed evidence for robust RR-CL effects, indicated by shorter (longer) response times for responses that were preceded by a likely (unlikely) preceding response. Part of this RR-CL effect was due to episodic retrieval of the most recent response sequence that started with the same response as the current sequence. Yet, a robust genuine RR-CL effect remained after controlling for recency-based episodic retrieval. This residual RR-CL effect was dependent on contingency awareness, with stronger residual RR-CL effects for sequences that were correctly identified as high or low in frequency, indicating that learning of response sequence contingencies partly reflects propositional knowledge. A reliable residual RR-CL effect, however, was obtained also in the absence of contingency awareness, indicating that another part of the learning of response sequence contingencies operates automatically and outside of awareness.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Continuous Hand-Arm Vibrations Do Not Interfere with Cognitive Processing. 持续的手臂振动不会干扰认知过程。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.490

Anne Voormann, Andreas Lindenmann, Jan Heinrich Robens, Sven Matthiesen, Andrea Kiesel

{"title":"Continuous Hand-Arm Vibrations Do Not Interfere with Cognitive Processing.","authors":"Anne Voormann, Andreas Lindenmann, Jan Heinrich Robens, Sven Matthiesen, Andrea Kiesel","doi":"10.5334/joc.490","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.490","url":null,"abstract":"When humans engage in closely coupled human-machine interactions, they often experience hand-arm vibrations, which are a byproduct of the running machine. Yet, in closely coupled human-machine interactions, it is important to ensure that human attention and cognition remains sufficiently high to avoid accidents and to achieve a good performance. The aim of the present study was to examine whether hand-arm vibrations impact on cognitive processing. In two studies, we investigated the impact of constant or random vibration compared to a baseline condition without vibration on selective attention. In detail, we assessed overall performance (RT and error rates) and the congruency effect in a flanker task (Experiment 1) and a temporal flanker task (Experiment 2). In Experiment 2, we additionally explored experienced vibration comfort and discomfort, two constructs often considered in ergonomics. In both experiments hand-arm vibrations neither affected mean response times nor proportion of correct responses. Additionally, hand-arm vibrations did not modulate the congruency effect. Experiment 2 revealed that vibration comfort and discomfort seem to correlate with task-performance. We conclude that hand-arm vibrations in general do not impact on cognitive processing, but it seems important to consider which vibration is selected to achieve optimal performance depending on user experience.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bindings for Action: Bridging the Gap Between Theories of Procedural Working Memory and Action Control Research. 行动的绑定：弥合程序工作记忆理论与行动控制研究之间的差距。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-12 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.488

Gidon T Frischkorn, Isabel Courage, Hannah Dames, David Dignath, Christina U Pfeuffer, Moritz Schiltenwolf, Andrea Kiesel, Klaus Oberauer

{"title":"Bindings for Action: Bridging the Gap Between Theories of Procedural Working Memory and Action Control Research.","authors":"Gidon T Frischkorn, Isabel Courage, Hannah Dames, David Dignath, Christina U Pfeuffer, Moritz Schiltenwolf, Andrea Kiesel, Klaus Oberauer","doi":"10.5334/joc.488","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.488","url":null,"abstract":"Two research traditions, action control and procedural working memory research, have addressed the question of how humans control actions, largely independently from each other. While both research traditions consider binding as an important mechanism for action control, they conceptualize this mechanism differently. Here, we argue that a comparison and synthesis of both research traditions might lead to a better understanding of the conceptualization of bindings. We first provide a brief overview of recent frameworks developed in the respective research traditions: the BRAC framework (Frings et al., 2020) and the procedural working memory (WM) model (Oberauer, 2013). We then analyze the similarities and differences between the BRAC and WM perspectives. As a first step toward fostering an integrative model of action control, we present an extension of the procedural WM model that can account for the main empirical findings investigated within the BRAC framework and that might serve as a blueprint for future integration.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validating an Online Portuguese Battery to Measure Working Memory Capacity in a Sample of Portuguese and Brazilian Participants. 验证在线葡萄牙语电池测量工作记忆容量在葡萄牙和巴西参与者的样本。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-12 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.489

Nuno Gaspar, Alessandra S Souza, Márcia Maria Peruzzi Elia da Mota, Carlos Eduardo Nórte

{"title":"Validating an Online Portuguese Battery to Measure Working Memory Capacity in a Sample of Portuguese and Brazilian Participants.","authors":"Nuno Gaspar, Alessandra S Souza, Márcia Maria Peruzzi Elia da Mota, Carlos Eduardo Nórte","doi":"10.5334/joc.489","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.489","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a computerized set of online tasks suitable for measuring working memory capacity among European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese speakers (the oWMC-PT battery). The battery comprises three working memory measures: the reading span, the symmetry span, and the forward digit span. The tasks can be completed online at the participant's own devices in approximately 30 min. The oWMC-PT was specifically designed for use with Portuguese and Brazilian populations but can be readily adapted for any language (and we provide an English version in our repository). The three tested tasks had acceptable reliability and correlated moderately, forming a single latent factor reflecting working memory capacity. We observed configural and metric invariance, but not scalar invariance, between the two tested samples of speakers of European Portuguese (N = 195) and Brazilian Portuguese (N = 154). This indicates that tasks load similarly to the latent factor in both samples, but latent scores between samples cannot be directly compared. The oWMC-PT task can serve as a versatile tool to assess working memory capacity in online samples - particularly in the Portuguese-speaking world, but potentially also in other languages. The battery is accessible at: https://osf.io/ubcez.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ChatGPT Relies More Heavily on Consonants Than on Vowels to Recognize Words. ChatGPT更多地依赖于辅音而不是元音来识别单词。

