Fuel最新文献

{"title":"3D-CFD-Based optimization of piston Geometry, injector nozzle Design, and injection strategy for the alternative diesel fuel Oxymethylene ether (OME)","authors":"Andreas Zepf ,&nbsp;Alexander D. Gelner ,&nbsp;Martin Härtl ,&nbsp;Malte Jaensch","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) represent a promising alternative to conventional diesel fuels, offering carbon–neutral mobility and soot-free combustion due to the absence of carbon–carbon bonds. This prevents the soot-NO_x trade-off. Moreover, an OME-adapted and optimized combustion process offers the opportunity to improve engine efficiency while simultaneously reducing NO_x emissions, thus addressing the existing efficiency-NO_x trade-off. Realizing this potential necessitates tailoring the mixture preparation and combustion process to the unique characteristics of OME. This study explores the optimization of piston geometry, injector nozzle design, and injection strategies to leverage OME’s unique properties for improved engine performance. Using 3D-CFD simulations with the CONVERGE software, key parameters such as nozzle diameter, spray angle, and piston bowl shape are analyzed for their impact on efficiency and emissions. The results highlight that wider piston bowl geometries enhance indicated efficiency, while larger nozzle diameters improve combustion efficiency due to reduced combustion durations. Smaller spray angles effectively lower NO_x emissions but introduce challenges such as piston wetting and localized temperature peaks. The study also confirms that pilot injection does not benefit OME operation, simplifying injection system requirements. These findings underline the need for tailored engine designs to fully exploit OME’s potential as a sustainable fuel. The proposed configurations pave the way for further experimental validation and practical implementation in internal combustion engines, contributing to the global transition toward low-carbon transport systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 136995"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating catalytic conversion of stearic acid to biofuels over Ni, Ag, Ti, and W supported date seed biochar under sub and supercritical conditions","authors":"Basem Al Alwan ,&nbsp;Rahaf Mashaan Alharbi ,&nbsp;Khursheed B. Ansari ,&nbsp;Mohammed K. Al Mesfer ,&nbsp;Abubakr Elkhaleefa ,&nbsp;Mumtaj Shah ,&nbsp;Mohd Danish ,&nbsp;Taher Sahlabji","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel catalytic approach for converting stearic acid into biofuels using mono (Ni) and bimetallic catalysts (Ni-Ag, Ni-Ti, Ni–W) supported on date seed-derived biochar, a sustainable and cost-effective biomass waste. The reactions were carried out in a mini-reactor between 350 – 450 °C under subcritical and supercritical water conditions, without the use of hydrogen or alcohol. Catalysts were prepared via wet impregnation and characterized using BET, SEM, EDAX, and FTIR techniques. Among the catalysts, Ni-Ag/biochar achieved the highest conversion (90 %), followed by Ni–W/biochar (88 %), Ni/biochar (87 %), and Ni-Ti/biochar (80 %). Notably, product selectivity varied with temperature and catalyst composition: Temperature between 300 °C – 400 °C mainly produced unsaturated acids with minor esters, under all catalysts, through decarboxylation, esterification, and cracking reactions. Increasing the reaction temperature (at 450 °C) and changeover to supercritical water conditions enabled deeper transformations of stearic acid, generating aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and FAME via decarboxylation, esterification, cyclization, epoxidation, and thermal cracking, particularly evident with Ni/biochar, Ni-Ti/biochar, and Ni-Ag/biochar. The Ni/biochar was found to be the best catalyst in producing biofuels (i.e., hydrocarbons and esters) from stearic acid, followed by Ni-Ti/biochar, and Ni-Ag/biochar. Conversely, Ni–W/biochar predominantly produced unsaturated acids from stearic acid in all temperature ranges, suggesting its inapplicability in converting stearic acid into biofuels. Thus, the work introduces a green, hydrogen-free route for biofuel production and represents the first use of date seed biochar as a catalyst support for stearic acid upgrading, offering a sustainable route for waste valorization and renewable energy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137014"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning e-fuel selectivity in sorption-enhanced CO2 hydrogenation over In2O3/ZrO2: The effect of LTA and FAU zeolites","authors":"R. González-Pizarro ,&nbsp;R. Calero-Berrocal ,&nbsp;J. Lasobras ,&nbsp;S. Renda ,&nbsp;M.R. Rodríguez-Pardo ,&nbsp;J. Soler ,&nbsp;M. Menéndez ,&nbsp;J. Herguido","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The e-fuels synthesis <em>via</em> CO₂ hydrogenation and the Sorption Enhanced Reaction technology are captivating