Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the ignition, combustion, and propulsion performances of Al/CuO-based energetic materials incorporating with fullerene and carbon black particles","authors":"Abdul Basyir ,&nbsp;Ho Sung Kim ,&nbsp;Jung Keun Cha ,&nbsp;Soo Hyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of incorporating fullerene (C₆₀) and carbon black (CB) particles into Al/CuO-based energetic materials (EMs) to enhance their ignition, combustion, and propulsion performances. EMs require high energy densities and rapid ignition characteristics for use as fuel in small projectiles. The systematic results indicated that the influences of C₆₀ and CB on the combustion performances of the EMs varied depending on their respective ratios. The optimal amounts of C₆₀ and CB enhanced the thermal properties of the Al/CuO-based EMs, increasing the levels of total heat energy release and subsequently accelerating the burn rates. The optimal carbon material (CM) ratio of approximately 1 wt% enhanced the handling safeties, burn rates, and explosion pressures of the Al/CuO-based EMs. CB addition resulted in larger improvements in the ignition and combustion performances than C₆₀ addition owing to the superior thermal conductivity and excellent dispersibility of CB. Furthermore, propulsion studies revealed that the optimal amount of CMs (approximately 1 wt%) improved the propulsion performance of the EMs, indicating the potential of CMs for use as effective control agents in projectile propulsion. However, excessive CM contents (&gt;1 wt%) within the EMs hindered the aluminothermic reaction between Al and CuO, leading to decreases in the combustion performances. This study presents a novel approach for optimizing the combustion performances of EMs using CMs as effective additives, serving as a valuable foundation for the future application of small projectiles and energetic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134688"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the ash fusion characteristics of Zhundong iron-rich coal with different densities under complex atmospheres","authors":"Shihai Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Wei ,&nbsp;Kunpeng Liu ,&nbsp;Lijuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jianjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Lingxue Kong ,&nbsp;Hong Yao ,&nbsp;Xian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the gasification process of Zhundong iron-rich coal, particles with different characteristics are deposited at different positions on the wall. Affected by the chemical composition and the atmosphere, there are significant differences in the fusion characteristics of ash particles at different positions on the wall. The Zhundong iron-rich coal was separated into samples with varying densities, and the ash fusion temperatures for each sample were measured under different atmospheres. The results indicated that as the density of the coal samples increased from less than 1.4 g/cm³ to greater than 1.5 g/cm³, the content of Fe₂O₃ in the coal ash rose from 5.33 % to 33.79 %. Compared with the oxidizing atmosphere, the ash fusion temperatures decreased in the weakly reducing atmosphere, and the decreasing trend becomes more obvious as the density increased. The ash FT of coal greater than 1.5 g/cm³ decreased abruptly from 1304 °C to 1059 °C, while that of coal less than 1.4 g/cm³ decreased only from 1258 °C to 1229 °C. FactSage calculations showed that the liquid phase content in high-temperature ash under oxidizing atmosphere decreased with increasing density. Under reducing atmospheres, the liquid phase content in high-temperature ash of different density fractions decreased with increasing CO content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134664"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effects of three fungi on active microstructure in the oxidation process of lignite coal","authors":"Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Yi ,&nbsp;Jun Deng ,&nbsp;Yang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the effect of microorganisms derived from coal on the natural oxidation process of coal. Three fungi strain were isolated from the Shengli lignite in Inner Mongolia, China. After two rounds of domestication, these strains were separately reacted to coal. Results indicate that microorganisms have a reduction in S content was observed. The influence of the Penicillium chrysogenum strain on the contents of N, O, Al and S was particularly notable. The experimental microorganisms contributed to a decrement in the peak area of OH–O and the content of oxygenated functional groups. Specifically, the Aspergillusustus strain eliminated the vibration peak of C=O in coal. The impact of microorganisms on methylene and methyl was crucial, but it did not alter the dominance of methylene in fatty hydrocarbons. The characteristic temperatures and endothermic heat of the coal increased. The Bjerkandera adusta strain resulted in a reduction of 25.17 J/mg in the early-stage endothermic heat and 42.62 J/mg in the slow exothermic stage heat release. Microorganisms can increase the activation energy of coal and delay the development of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC). The findings offer a theoretical basis for exploring the impact of microorganisms on CSC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134647"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process design and optimization on upgrading and utilization of ultra-high-quality oil shale by pyrolysis","authors":"Yixiang Shu ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Hanlin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ao Zhou ,&nbsp;Su Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaochen Shi ,&nbsp;Zhongfa Hu ,&nbsp;Xuebin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nantun (NT) oil shale of ultra-high oil yield (&gt;30 %) is rare in the world, while the utilization of this kind of oil shale is not widely reported. A fixed-bed furnace pyrolysis experiment was carried out on an ultra-high-grade oil shale from Nantun (NT), Shandong Province, China, and its pyrolysis