IF 3.1

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-09 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.487

Juan Manuel Toro

引用次数: 0

Dissociation of Size and Distance Effect in Numerical Magnitude Comparison in Less Familiar Number Ranges. 不熟悉数量级比较中大小和距离效应的分离。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-06 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.486

Alexis Garsmeur, Roxane Morand, André Knops

{"title":"Dissociation of Size and Distance Effect in Numerical Magnitude Comparison in Less Familiar Number Ranges.","authors":"Alexis Garsmeur, Roxane Morand, André Knops","doi":"10.5334/joc.486","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.486","url":null,"abstract":"The approximate number system (ANS) is thought to mediate symbolic and non-symbolic numerical magnitude comparison. Challenging this view, the dual system model stipulates that non-symbolic comparisons rely on the ANS while symbolic comparisons rely on a discrete semantic system (DSS). In three experiments, the current study tests whether symbolic and non-symbolic magnitude comparisons rely on a common ANS or a DSS by examining the correlation between the size and distance effects in numerical magnitude comparison. We replicated previous studies, which used one-digit numbers 1 to 9, but also aimed to increase variance by using less familiar number ranges. Experiment 1 used a fixed-reference paradigm (reference = 55) with two-digit integers (11-99). Experiments 2 and 3 extended the design to decimals (0.01-0.98) with variable (Experiment 2) or fixed reference (Experiment 3). All experiments additionally included non-symbolic dot comparison in which the expected negative correlation between size and distance effect emerged. Across experiments, size and distance effects in less familiar number ranges were uncorrelated when presented in symbolic format, corroborating the idea that symbolic number comparison relies on a DSS. These findings were moderated by the observation of a significant correlation between size and distance effects in a subsample of participants who showed significant size and distance effects at the individual level. Interpretation of the current results must take into account limitations concerning specificities of multi-digit number processing, the reliability of the effects, and the possible role of unmeasured external factors in shaping the observed correlations.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12880005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dissociating Task Selection and Response Selection in Dual-Task Contexts: Evidence from a Novel Trial-by-Trial Analysis of Temporal Overlap between Tasks. 双任务情境下的解离任务选择和反应选择：来自一项新的任务间时间重叠的逐次试验分析的证据。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-05 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.485

Patricia Hirsch, Iring Koch, Otmar Leo Bock

{"title":"Dissociating Task Selection and Response Selection in Dual-Task Contexts: Evidence from a Novel Trial-by-Trial Analysis of Temporal Overlap between Tasks.","authors":"Patricia Hirsch, Iring Koch, Otmar Leo Bock","doi":"10.5334/joc.485","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.485","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of temporal overlap in dual-task processing on task switch costs. Participants performed a psychological refractory period (PRP) experiment with a varying stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), which is the time interval between the onsets of the stimuli for Task 1 (T1) and Task 2 (T2). Trials included task repetitions, where T2 was identical to T1, and task switches, where T2 differed from T1. T2 performance was worse with shorter SOAs than with longer SOAs and in switch trials than in repetition trials, indicating a PRP effect and switch costs. Notably, switch costs were not modulated by the SOA. However, SOA cannot precisely determine whether T1 and T2 are performed with or without temporal overlap in a given trial. To distinguish between these trials, we assessed the time interval between the T1 response and the onset of the T2 stimulus, known as the response-stimulus interval (RSI). The RSI acts as a proxy to temporally localize when T1 response selection is completed and the response-selection bottleneck is released, This novel trial-by-trial approach revealed that switch costs did not differ between trials with and without temporal overlap in task processing. Moreover, RSI was found to predicted T2 performance more accurately than SOA. Using RSI as a predictor of RT2 provides persuasive evidence that task selection and response selection rely on independent cognitive processes. Alternatively, both processes use shared central processing limitations, but temporal and/or strategic factors prevent these processes from overlapping in time and thereby interfering with each other.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12879994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Presenting Features Audiovisually Improves Working Memory for Bindings. 以视听方式呈现功能可以改善绑定的工作记忆。

IF 2.3

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2026-01-27 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.481

Nora Turoman, Elodie Walter, Anaë Motz, Laura-Isabelle Klatt

{"title":"Presenting Features Audiovisually Improves Working Memory for Bindings.","authors":"Nora Turoman, Elodie Walter, Anaë Motz, Laura-Isabelle Klatt","doi":"10.5334/joc.481","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.481","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been known that presenting information to multiple senses at a time (e.g., audiovisual presentation as opposed to only visual or auditory) improves later recall of said information - an effect known as the bimodal advantage. Surprisingly however, evidence for this has come only from studies employing free and serial recall, where the identity of an object is recalled, but not in cued recall, where one object feature is recalled when another one is cued. This is despite both tasks requiring binding features into an object in working memory (WM) - our brain's capacity-limited system for temporarily maintaining information for the purpose of achieving behavioral goals. The present study investigated this discrepancy across a series of four experiments. Contrary to the literature, and despite near-identical task settings, we found evidence in favor of a bimodal advantage across multiple experiments. Moreover, our results suggest that this advantage mainly arises from perceptual processes at encoding rather than from storage in an audiovisual fashion in WM. Finally, a primarily perceptually-based process, the bimodal advantage appears to be sensitive to the characteristics of the cue feature (i.e., its presentation modality). In sum, our results shed light on the mechanism of the bimodal advantage, now robustly detected in cued recall tasks, furthering our understanding of the relationship between perception and WM. Results are discussed in relation to prior studies that did not find a bimodal advantage, potential mechanisms underlying the effect, and the broader framework of the multicomponent model of WM.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"9 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12857621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0