strategies for CO₂ utilization and the integration of renewable energy sources. This study focuses on enhancing the conversion of CO₂ over an In₂O₃/ZrO₂ catalyst by incorporating LTA zeolites (3A and 4A) and a FAU zeolite (13X). Key operational parameters, such as temperature (<em>T</em>), Gas Hour Space Velocity (<em>GHSV</em>), type of zeolite, and Zeolite: Catalyst mass ratio (<em>Z/C</em>), were systematically varied. LTA zeolites (3A and 4A) provided the highest CO₂ conversions. The introduction of a water-adsorbing solid into the reactor significantly altered the products yield and selectivity. While the selectivity towards CH₄, CH₃OH, and C₂H₆O appeared to lay on the type of zeolite, the selectivity towards CO remained unaffected. Zeolite 3A demonstrated the greatest enhancement in selectivity towards CH₄ and CH₃OH, whereas the synthesis of C₂H₆O was favored by zeolites 4A and 13X. The Zeolite:Catalyst mass ratio also played a crucial role in process performance, influencing both CO₂ conversion and product selectivity. Increasing this ratio improved CO₂ conversion and reduced CO selectivity under all operating conditions, while CH₄ selectivity increased. However, the selectivity toward CH₃OH and C₂H₆O exhibited an anomalous and complementary behavior. While a maximum was observed for DME, a minimum was registered in methanol production, suggesting a dependency of the dehydration reaction kinetics on the amount of water produced during the reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 136974"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green chemistry advancement in methane storage: revealing the role of amino acid types and side chain characteristics in the formation and decomposition of methane hydrates","authors":"Chengzhuo Li ,&nbsp;Wanqing Wu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Guo ,&nbsp;Thanh Van Pham ,&nbsp;Qinggong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane hydrate (MH) plays a crucial role in energy storage, but its slow formation kinetics limits its wide application. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of six amino acids on the formation and dissociation kinetics of MH were deeply investigated around the hydrophobicity and side-chain characteristics of amino acids. The results showed that hydrophilic amino acids could not promote MH formation due to their strong interaction with H₂O. On the contrary, hydrophobic amino acids could effectively promote MH formation, but their effects were affected by side-chain characteristics and concentration. In particular, methionine and phenylalanine showed the most significant promotion, with 0.5 wt% phenylalanine having a gas storage capacity of 143.02 V/V, attributed to the benzene ring structure on its side chain. Moreover, the induction time of methionine and tryptophan initially increased and then decreased with increased concentration, while the opposite trend were observed for isoleucine and phenylalanine. This phenomenon was explained by hydrophobic effects and side-chain characteristics. In terms of MH dissociation, an innovative combination of infrared thermal imaging techniques revealed similarities in the dissociation patterns of hydrophobic amino acids, but differences existed in the main dissociation stages, which were concentrated within 20–120 min and 20–60 min after thermal stimulation, respectively. This difference was mainly due to the differences in intermolecular force between side-chain structure and H₂O and steric hindrance. Three consecutive experiments on the formation and dissociation of MH confirmed that methionine was better than phenylalanine in terms of stability and there was no foaming in the whole dissociation process. This study provides important theoretical support for the application of amino acids in MH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137032"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of combustion duration on combustion behavior, pollutant formation and residual gas ratio in a propane-fueled spark-ignition engine under varying load regimes","authors":"Quach Nhu Y ,&nbsp;Ocktaeck Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the influence of combustion duration on combustion characteristics, emissions, and residual gas in a propane-fueled spark ignition engine under varying load conditions (25%, 50%, and 100%). Utilizing a two-cylinder engine equipped with a control dynamometer and supported by simulations conducted with AVL-Boost software, the study explores combustion durations ranging from 40 to 80 degrees crank angle. The study integrates simulation and experimental methods to address challenges in measuring key parameters such as residual gas and effective release energy under different conditions. Moreover, key performance metrics, including effective release energy, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), were systematically analyzed. The results reveal that