Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Overview of the triple attributes and their connections of coal gasification slag in China: resources, materials, and environment","authors":"Xinyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Ke Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang He ,&nbsp;Lianfu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large amount of coal gasification slag (CGS) is piled up or landfilled on the ground, causing serious resource waste and environmental risks. The green reuse of CGS is highly concerned. To fully understand the attribute research and utilization status of CGS, this study quantitatively characterizes the resource attribute of CGS, summarizes the material attributes corresponding to resource attributes, and evaluates the environmental attributes of CGS, and finally analyzes the correlation between the environmental attributes and resource attributes, material attributes of CGS. Research showed that coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) and coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) exhibit general differences and significant resource attribute in particle size, pore parameters, residual carbon and ash content, chemical composition, and rare earth element (REE) concentration. Based on these resource attributes, CGS can be synergistically utilized for the preparation and development of materials with specific functions and uses, achieving high-value and circular utilization. However, this process is constrained by the environmental attributes. Individual heavy metals in some CGS have varying degrees of environmental risks. There is a correlation between resource attributes and environmental attributes, especially the significant correlation between carbon content, particle size, and heavy metal content, leaching concentration. In the future, gradation and classification utilization of CGS with technical efficiency, economically feasible, and environmentally friendly is a potential development direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135646"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of radiative and energy conversion for ammonia/hydrogen-air premixed flame in a planar micro-combustor","authors":"Zhongnong Zhang ,&nbsp;Nimeti Kalaycı ,&nbsp;Chun Lou ,&nbsp;Weihua Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we carry out a systemic theoretical analysis, based on the second law thermodynamics, of an NH₃/H₂-air premixed flame in a planar micro-combustor to investigate the mechanism of combustion and to evaluate the combustion efficiency. The combustion process in a 3D planar micro-combustor is simulated numerically, and based on the numerical results, various entropy generation rates and exergy flux rates are calculated. In the entropy generation analysis, the chemical entropy generation rate is used to reduce the chemical mechanism and to evaluate the influence of various chemical pathways and substances. The relationships between the morphological characteristics of the flames, including their locations, the spans and shapes of the flame surfaces, and the generation of chemical entropy, are investigated. In the exergy analysis, the distributions of the chemical exergy flux rate, thermomechanical exergy flux rate and radiative exergy flux rate are given. The efficiencies of energy conversion (chemical to thermomechanical, and thermodynamic to radiation) are calculated for the various stages. For thermal radiation in flames, the transfer process of the radiative exergy in NH₃/H₂ premixed flames is studied, and the spectral characteristics of the radiative exergy emitted by the flames are analysed. The results indicate that the irreversibility of the chemical reaction produces an entropy generation rate of 40–67.5%, which is the main source of entropy generation for NH₃/H₂ premixed flames. NH₂ is an important substance in terms of the chemical reaction in the combustion process of NH₃. At equivalence ratios of 1.0, 0.9 and 0.8, the values of the influence factor for NH₂ reach 0.353, 0.367 and 0.273, respectively, which are the highest for all nitrogen-containing substances. The thermodynamic-to-radiation conversion efficiency (20–30%) is lower than the chemical-to-thermomechanical conversion efficiency (approximately 75%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135734"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview and perspective of solar photovoltaic-green hydrogen production system","authors":"Ali O.M. Maka ,&nbsp;Tarik Ghalut","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photovoltaic-hydrogen systems constitute one of the emerging themes in the field of energy generation from renewable sources. It can contribute to global energy decarbonisation and help to achieve net-zero emissions as it is an environmentally friendly energy technology. Thus, the system’s technology is anticipated to keep growing, enhancing effectiveness and efficiency. A solar photovoltaic-green hydrogen (SPV-GH) system is a method that is utilised to produce