Journal of Cognition最新文献_第4页

Dissociating the Effects of Visual Similarity for Brand Names and Common Words. 区分品牌名称和普通词汇的视觉相似性效应

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.397

Francisco Rocabado, Melanie Labusch, Manuel Perea, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia

{"title":"Dissociating the Effects of Visual Similarity for Brand Names and Common Words.","authors":"Francisco Rocabado, Melanie Labusch, Manuel Perea, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia","doi":"10.5334/joc.397","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.397","url":null,"abstract":"Abstractionist models of visual word recognition can easily accommodate the absence of visual similarity effects in misspelled common words (e.g., viotin vs. viocin) during lexical decision tasks. However, these models fail to account for the sizable effects of visual similarity observed in misspelled brand names (e.g., anazon produces longer responses and more errors than atazon). Importantly, this dissociation has only been reported in separate experiments. Thus, a crucial experiment is necessary to simultaneously examine the role of visual similarity with misspelled common words and brand names. In the current experiment, participants performed a lexical decision task using both brand names and common words. Nonword foils were created by replacing visually similar letters (e.g., anazon [baseword: amazon], anarilllo [amarillo, yellow]) or visually dissimilar letters (e.g., atazon, atarillo). Results showed sizeable visual letter similarity effects for misspelled brand names in response times and percent error. Critically, these effects were absent for misspelled common words. The pervasiveness of visual similarity effects for misspelled brand names, even in the presence of common words, challenges purely abstractionist accounts of visual word recognition. Instead, these findings support instance-based and weakly abstractionist theories, suggesting that episodic traces in the mental lexicon may retain perceptual information, particularly when words are repeatedly presented in a similar format.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letters, Words, Sentences, and Reading. 字母、单词、句子和阅读。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.396

Jonathan Grainger

引用次数: 0

One Standard for All: Uniform Scale for Comparing Individuals and Groups in Hierarchical Bayesian Evidence Accumulation Modeling. 人人一个标准：在层次贝叶斯证据积累模型中比较个体和群体的统一尺度。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-16 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.394

Rotem Berkovich, Nachshon Meiran

{"title":"One Standard for All: Uniform Scale for Comparing Individuals and Groups in Hierarchical Bayesian Evidence Accumulation Modeling.","authors":"Rotem Berkovich, Nachshon Meiran","doi":"10.5334/joc.394","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.394","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a growing body of research uses Evidence Accumulation Models (EAMs) to study individual differences and group effects. This endeavor is challenging because fitting EAMs requires constraining one of the EAM parameters to be equal for all participants, which makes a strong and possibly unlikely assumption. Moreover, if this assumption is violated, differences or lack thereof may be wrongly found. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we introduce a new method that was originally suggested by van Maanen & Miletić (2021), which employs Bayesian hierarchical estimation. In this new method, we set the scale at the population level, thereby allowing for individual and group differences, which is realized by de facto fixing a population-level hyper-parameter through its priors. As proof of concept, we ran two successful parameter recovery studies using the Linear Ballistic Accumulation model. The results suggest that the new method can be reliably used to study individual and group differences using EAMs. We further show a case in which the new method reveals the true group differences whereas the classic method wrongly detects differences that are truly absent.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11328677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Web-based Open-access Reliable Decision on Synonyms (WORDS) English Vocabulary Test. 基于网络的开放式同义词可靠判定 (WORDS) 英语词汇量测试。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.391

Po-Heng Chen, Rachael C Hulme, Lena M Blott, Jennifer M Rodd

{"title":"The Web-based Open-access Reliable Decision on Synonyms (WORDS) English Vocabulary Test.","authors":"Po-Heng Chen, Rachael C Hulme, Lena M Blott, Jennifer M Rodd","doi":"10.5334/joc.391","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.391","url":null,"abstract":"A quick and reliable test of vocabulary knowledge is a vital component of many studies looking at a range of language processing skills. Recent proliferation of online (web-based) research has generated a growing need for reliable open-access vocabulary tests that can be administered online. This data report presents the newly developed 30-item Web-based Open-access Reliable Decision on Synonyms (WORDS) English Vocabulary Test. In Experiment 1, we tested 109 participants (age range: 18-69 years) on an initial set of 51 potential multiple-choice test items in which participants read a target word (e.g., ubiquitous) and selected a (near-)synonym (e.g., omnipresent) from among three semantically unrelated foils (e.g., interpersonal, catatonic, voluminous). We conducted an item response theory analysis of participants' accuracy data to select an optimal subset of 30 items to include in the final version of the test. In Experiment 2, we verified the reliability of this 30-item version in a different sample (N = 121; 18-79 years); reliability (internal consistency) was good (Cronbach's α = 0.82). We confirmed that, consistent with numerous previous studies, (1) responses were more accurate and quicker for more frequent compared to less frequent words, and (2) older adults showed greater vocabulary knowledge compared to younger adults. The WORDS test takes on average 4 minutes (5 minutes 40 seconds including consent/debrief) to complete. It can be freely accessed via Gorilla Open Materials (https://app.gorilla.sc/openmaterials/694887), allowing ease of use and for useful comparisons between data collected by different researchers.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subjective Understanding is Reduced by Mechanistic Framing. 主观理解因机制框架而减弱。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.393

Jeffrey C Zemla, Daniel Corral

引用次数: 0

Evidence Against Effects of Cultural Group and Prior Knowledge on Feature Binding in Working Memory. 证据表明，文化群体和先验知识对工作记忆中的特征绑定没有影响。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.390