products yields and compositions were analyzed. A self-sustaining upgrading process is proposed to utilize this oil shale, and the process is simulated by Aspen Plus. The impact of the operational parameters of the system on the process and self-sustaining conditions of the process were estimated. The simulation reveals that the oil burning ratio have a significant impact on the system’s flexibility, production of oil and char, and energy self-sustainment. The recommended pyrolysis temperature of the process is 500 °C, with a char yield of 61 % and an oil yield of 29 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134675"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into understanding the effect of water content on proton exchange membrane fuel cell output power","authors":"Gang Wu ,&nbsp;JianGong Wei ,&nbsp;Yanfu Yao ,&nbsp;Yangyang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water content plays a crucial role in achieving high output power for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) because it governs the conduction of H⁺ ions, as established in existing literature. However, the distribution of ionomer within the catalyst layer significantly impacts PEMFC performance, and this distribution is closely related to water content. Consequently, water content may influence PEMFC performance by altering ionomer distribution. Experimental results indicate that water content has a substantial effect on the charge transfer resistance (Rct); when the relative humidity (RH) increases from 30 % to 80 %, Rct decreases by 26.5 % at a current density of 100 mA·cm⁻². The change in the structure of the catalyst layer induced by water content is the primary reason for the observed reduction in Rct. As the pores in the catalyst layer become increasingly filled with water, more sulfonic acid groups (SO3⁻) are hydrated, forming a network that facilitates H⁺ conduction. This enhances the accessibility of H⁺ ions within the catalyst layer, thereby decreasing Rct. However, excessive water content can lead to water flooding of the catalyst, which reduces the coverage of the ionomer on the platinum (Pt) surface. When H⁺ ions cannot reach the areas of the catalyst that are not covered by the ionomer, those regions of Pt cannot form effective active sites, ultimately reducing the catalyst’s utilization rate. This study provides a new perspective on the impact of water content on PEMFC performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin hydrotreatment to aromatics products on metallic phosphides carbon-based catalysts produced from lignin","authors":"M. García-Rollán ,&nbsp;S. Bertran-Llorens ,&nbsp;M.A. Palazzolo ,&nbsp;P.J. Deuss ,&nbsp;H.J. Heeres ,&nbsp;R. Ruiz-Rosas ,&nbsp;J.M. Rosas ,&nbsp;J. Rodriguez-Mirasol ,&nbsp;T. Cordero","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of active hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalytic systems for reductive fractionation of lignin implies the use of complex, expensive and non-renewable materials and methods. In this work, we propose the dual valorization of lignin by the preparation of carbon-based catalysts for the catalytic solvent-free hydrogenolysis of lignin to obtain compounds with high added-value. Highly mesoporous (V_mes &gt; 1.00 cm³/g) and phosphorus-rich activated carbons were prepared by chemical activation of lignin with H₃PO₄. This simple process allowed the synthesis of carbon supports for the preparation of Ni, NiMo and CoMo catalysts, containing very active metal phosphides (Ni₁₂P₅ and MoNiP). These catalysts have presented high activity at 350 °C and 100 bar H₂ in the reductive fractionation of Organosolv lignin, achieving yields to lignin-derived monomers higher than 12.50 wt%, using the NiMo catalyst, similar to the ones obtained by a commercial Ru/C catalyst. Within these monomers, the main group was the alkylphenols, presenting a selectivity close to 50 wt%, using the Ni catalyst. The reusability of NiMo catalyst revealed a partial loss of activity due to the formation of pyrolytic carbon on the Ni active sites. Thermogravimetric analyses confirmed that pyrolytic carbon could be partially removed by air treatment at 300 °C. In addition, the NiMo catalyst showed high activity in the hydrogenolysis process of a technical lignin with higher sulfur content, obtaining also high activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134622"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study on the reaction mechanism and toxicity evaluation of co-pyrolysis process of hydrogen halide and polyethylene terephthalate","authors":"Xiaosong Luo,&nbsp;Qibin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient recycling and disposal of waste plastics is key to protecting the environment. Meanwhile, controlling the emission of hydrogen halide is also a great challenge for the problem of environmental pollution. In this study, the effect of hydrogen halide on the depolymerization mechanism of waste plastics was studied theoretically and experimental (Py-GCMS) using “Treating the wastes with wastes”. The research results show that the presence of hydrogen halide (HF, HCl, and HBr) can promote the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastics, which makes the reaction easier, and the promoting intensity is HF (about 153.0 kJ/mol) &lt; HCl (about 138.0 kJ/mol) &lt; HBr (about 85.0 kJ/mol). Additionally, through the evaluation of the environmental impact of co-pyrolysis products, it was found that the co-pyrolysis of waste plastics and hydrogen halide reduced the toxicity of the products. These findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of waste conversion mechanisms and risk evaluation in aquatic settings, while also providing theoretical perspectives on reducing pollutant emissions during thermal treatment and sustainable conversion of PET-containing waste alongside hydrogen halide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct numerical simulation studies of spray jet flames in hot vitiated crossflow","authors":"Qian Meng,&nbsp;Haiou Wang,&nbsp;Zhuchuan Chang,&nbsp;Mengzhen Cheng,&nbsp;Ziwei Huang,&nbsp;Kun Luo,&nbsp;Jianren Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, spray