hydrogen (H₂). Hence, based on a water electrolysis system that uses electrolysers to produce green hydrogen. The approach depends on producing electricity by photovoltaic (PV) modules and is utilised to split water molecules into hydrogen fuels and oxygen. In this regard, it’s important to mention that the common electrolysis techniques are (i) proton exchange membrane electrolysis, (ii) alkaline electrolysis, (iii) anion exchange membrane electrolysis and (iv) solid oxide electrolysis. Therefore, there are many usages for the hydrogen produced via the solar photovoltaic-hydrogen system, including, but not limited to, transportation, cooling, heating, power generation, etc. This work presented an overview of the technology for producing green hydrogen by incorporating a solar photovoltaic system. Besides, this review work gives important insight into application technology development, which will better understand the performance behaviours of the solar photovoltaic-hydrogen system. Notably, it succinctly summarises the progress of developing green hydrogen produced by solar PV technology. Ultimately, this paper thoroughly delves into the review and draws detailed future perspectives based on the critical analysis of the systematic review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135760"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proxy-based workflow for screening and optimizing cyclic CO2 injection in shale reservoirs","authors":"Ming Ma,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Hamid Emami-Meybodi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing cyclic CO₂ injection (CO₂ HnP) in shale reservoirs is challenging due to the numerous variables in the system, which exhibit complex coupling effects on the final hydrocarbon recovery. A workflow combining a multicomponent species transport model and a proxy model is proposed to identify suitable target blocks and optimize CO₂ HnP operational parameters for maximizing cumulative oil production. A single-well CO₂ HnP compositional simulation is developed based on a multiphase, multicomponent species transport model. This model accounts for key transport mechanisms such as viscous flow, molecular diffusion, and Knudsen diffusion in shale reservoirs. Least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) is used as a proxy for the simulation model to reduce computational costs in subsequent optimization processes. The optimal combination of operational parameters, as well as reservoir rock and fluid properties, is investigated to maximize oil recovery. Finally, the LS-SVM proxy model is integrated with a genetic algorithm to perform robust optimization. The Results and Discussion section presents three optimization scenarios derived from baseline parameters of the Eagle Ford shale reservoir, progressively incorporating more variables. The LS-SVM proxy model demonstrates its high predictive accuracy with a small training dataset, outperforming three alternative approaches: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Genetic Algorithm-optimized Back Propagation (GA-BP) neural networks, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). A thorough optimization process is crucial to achieve higher oil recovery, potentially increasing CO₂ HnP recovery from 11.64 % to 19.13 % through the design of operational parameters. The findings also indicate that a larger volume of injected CO₂ leads to greater enhanced oil recovery by enabling deeper penetration into the reservoir and more effective mixing with crude oil. Furthermore, deep reservoirs containing low gas–oil ratio black oil are especially favorable for cyclic CO₂ HnP, as the injected CO₂ substantially enhances oil swelling and improves production potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative kinetic study on the formation of small hydrocarbons in fuel-rich oxidation of C6–C8 aromatics","authors":"Shunsuke Suzuki ,&nbsp;Akira Matsugi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the main components contained in real fuels and play an important role in their combustion. Although there are many aromatic structures depending on the length and number of the carbon side chains, it is still insufficient to systematically study the reactivity of various aromatics with different structures. In order to unravel the reaction pathways into the small hydrocarbons during combustion of various aromatics, fuel-rich oxidation of four types of C₆–C₈ aromatics, namely, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene, was investigated in an atmospheric-pressure flow reactor at mean gas temperatures from 1000 to 1350 K, equivalence ratio of 9.0, and residence time of 1.2 s. The mole fractions of small hydrocarbons from C₁ to C₇ produced from these aromatics were experimentally quantified using gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. A kinetic model that includes the reaction mechanism of four types of aromatics was developed based on our previous model. In order to reproduce the experimental data, we revised the model