Hiu Wah Cheung, Nicolas Geeraert, Vanessa M Loaiza

{"title":"Evidence Against Effects of Cultural Group and Prior Knowledge on Feature Binding in Working Memory.","authors":"Hiu Wah Cheung, Nicolas Geeraert, Vanessa M Loaiza","doi":"10.5334/joc.390","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.390","url":null,"abstract":"Feature binding is the process of integrating features, such as colour and shape, into object representations. A persistent question in the literature concerning whether feature binding is an automatic or resource-demanding process may depend on unitisation, that is, whether the to-be-bound information is intrinsic (belonging to) or extrinsic (contextual). Given extensive evidence showing that Easterners may process information more holistically than Westerners, such cultural differences may be useful to understand the fundamental processes of feature binding in visual working memory (WM). Accordingly, we recruited British and Chinese participants to complete a visual WM task wherein to-be-remembered colours were integrated within (i.e., intrinsic binding) or as backgrounds (i.e., extrinsic binding) of to-be-remembered shapes (Experiments 1 and 2). Experiment 2 further investigated the role of prior knowledge in long-term memory to facilitate feature binding in WM. During retrieval, participants decided among three probes: a target, a lure (i.e., recombination of the presented features), and a new colour/shape. Hierarchical Bayesian multinomial processing tree models were fit to the data to estimate parameters representing binding and item memory. The current results suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic binding memory are similar between the two cultural groups, with no prior knowledge benefits for either intrinsic or extrinsic binding for either cultural group. This result conflicts with the Analytic and Holistic framework and suggests that there are no cultural differences or prior knowledge benefits in feature binding.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breathing Life Into Meta-Analytic Methods. 为 Meta 分析方法注入活力。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.389

David Allbritton, Pablo Gómez, Bernhard Angele, Martin Vasilev, Manuel Perea

引用次数: 0

The Relation Between Subjective and Objective Measures of Visual Awareness: Current Evidence, Attempt of a Synthesis and Future Research Directions. 视觉意识的主观测量与客观测量之间的关系：当前证据、综合尝试和未来研究方向。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.381

Markus Kiefer, Thomas Kammer

引用次数: 0

Risk and Protective Factors for Executive Function in Vulnerable South African Preschool-Age Children. 南非学龄前弱势儿童执行功能的风险和保护因素。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.377

Caylee J Cook, Steven J Howard, Hleliwe Makaula, Rebecca Merkley, Mbulelo Mshudulu, Nosibusiso Tshetu, Gaia Scerif, Catherine E Draper

{"title":"Risk and Protective Factors for Executive Function in Vulnerable South African Preschool-Age Children.","authors":"Caylee J Cook, Steven J Howard, Hleliwe Makaula, Rebecca Merkley, Mbulelo Mshudulu, Nosibusiso Tshetu, Gaia Scerif, Catherine E Draper","doi":"10.5334/joc.377","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.377","url":null,"abstract":"Executive function (EF) theory and research continues to under-represent the contexts in which the majority of the world's children reside, despite their potential to support, refute, or refine our current understandings. The current study sought to contribute to our understanding of EF in low-income settings in South Africa by investigating longitudinal associations of context-specific risk and protective factors for EF development in three- to five-year-old children who had limited access to ECCE services before the age of five. Child-caregiver dyads (N = 171) participated in two rounds of data collection (approximately seven months apart) during which child EF was assessed using the Early Years Toolbox; context-specific risk and protective factors were assessed through a caregiver questionnaire. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that after controlling for age, attending ECCE services at time 2 (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), and diversity of caregivers at time 1 (β = 0.14, p = 0.041) were the only factors positively associated with EF at time 2. Other factors commonly associated with EF such as caregiver education, and household income were not significant, while resources in the home were significantly associated with EF (β = -0.18, p = 0.007) but in the opposite direction to what was expected. These results add to accumulating evidence that predictors of EF established in Minority World contexts may not be consistent across contexts, emphasising the need to broaden the EF evidence base. For instance, future studies could incorporate qualitative and ethnographic methods to better capture the cultural and contextual nuances relating to EF, to better inform our statistical and theoretical models.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling Working Memory Capacity: Is the Magical Number Four, Seven, or Does it Depend on What You Are Counting? 工作记忆能力建模：神奇数字是 "四"、"七"，还是取决于你在数什么？

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.387

Sergio Morra, Paola Patella, Lorenzo Muscella

{"title":"Modelling Working Memory Capacity: Is the Magical Number Four, Seven, or Does it Depend on What You Are Counting?","authors":"Sergio Morra, Paola Patella, Lorenzo Muscella","doi":"10.5334/joc.387","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.387","url":null,"abstract":"Limited attentional capacity is essential to working memory. How its limit should be assessed is a debated issue. Five experiments compare Cowan's 4-units and Pascual-Leone's 7-units models of limited working memory capacity, with presentation time and attention to operative schemes as potential explanations of this discrepancy. Experiments 1a-1c used the Compound Stimuli Visual Information (CSVI) task, with long versus brief presentation. Capacity was estimated with the Bose-Einstein model, assuming a different number of attending acts in each condition. Participants' k estimates in both conditions were highly correlated and the means were not different, indicating that the same capacity is assessed in both conditions. Experiments 2 and 3 used the 5000-msec CSVI, and the Visual Array Task (VAT) in two conditions (5000- vs. 120-msec presentation). Capacity in the VAT was estimated with Morey's Bayesian method. Participants' k estimates in both VAT conditions were correlated, but the mean was higher with long presentation, suggesting that the long condition benefits from recoding or chunking. The k estimate in the CSVI correlated with the short VAT and (to a lesser degree in Exp.2) with the long VAT. The mean estimate of k in the CSVI was one unit more than in the short VAT. We conclude that the CSVI and the short VAT tap the same capacity, one unit of which in the short VAT is allocated to an operative scheme; we discuss how Cowan's and Pascual-Leone's views on limited capacity can be reconciled.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0