Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemically engineered fabricated NiOOH/NiO nanospheres with oxygen vacancies for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Zhenwei Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Yushi Ding ,&nbsp;Wenlong Huang ,&nbsp;Yunlong Hao ,&nbsp;Tianlong Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for cost-effective and green hydrogen (H₂) has driven the development of high-performance, low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. Herein, we combine electrodeposition and in-situ electrochemical oxidation to fabricate a novel and low-cost NiOOH/NiO composite structure supported on nickel foam (denoted as NiOOH/NiO(O_v)/NF), featuring a nanosphere structure with oxygen vacancies. The optimized catalyst exhibits an exceptionally low overpotential of 220/290 mV at 20/100 mA cm⁻² without iR correction and is remarkably stable for at least 120 h at 100 mA cm⁻² in 1 M KOH. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that oxygen vacancies in NiO narrow the bandgap, enhance conductivity, reduce intermediate adsorption energy, and accelerate charge transfer through spin polarization, thereby improving OER intrinsic activity. The synergistic coupling of oxygen-deficient NiO with highly active NiOOH species significantly enhances OER performance, while the superhydrophilic/aerophobic surface facilitates rapid bubble detachment and electrolyte contact. This work provides a cost-effective alternative to noble-metal catalysts, demonstrating promising potential for scalable green hydrogen production via water splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136249"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balance on the acidity and oxidizability of the CeOx-CrOx mixed oxide catalyst by modifying WO3 for the catalytic combustion of NH3","authors":"Dong Ye ,&nbsp;Jingyi Feng ,&nbsp;Jiahui Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Ruitang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of WO₃ incorporation on the NH₃ catalytic combustion performance of CeO<em>_x</em>-CrO<em>_x</em> catalysts. The addition of WO₃ was observed to decrease NH₃ oxidation efficiency while enhancing N₂ selectivity, with T₉₀ and N₂ selectivity (at 350 °C) increasing from approximately 239 °C and 60 % to around 290 °C and 92 %, respectively. Characterization studies revealed that the introduction of WO₃ reduced both the quantity and reactivity of Cr⁶⁺ and surface oxygen species, thereby inhibiting the over-oxidation of NH₃ to NO<em>_x</em> and consequently boosting N₂ selectivity. Additionally, the WO₃-modified catalysts developed abundant acid sites, ensuring adequate NH₃ adsorption and partially offsetting the adverse effects of the reduced NH₃ activation. This explains the marginal increase in T₉₀ for the catalysts with W/(Cr + Ce) molar ratios of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8. However, excessive WO₃ loading led to the over-adsorption of NH₃, which interfered with its activation and over-oxidation due to electronic interactions or the obstruction of redox sites. Coupled with a progressively weakened oxidative capacity, these factors significantly hindered NH₃ catalytic combustion reactions and further elevated N₂ selectivity. Therefore, it is concluded that the balance of the catalysts’ acidic and redox properties is crucial for achieving both high NH₃ oxidation efficiency and N₂ selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of coupled effects of CO2 injection on wettability changes in crude oil-adsorbed sandstone","authors":"Yuting He ,&nbsp;Yuetian Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingru Wang ,&nbsp;Rukuan Chai ,&nbsp;Liang Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research uses molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the coupled influences of CO₂ saturation, oil phase composition (N-decane, mixed oil with asphaltenes, and pure asphaltenes), and ion types and concentrations (NaCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂) on the water wettability of SiO₂ surfaces in carbonated water–oil-sandstone systems. The results demonstrate that: under vacuum conditions, increasing CO₂ saturation in carbonated water leads to competition between CO₂ and H₂O molecules for adsorption on SiO₂ surfaces, hindering the formation of hydrogen bonds between water and hydroxyl groups on the SiO₂ surface and reducing water wettability. In contrast, under carbonated water–oil-sandstone environments, higher asphaltene content diminishes water adsorption capacity on the rock surface, leading to a reduced number of adsorbed H₂O molecules, fewer hydrogen bonds, and thus weakened water wettability. However, with increasing CO₂ saturation, dissolved CO₂ uniformly distributes along the oil–water interface, where it perturbs H₂O molecules, enhances their diffusion, and reduces the aggregation of oil molecules on the SiO₂ surface, making H₂O penetrate the oil film and directly contact the SiO₂ surface, thereby increasing hydrogen bond formation and water wettability. Under carbonated saline water–oil environments, divalent cations Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ exert a stronger inhibitory effect on wettability than monovalent cations Na⁺, particularly in high-concentration Ca²⁺ solutions. Although Mg²⁺ reduces H₂O mobility, its strong hydration promotes hydrogen bonding on the SiO₂ surface, resulting in better wettability than Ca²⁺ systems. Consequently, when injecting CO₂ into saline aquifers, targeting reservoirs with lower salt and asphaltene contents is recommended to maximize enhanced oil recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136308"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of asphaltene aggregation and wax crystallization in waxy crude oil under different thermal treatment temperatures","authors":"Haoran Zhu,&nbsp;Guohai Huang,&nbsp;Hanwen Chen,&nbsp;Yun Lei,&nbsp;Haoping Peng,&nbsp;Yuan Sun,&nbsp;Pengfei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal treatment is an important modification method for waxy crude oil, but the mechanism of thermal treatment is not clear at present. In this paper, continental and island asphaltene were selected, and the aggregation of asphaltene and its effect on wax crystallization characteristics at different thermal treatment temperatures were studied based on molecular dynamics simulation. It was found that as the thermal treatment temperature gradually increased from 50 °C to 90 °C, the aggregation state of asphaltene was first dispersed and then aggregated. The change in the aggregation state of asphaltene affected the interaction between asphaltene and wax molecules during the subsequent cooling process. The behavior of asphaltene in wax crystallization is related to factors such as thermal treatment temperature, asphaltene type, asphaltene concentration, and resin concentration. The simulation results show that: (1) When the alkyl side chain structure of asphaltene is similar to that of wax molecules, the alkyl side chains in asphaltene aggregates are easy to co-crystallize with wax molecules through nucleation and eutectic effect. (2) On the surface of wax crystals that have been nucleated, some asphaltene aggregates also tend to adsorb on the surface of wax crystals through adsorption, thereby limiting the further growth of wax crystals. (3) For asphaltene aggregates with larger aggregation scales, they will also hinder the aggregation of wax molecules and the growth of wax crystals through steric hindrance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of dynamic coupling characteristics and multi-constraint optimization of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell considering membrane degradation","authors":"Kui Xu,&nbsp;Liyun Fan,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Chongchong Shen,&nbsp;Zejun Jiang,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance degradation of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system under variable loads is a key issue that restricts the application reliability and economy. This study develops an integrated “thermodynamics − economy” multi-physics coupling framework that quantifies cross-scale interactions among thermal, electrical, gas, and liquid. To resolve the limitations of conventional electrical models, a multi physics field dynamic model is established, revealing dynamic coupling characteristics between operational parameters (load current, temperature, anode humidification) and system performance indicators (membrane water content, system net power, electro-thermal efficiency, operational costs). A multi constraint optimization framework combining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) is proposed to achieve Pareto-optimal solutions for thermodynamic performance (8.91 % net power enhancement) and economic targets (3.63 % cost reduction) under multiple constraints. The CNN component extracts high-dimensional feature correlations from multi-physics simulations, while the MOPSO ensures global search efficiency. Furthermore, a physics-informed membrane degradation model is developed by embedding conductivity decay mechanisms into the multi-physics framework, enabling quantitative comparison of degradation trajectories before/after optimization. The results show that the proposed framework significantly slows membrane degradation (the attenuation of conductivity during 991 h operation was optimized by 10.26 %) through parameter threshold regulation. Finally, the effectiveness of the multi constraint optimization strategy and consideration of membrane degradation in improving the overall performance of the PEMFC system were discussed. This work establishes critical theoretical boundaries for the PEMFC control strategies and provides a data-mechanism fusion methodology for durability system design, demonstrating potential for next-generation long-life fuel cell technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136275"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and mechanism study of cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries in chemical looping gasification","authors":"Junxuan Huang,&nbsp;Yanfen Liao,&nbsp;Shuang Liang,&nbsp;Hailong Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reusing valuable metals from used lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is currently a hot topic in the field of hazardous waste disposal. In this work, the possibility of spent lithium-ion batteries as oxygen carriers was investigated through three treatments of cathode materials at different stages of the recycling process. The results showed that the cathode material possessed abundant lattice oxygen, which substantially contributed to the syngas production. The presence of aluminum foil accelerated the deactivation of the oxygen carrier. The synthesis gas yield of NCM-LA decreased to 693.9 mL/g in the fifth gasification cycle. The prepared de-aluminum material (NCM-L), de-aluminum and de-lithium material (NCM-OA) showed excellent gas production performance with average syngas yields of 961.2 mL/g and 1014.5 mL/g in 15 cycles. NCM-OA had a smaller particle size and possessed the highest lattice oxygen concentration and porosity. After releasing surface lattice oxygen, OCs were reduced to low-valent metals, thereby providing more catalytic sites and enhancing carbon dioxide adsorption. This work proposes a more affordable and eco-friendly approach for the further industrial application of cathode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste-chopped basalt fiber as a high-performance asphalt mixture modifier: Multi-temperature domains performance characterization based on fiber characteristic parameters","authors":"Jun Xu,&nbsp;Aihong Kang,&nbsp;Zhengguang Wu,&nbsp;Changjiang Kou,&nbsp;Yao Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects and mechanisms of waste-chopped basalt fiber (WCBF) with varying characteristic parameters (lengths: 3, 6, 12 mm; diameters: 7, 16, 25 μm) on asphalt mixture (AM) performance across high, medium and low-temperature domains. The primary objective is to establish a quantitative relationship between the characteristic properties (length and diameter) of WCBF and the multi-temperature performance of basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mixture (BFAM), thereby optimizing the fiber characteristic parameters to achieve sustainable pavement applications. Uniaxial dynamic creep tests, direct tensile cyclic fatigue tests, and thermal stress-restrained sample tests were employed to evaluate high-temperature deformation resistance, intermediate-temperature fatigue behavior, and low-temperature crack resistance. Dynamic modulus analysis and equal cross-section theory were further applied to elucidate the synergistic mechanisms. The results indicate that the characteristic parameters of WCBF consistently influence the asphalt mixture across diverse temperature domains. When the fiber diameter remains constant, the performance of BFAM exhibits an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease with increasing fiber length. Conversely, when the fiber length is fixed, a decrease in performance is observed with an increase in fiber diameter. The optimal performance of the asphalt mixture when blended with BF-6-7 was observed across all temperature domains. The characteristic parameters of the fibers directly affect the monofilament dispersion and interfacial adhesion regulated by the specific surface area, the formation of the stress transfer spatial network, and the proportional regulation of the viscoelastic components, which are the main factors affecting the performance of AM. Notably, smaller diameters maximized the cross-sectional moment of inertia, while intermediate lengths balanced fiber-asphalt interactions and defect minimization. This paper reuses waste-chopped basalt fibers by changing their characteristic parameters, and the modification effect and mechanism of fiber characteristic parameters on the performance of asphalt mixtures were studied, providing ideas and technical references for the efficient utilization of WCBF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136284"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-noble metals promoted MOF-derived CuZn catalysts for low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","authors":"Nattanon Threerattanakulpron ,&nbsp;Numphueng Khongtor ,&nbsp;Somsak Supasitmongkol ,&nbsp;Jarosław Serafin ,&nbsp;Somboon Chaemchuen ,&nbsp;Nikom Klomkliang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, CuZn-BTC-derived catalysts were modified with non-noble heterometals Ga, Ti, and Zr via an acidic etching self-assembly approach prior to calcination, yielding a series of heterometal-functionalized catalysts (CZB-Ga, CZB-Ti, and CZB-Zr) for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. A comparative characterization demonstrated that the addition of heterometals significantly improved the catalyst performance compared to the unmodified reference catalyst (CZB). The crystal characteristic of metal species (XRD and XPS) was dispersed on the surface and pore of the catalyst (N₂ physisorption and SEM), establishing correlations between physicochemical properties and catalytic behavior. Furthermore, the chemisorption analysis (N₂O–, H₂–, CO₂-chemisorption, and H₂-TPR analyses) confirmed that heterometal incorporation alters the surface chemical environment and enhances the dispersion