through adding new species/reactions and updating the reaction rate coefficients. The refined model could satisfactorily reproduce not only the present measured data but also various experimental results by other groups. The main consumption pathways of these aromatics were analyzed through the developed model in order to unravel the reaction pathways leading to the small hydrocarbons. Kinetic analysis indicated that the predominant formation pathways of C₁–C₂ species strongly depended on the fuels, while those of C₃–C₅ products were similar with each other. C₃–C₅ products were primarily produced via the reaction pathway involving benzene and phenyl. Because all four fuels used here abundantly produced benzene and phenyl, the main formation pathway of these products was found to be insensitive to the fuels. Conversely, since the chemical structures of the fuels, namely the number and length of carbon chains, strongly affected their consumption pathways, especially the early-stage reactions, the formation pathways of C₁–C₂ species were fuel dependent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135732"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assembled 2D/2D Z-scheme heterojunction of NiAl-LDH/protonated g-C3N4 on conductive 2D V2C MXene for high-performance solar-driven photocatalytic CO2 to fuel conversion","authors":"Azmat Ali Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Tahir","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to fuels has been contemplated as a possible way to lessen the energy and environmental dilemmas. In this work, highly conductive vanadium carbide (V₂C) MXene was coupled with protonated carbon nitride (PCN) and nickel-aluminum-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) to construct a 2D/2D/2D NiAl-LDH/V₂C/PCN Z-scheme heterojunction. The photoactivity of 2D/2D/2D NiAl-LDH/V₂C/PCN nanocomposite for the generation of CO and CH₄ attained 33.57 and 4.46 µmoles in 4 h, respectively. The photocatalytic performance for CO was 4.36 and 3.29 folds as compared to NiAl-LDH and g-C₃N₄ respectively. For CH₄ the photoactivity was 3.07 and 2.69 times greater as compared to NiAl-LDH and g-C₃N₄ respectively. PCN provides abundant protons, a high specific surface area, and efficient charge carrier separation, facilitating enhanced surface reactions. V₂C MXene acts as a conductive substrate supporting the dispersion of PCN and NiAl-LDH, serving as an electron reservoir for efficient charge separation and offering numerous active sites to boost photocatalytic CO₂ reduction under light irradiation. NiAl-LDH, when hybridized with PCN, forms robust interfacial contacts, enabling efficient heterojunction formation, superior charge transport, and high surface CO₂ availability. The improved visible light response range, rapid formation and effective separation of the generated charge carriers, and increased reactants adsorption capacity were attributed to the 2D/2D/2D NiAl-LDH/V₂C/PCN composite’s increased photocatalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135692"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step synthesis of MgO-MnO loaded N-doped carbon aerogel for ultrahigh low-temperature H2S desulfurization","authors":"Yaoqi Huang ,&nbsp;Yanxu Wang ,&nbsp;Lingwen Song ,&nbsp;Yi Yuan ,&nbsp;Shaojun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a hazardous and malodorous pollutant with severe environmental and health impacts. A promising approach for H₂S removal involves coupling adsorption with low-temperature catalytic oxidation using alkaline metal oxide-loaded carbon-based materials. However, the effectiveness of these materials is often limited by pore blockage caused by metal oxides and desulfurization byproducts. N-doped carbon aerogels offer a solution to this issue due to their large specific surface area and well-developed pore structure. In this study, a novel MgO-MnO-loaded N-doped carbon aerogel (MgO-MnO/NC) was synthesized by one-step high-temperature pyrolysis of cellulose-based aerogel precursor for highly efficient low-temperature H₂S desulfurization. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and metal oxide loading on H₂S removal efficiency was systematically investigated. The optimized MgO-MnO/NC-600–0.3 (where 600 represents the pyrolysis temperature and 0.3 denotes the mass ratio of metal salts to cellulose) exhibited outstanding H₂S removal performance, achieving an ultrahigh desulfurization capacity of 1696 mg/g. The desulfurization conditions, such as O₂ content and relative humidity, were found to play a crucial role in the H₂S removal process. In situ DRIFTS and XPS analyses revealed a synergistic mechanism of reactive adsorption and catalytic oxidation on the MgO-MnO/NC surface. The desulfurization products were identified as sulfur, sulfate and metal sulfide (MgS and MnS). This study not only proposes a feasible strategy for fabricating biomass-derived aerogel carbon, but also offers valuable insights into the catalytic oxidation of H₂S for enhancing the desulfurization performance