jet flames in hot vitiated crossflow were investigated using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS). The dispersed droplets were tracked based on the Lagrangian framework, while the continuous gas phase was solved in an Eulerian way. The spray jets were injected perpendicularly into vitiated crossflow. A reduced two-step kerosene/air reaction mechanism was used as the chemistry model. Three cases were simulated with different droplet sizes and velocities, while the global equivalence ratio was fixed at unity. In the cases with large droplets, two flame branches on the windward side were identified, including the inner windward flame, which is close to the center jet, and the outer windward flame, which is near the crossflow. The heat release rate for the leeward branch of the flame is relatively low compared to that for the windward branch in all cases. Pocket-like leeward reaction zones were observed in the cases with large droplets. The species budget analysis was employed to characterize the flame stabilization mechanism. Auto-ignition plays a key role in the stabilization of the windward flame for the case with small droplets. In contrast, for the cases with large droplets, the inner windward flame is stabilized mainly by flame propagation, and in the outer windward flame, auto-ignition is prevailing. The combustion modes were examined. It was shown that the contribution of premixed combustion decreases with increasing droplet size and velocity, and non-premixed combustion prevails in the cases with large droplets. Strong droplet/flame interactions were observed in the DNS. It was shown that for the cases with large droplets, the complex motion and evaporation behaviors of droplets injected from different locations lead to the formation of the two flame branches on the windward side. Particularly, droplets injected near the hot vitiated crossflow evaporate quickly and tend to follow the jet, resulting in the formation of the inner windward flame branch. In contrast, droplets injected close to the jet center evaporate slowly and are able to penetrate into crossflow, feeding the outer windward flame. Large droplets, particularly those with a high velocity, can survive after leaving the outer windward flame branch, which promote the wrinkling of the flame.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 134543"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of SO2 and NO in flue gas using a vacuum ultraviolet light/Oxone/H2O2 oxidation system","authors":"Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Dexin Kong ,&nbsp;Xinyu Gao ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Pan ,&nbsp;Yangxian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, a vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV)/Oxone/H₂O₂ oxidation system was developed to realize the oxidation removal of NO and SO₂ in simulated flue gas stream. Results show that the developed VUV/Oxone/H₂O₂ oxidation system shows much stronger NO removal ability than VUV/Oxone oxidation system. The synergistic effect between dual oxidants leads to a significant rise in the yield of free radicals, thus strengthening the removal of NO. The VUV/Oxone/H₂O₂ oxidation system realizes a high denitration and desulfurization efficiency (95.5 % for NO and 100 % for SO₂). 185 nm wavelength realizes the best NO removal effect in this system. The increase of light intensity, H₂O₂ concentration and Oxone concentration can significantly promote NO removal. Increasing temperature leads to an initial increase and then a decrease in NO removal efficiency. Higher Oxone/H₂O₂ solution pH value has an adverse impact on NO removal. Five removal pathways, such as oxidation by hydroxyl radical, oxidation by sulfate radical, oxidation by oxygen atom/ozone, direct photolysis by VUV, and oxidation by peroxides, are responsible for NO removal. Among them, oxidation by hydroxyl radical plays a critical role, and oxidation by sulfate radical/oxygen atom/ozone plays a second critical role in NO removal. Absorption kinetics study shows that the oxidation removal process of NO in the VUV/Oxone/H₂O₂ oxidation system is within a fast kinetic region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134537"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the efficient recovery of valuable metals from tin alloy slag through roasting and carbothermic reduction","authors":"Changhao Zuo ,&nbsp;Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Zhangbiao Xu ,&nbsp;Junyu Lu ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Han ,&nbsp;Jianxun Wu ,&nbsp;Guo Zheng ,&nbsp;Huanpei Xia ,&nbsp;Bin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of tin alloy solder is steadily increasing alongside the rapid growth of electronic products. During the production of solder, a significant amount of oxidized tin alloy slag is generated. It is of great importance to treat the alloy slag to recover valuable metals. This paper introduces a two-step roasting-reduction process, utilizing alkaline-leached waste cathode carbon as a reducing agent to recover valuable metals from oxidized slag. The effects of changes in chemical composition, particle size, and surface morphology of the oxidation slag before and after roasting on the reduction process was analyzed in detail. Further, the reduction process was analyzed through thermodynamic and kinetic evaluations, indicated that both solid–solid and gas–solid reduction reactions occurred. The oxidizing roasting homogenizes the oxidized slag and leads it into small particles. This enhances the gas–solid contact efficiency during the reduction process and allows the slag to be reduced to an alloy. As a result, under a reduction temperature of 1147 ℃ for 117 min, the metal recovery rate achieved 97.73 % with two-step roasting-reduction process. This research presents an innovative process route for the resource recovery and utilization of aluminum electrolytic waste carbon and tin alloy slag, which is of considerable importance for advancing resource recycling efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 134671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}