combustion duration significantly impacts engine performance and emissions, with longer durations improving combustion efficiency at lower loads but increasing BSEC. Residual gas ratio (RGR) varied more prominently at higher loads, indicating its strong interdependence with combustion characteristics. Optimal combustion durations were identified for each load, balancing performance and emissions. At lower loads, longer combustion durations reduced HC and CO emissions but exhibited fluctuations in NOx emissions. Conversely, at higher loads, shorter combustion durations were more effective in minimizing emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137024"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste lubricating oil valorization via NaOH-Catalyzed Cracking: A resource recovery approach for cleaner fuel production","authors":"Wahyu Purwanta ,&nbsp;Manis Yuliani ,&nbsp;Wiharja Wiharja ,&nbsp;Naufal Riadhi Yusuf ,&nbsp;Herlian Eriska Putra ,&nbsp;Irhan Febijanto ,&nbsp;Djoko Wiyono ,&nbsp;Denny Fardhan ,&nbsp;Risma Regiyanti ,&nbsp;Fatona Waluya ,&nbsp;Salma Junika Alifani ,&nbsp;Sri Andini","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste lubricating oil (WLO), an environmental hazard yet a recoverable resource, was converted to diesel-like fuel using continuous catalytic cracking with 48 % (w/w) NaOH as a base catalyst, differing from conventional acid-catalyzed methods. Post-treatment with activated bentonite effectively removed residual water, polar impurities, and color. The system—involving dehydration, atmospheric distillation, catalytic cracking (300–350 °C), condensation, and separation—achieved a 71.2 % (v/v) fuel yield. Reactor thermal profiling revealed distinct heating/dehydration, minor hydrocarbon cracking, and diesel-range hydrocarbon production zones. This approach shows significant promise for sustainable WLO valorization and reduced environmental impact. However, further fuel characterization (e.g., sulfur, cetane number) and process optimization are advised. This study advances sustainable WLO management and resource recovery within a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137039"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on the atomization and combustion behaviors of gel fuel containing spherical and flake aluminum particles under shock wave loading","authors":"Guibiao He,&nbsp;Shanxue Ma,&nbsp;Jian Li,&nbsp;Saichao Song,&nbsp;Yaning Li,&nbsp;Boliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallized gel fuels have emerged as a promising solution to meet the urgent demand for higher performance fuels in advanced aerospace vehicles, due to their significant improvement in the main combustion performance and safety characteristics compared with conventional liquid fuels. In this study, a comparative investigation of the atomization, ignition, and combustion behaviors of gel fuels containing spherical and flake aluminum particles was performed under shock wave loading. A high-speed video camera was employed to observe the dynamic behaviors of these gel fuels under the effect of shock wave, while pressure was measured by the pressure transducers. The results showed that the gel fuel containing spherical aluminum particles exhibited easier atomization under the effects of shock wave than gel fuel containing flake aluminum particles. Identical critical shock wave intensity for igniting the gel fuels containing spherical and flake aluminum particles was observed, measured at Ma 3.06. The ignition delay time of both gel fuels decreased with shock intensity increasing, but the ignition delay time of gel fuel containing flake aluminum particles showed a more significant pressure-dependent behavior. Compared with gel fuel with flake aluminum particles, the combustion duration of gel fuel containing spherical aluminum particles was generally longer and exhibited a stronger dependence on the shock wave intensity. This study offers new insights into the atomization behaviors and combustion mechanism of aluminum-containing gel fuel, and the findings can serve as a valuable reference for the design and practical application of gel fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 136971"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deactivation features of CaO-based sorbents during coal-assisted calcination under fluidization states","authors":"Pengjie Kong ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yunbo Hu ,&nbsp;Ruichang Xu ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Rongyue Sun ,&nbsp;Zijian Zhou ,&nbsp;Jian Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal combustion is a typical heat source for regenerating CaO-based CO₂ sorbents in Calcium Looping (CaL) systems. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying coal combustion’s impact on CaO-based sorbents within fluidized bed calciners, as well as the extent of this impact, remain unclear. In this work, calcination of CaO-based sorbent pellets was carried out using coal combustion as the heat source in a fluidized-bed reactor, and the deactivation mechanisms of the sorbent pellets were explored in detail. The results reveal that sorbent pellet deactivation is significantly accelerated not only by the high temperatures from combustion heat but also by the interaction between coal-derived elements and CaO. Notably, due to enhanced gas–solid mass transfer, SO₂ released during coal combustion has a more pronounced effect on the sorbents compared to coal ash-derived Al/Si impurities. Furthermore, with the increase in fuel particle size, the impact of the fuel on the sorbent exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The results of multi-cycle testing demonstrate that the CO₂ sorption capacity of inert stabilizer-supported sorbents decreases progressively, falling to less than 0.1 g/g after 9 cycles of calcination via coal combustion. The performance degradation is mainly due to thermal sintering-induced pore occlusion, sulfation, and ash permeation—factors that collectively render coal combustion a non-ideal heat source for CaL systems, given its failure to guarantee effective CO₂ capture or continuous system operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137008"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of coal dust characteristics: correlation between grinding degree, functional group contents, and wettability","authors":"Qun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuqi Qiu ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yiding Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wettability of coal dust with different particle sizes varied significantly in underground coal mines. To analyze the chemical reasons in the wettability differences of coal dust (from the same coal sample) with various particle sizes, this paper investigated the changes of functional group structures and surface electrochemical properties under different grinding degrees based on the infrared spectroscopy, XPS, and surface potential experiment. Experimental results exhibited that with the increase of grinding degrees, the functional group peak positions remained unaffected by grinding degrees, but their peak values were remarkably changed, i.e. the contents of aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic nucleus were significantly increased while the contents of −C=O and –C–O– remarkably decreased. The content changes of functional groups were also quantitatively confirmed through XPS experiments, which was showed that with the increase of grinding degrees, the content of hydrophilic functional groups decreased significantly, while the content of hydrophobic functional groups increased. Additionally, the surface charge of coal dust also exhibited an elevated trend with the grinding degree increased, reducing the agglomeration possibility among dust particles. From the contact angle experiments, it was found that the wettability of coal dust with smaller size was poorer, due to the increased hydrophobic group content. The above conclusion would provide some information for optimizing the wetting property of the dust suppression solution, further achieving a better matching relationship between the dust suppression solution and coal dust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 136993"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effect of vertical cooling furnace body structure on material motion behavior using experimental and numerical simulation","authors":"Shuo Wang,&nbsp;Baokuan Li,&nbsp;Wenjie Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the operation of the vertical cooling furnace, material segregation and flow stagnation zone frequently occur due to the influence of the furnace structure. To study in depth the impact of furnace structure on the motion behavior of the material, this work combines experimental and numerical simulation methods to analyze the flow pattern, distribution characteristic, and void fraction distribution of the material in four different furnace structures. The findings show that the shape of the furnace wall has a more significant effect on the flow pattern and distribution of the material. In contrast, the structure of the air hood has a greater impact on the material void fraction. Under the same feeding condition, the curved-wall furnace effectively reduces the flow stagnation zone compared with the straight-wall furnace, and the material flow is more uniform. The double hood design can greatly increase the void fraction of the bottom material compared to the single hood, thereby improving the air permeability of the bottom material. The findings of this work provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization of the vertical cooling furnace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 137028"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}