of active sites. Among the modified catalysts, CZB-Ti exhibited superior performance under alcohol-assisted low-temperature conditions, achieving the highest CO₂ conversion (77.0 %) and methanol yield (12.2 %) under mild conditions (140–340 °C, 30 bar). The Ti-modified catalyst (CZB-Ti) was found to promote uniform dispersed active sites while concurrently suppressing undesired CO formation under low-temperature conditions. These findings highlight the critical role of non-noble heterometal functionalization in tailoring catalyst properties and enhancing the efficiency of CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediment: Digital core and deep learning application","authors":"Peng Wu,&nbsp;Zhixuan Dong,&nbsp;Shijing Liu,&nbsp;Yanghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Revealing the microstructural characteristics of hydrate-bearing sediment is crucial for understanding reservoir physical properties, yet traditional experimental methods are limited by insufficient resolution and inability to quantify cross-scale correlations between hydrate micro-morphology and macro-properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in digital core technology and deep learning for hydrate-bearing sediment research, focusing on deep learning-driven techniques for image denoising, segmentation, enhancement, and 3D reconstruction, alongside physical property prediction. Therefore, deep learning techniques provide a revolutionary technological pathway for resolving the microstructural evolution of hydrate-bearing sediment and their macroscopic physical properties through intelligent image processing. We systematically evaluate traditional and deep learning-based methods through comparative case studies across diverse sediment types. Deep learning algorithms significantly outperform traditional filters in handling complex noise and segmenting low-contrast multiphase interfaces, while generative adversarial networks enable efficient 3D reconstruction from limited 2D data. However, deep learning-based prediction of macro-properties remains nascent due to challenges in data scarcity and model generalization. This review provides the first holistic synthesis of deep learning applications in hydrate-bearing sediment digital core analysis, highlighting its transformative potential in bridging the critical micro–macro gap—a key frontier for future hydrate resource assessment and exploitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136283"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in green hydrogen production: A comprehensive review of prospects, challenges, and innovations in electrolyzer technologies","authors":"Fatimah Malek Mohsen ,&nbsp;Hamza M Mjbel ,&nbsp;Ali Falih Challoob ,&nbsp;Razan Alkhazaleh ,&nbsp;Ali Alahmer","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global energy demand is projected to grow by 1.3 % annually until 2040, driven by population growth, economic expansion, and technological advancements. Fossil fuels, which currently account for 85 % of global energy consumption, are the primary contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, with over 36 billion tons of CO₂ released annually. In response, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution for decarbonizing energy systems, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Produced through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources, green hydrogen is poised to play a pivotal role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and future prospects of green hydrogen production, focusing on advancements in electrolyzer technologies, including Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM), Alkaline Water Electrolyzers (AWE), and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs). The review highlights key innovations in electrode materials, ultrasonic field applications, machine learning (ML) optimization, and renewable energy integration, which collectively enhance the efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of hydrogen production. Additionally, the economic and environmental implications of hydrogen production methods, categorized by their “color” (green, blue, grey, brown, and black), are critically evaluated. Prominently<strong>,</strong> large-scale initiatives such as HyDeal España, the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project, and H2H Saltend exemplify the global momentum behind green hydrogen deployment. Despite significant progress, challenges such as high costs, material durability, and the intermittency of renewable energy sources remain barriers to widespread adoption. This review highlights the importance of continued research and development, supportive policies, and technological breakthroughs to overcome these challenges and accelerate the global transition to a hydrogen-based energy economy. By addressing these issues, green hydrogen can become a cornerstone of sustainable energy systems, contributing to climate change mitigation and energy security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"404 ","pages":"Article 136251"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}