of N-doped carbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process-level insights into membrane reactors for renewable methanol synthesis: evaluation, optimization, and recommendations","authors":"Zhenyu Du,&nbsp;Tianwei Wu,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanol synthesis, limited by thermodynamic equilibrium, can benefit from membrane reactors (MRs) that integrate selective membranes to remove reaction products, thereby enhancing efficiency. However, most studies focus on device-level characteristics, overlooking the impact of feed conditions—especially pressure—and product distillation on overall performance. This study develops a comprehensive system for renewable methanol production, starting from electrolytic hydrogen and captured CO₂, and incorporates a detailed MR model. With advanced membrane, the process CO₂ conversion reaches 96.04 % with an exergy efficiency of 90.28 %. The in-situ water separation within the reactor enables MRs to significantly reduce thermal consumption for product distillation by up to over 13 %. Hence, thermal self-sufficiency can be achieved through effective heat integration strategies with MRs, even at lower pressures of 40 bar. CO₂ is proposed as the sweep gas instead of hydrogen, preventing pressure exergy losses from hydrogen depressurization and reducing power consumption by up to 47.46 % at moderate sweep gas flow rates. Process evaluations indicate that, with current membrane technology, MR-based approaches are competitive for both large-scale and decentralized methanol synthesis. Increasing membrane selectivity further boosts MR performance. When selectivity reaches 1000, system power consumption can decrease by 24.50 % in large-scale synthesis system, while thermal consumption drops by 35.75 % in pressure-constrained decentralized systems. This work offers valuable insights for the development and industrial application of membrane reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135744"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of EAF dust-loaded rice straw biochar as the EAF foaming agent: Study on physicochemical properties and reduction behavior with slag","authors":"Chengjin Han ,&nbsp;Guangsheng Wei ,&nbsp;Qisheng Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process, the low utilization rate of injected biochar hinders its industrial-scale application. This study proposes a method to prepare high density and reactivity modified rice straw biochar (D-CSC) by co-pyrolyzing rice straw with EAF dust as solid waste. Additionally, the study compares and analyzes the physicochemical properties and reduction behavior with slag between rice straw biochar (CSC) and D-CSC. The results indicate that the EAF dust acts as a catalyst during pyrolysis, promoting the formation of alcohols and alkanes and increasing the biochar yield. Compared to the CSC, the D-CSC exhibits higher density, roughness, and reactivity, with less graphitization. Furthermore, throughout the reduction process with slag, the reduction rate of the D-CSC is consistently higher than that of the CSC. The research results will provide a new technological pathway for green, low-carbon, high-efficiency and low-cost production in EAF steelmaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135710"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reed pyrolysis system using multi-stage quench scheme for furfural and chemical production: Process analysis and life cycle assessment","authors":"Juntian Xu ,&nbsp;Hongmin Pan ,&nbsp;Shaomin Zhou ,&nbsp;Lan Haijin ,&nbsp;Lulu Zhan ,&nbsp;Saige Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Yulong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an efficient utilization strategy for reed pyrolysis products, focusing on furfural as the primary product, along with acetic acid, wood vinegar, and phenol-rich oil. Based on this, the Energy-Integration Resource Utilization (EIRU) process, which incorporates a multi-stage quenching method, is developed. This process effectively removes most water from the main organic compounds during condensation by harnessing the internal heat of the high-temperature pyrolysis product stream from the reactor. Compared to conventional pyrolysis process, the EIRU can reduce energy consumption by 50 %. Life cycle assessment reveals that the EIRU process significantly reduces key environmental impact factors, including 90.15 kg CO2 eq. reduction in Global Warming Potential (GWP), 22.95 kg 1,4-DB eq. reduction in Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), and 1.86 kg Sb eq. reduction in Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP). Additionally, the EIRU process yields a profit of 151.69 USD/ton, which is 14.81 USD/ton higher than the conventional process. This study highlights the superior environmental and economic performance of the EIRU process, positioning it as a more sustainable and profitable solution for reed pyrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135708"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}