Fuel最新文献

{"title":"Effect of the combined hydrogen- and urea-selective catalytic reduction configuration on the deNOx temperature window for a hydrogen-internal combustion engine","authors":"Kyungseok Lee,&nbsp;Cheolho Kim,&nbsp;Kwangchul Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to effectively reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) is crucial for mitigating emissions from hydrogen internal combustion engines (H₂-ICEs). Herein, we investigated the potential of a combined selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system that uses hydrogen (H₂-SCR) and urea (urea-SCR) for widening the deNOx temperature window across a broad temperature range. The standalone urea-SCR catalyst exhibited limited performance at low exhaust temperatures (&lt;200 °C), where urea injection was ineffective. A combined system in which H₂-SCR is integrated as an upstream catalyst addresses this limitation by utilizing an exothermic H₂ oxidation reaction that facilitates urea decomposition and subsequent NOx reduction at the downstream catalyst. The combined system delivered a NOx conversion that exceeded 85% within the 150–300 °C temperature range with notably enhanced reaction quality. Among the configurations tested, the combination of 0.5Pt/ZSM-5 as the upstream H₂-SCR catalyst and urea-SCR as the downstream catalyst exhibited optimal performance, with NOx conversions of 69% and 85% recorded at 75 °C and higher temperatures (150–300 °C), respectively. Additionally, the low 0.5Pt/ZSM-5 vol led to minimal N₂O formation while maintaining high catalytic selectivity for N₂. These findings highlight the synergistic benefits of the H₂-SCR/urea-SCR catalyst combination, particularly for extending the operating temperature windows of deNOx systems for H₂-ICE applications. This novel approach not only enhances NOx conversion, but also addresses the challenges associated with mitigating N₂O, thereby offering a promising solution for low-emission transportation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135713"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ru8@NU-1000 as difunctional photocatalysts for visible-light-driven efficient CO2 reduction integrated with furfurylamine oxidation","authors":"Jiayi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanan Qu ,&nbsp;Kang Bu ,&nbsp;Jingting Lu ,&nbsp;Da Chen ,&nbsp;Huafeng Li ,&nbsp;Liqun Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CO₂ reduction coupled with organic oxidation driven by solar energy to valuable chemical fuels is considered a potent approach for tackling contemporary energy and environmental issues. However, it is difficult to design both a dual functional photocatalyst and constructed overall reaction systems simultaneously. In this work, NU-1000′s micropores (12 Å) and mesopores (34 Å) can effectively accommodate Ru₈ guest molecules (1 nm), so we employ a mature impregnation method by incorporating Ru₈ into the pores of NU-1000 constructed a difunctional Ru₈@NU-1000 photocatalyst and improve the efficiency of CO₂ reduction and furfurylamine oxidation with high selectivity. The yields of CO and N-Furfurylidenefurfurylamine (NF) are 2596 and 11408 μmol g^-1h⁻¹ respectively, showing a significantly greater amount of production than known similar studies. This catalytic system demonstrates long-term recyclability and stability by consecutive cycles experiment combine with characterization methods. A range of photochemical and spectroscopic studies verified the proposed photocatalytic mechanism. The utilization of Ru₈@NU-1000 in CO₂-furfurylamine photoredox reaction provides an overall reaction strategy to obtain two meaningful products at the same time, and also improves energy conversion efficiency and solar energy utilization, thereby promoting the development of green energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135735"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating flue gas into membrane-based oxygen-enriched gasification of municipal solid wastes for enhancing waste-to-energy conversion","authors":"Chong Yang Chuah ,&nbsp;Siti Nurhawa Binte Muhammad Anwar ,&nbsp;Piyarat Weerachanchai ,&nbsp;Tae-Hyun Bae ,&nbsp;Kunli Goh ,&nbsp;Rong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The waste-to-energy (WTE) gasification process converts municipal solid wastes (MSWs) into electrical energy, offering a sustainable solution for solid waste management. Oxygen-enriched gas (OEG) has demonstrated potential to enhance WTE conversion. However, the elevated oxygen content can result in localized overheating, posing damage to the gasifier. The integration of CO₂-containing gases, such as through flue gas recirculation (FGR), regulates gasification temperatures and improves operational stability. Despite that, flue gas contains nitrogen, and its impact on OEG gasification efficiency—especially the lower heating value (LHV) of syngas and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE)—remains elusive to date. Hence, this study aims to examine the effects of nitrogen in flue gas and FGR rate on syngas quality and carbon conversion. OEG gasification experiments were conducted using refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as MSW feedstock. As a baseline, membrane-based OEG with 45 % oxygen purity for gasification was employed, owing to the energy- and cost-efficiency of membrane air separation. Flue gas of two different concentrations was then introduced at varying recirculation rates to evaluate its impact on the OEG gasification process. Albeit a dilution effect caused by the non-combustible nitrogen gas, our findings suggest that flue gas with a 35 % CO₂ concentration and 10 % recirculation rate is technically viable. Under these conditions, syngas LHV reached 7.74 MJ/m³, while CCE improved by 6 %, as compared to OEG gasification without FGR. These results provide critical insights into the role of flue gas in optimizing OEG gasification for enhanced WTE conversion of MSWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135739"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and utilization of waste tires pyrolysis carbon: A critical review","authors":"Shihao Guo ,&nbsp;Mengyao Gu ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Juan Chen ,&nbsp;Hong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The volume of waste tires (WT) is increasing annually and reasonable disposal is important to reduce environmental pollution and save resources. Pyrolysis is one of the most widely adopted disposal methods, which can decompose WT into three products: pyrolysis carbon (WTPC), pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil. Through the rational use of pyrolysis products, resource recycling can be achieved and the use of fossil fuels can be reduced. Extensive research has been conducted on WT pyrolysis, ranging from experimental investigations to the downstream applications of its byproducts, and numerous reviews have summarized these findings. However, dedicated reviews focusing specifically on WTPC remain scarce. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on WTPC, beginning with an overview of its generation mechanisms. The discussion then extends to WTPC purification, thermal disposal methods such as gasification and combustion, and its application in the synthesis of novel materials, including activated carbon and catalysts. Recent advancements in this field are systematically summarized, with a comparative evaluation of various disposal approaches, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Furthermore, potential future research directions are proposed to address existing challenges. This study aims to serve as a theoretical reference for optimizing the production and utilization of WTPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135740"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A safe and high-precision detection method for hydrogen leakage analysis of underground gas storage based on stimulated Raman spectroscopy of micro-nanofiber","authors":"Xianjian Zou ,&nbsp;Shoulin Jiang ,&nbsp;Zixue Luo ,&nbsp;Tongtao Wang ,&nbsp;Feifan Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Ju ,&nbsp;Shaoqun Lin ,&nbsp;Wei Jin ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yin ,&nbsp;Chunhe Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time monitoring technology for hydrogen leakage and diffusion is crucial for ensuring safety in large-scale geological hydrogen storage. Addressing challenges such as the easy diffusion and penetration of small molecular gases like hydrogen and the complexities of high-precision detection, a hydrogen leakage detection method is selected based on the stimulated Raman spectroscopy of micro-nanofibers for use in underground salt cavern hydrogen storage. A multi-point laser hydrogen sensing system was developed capable of high-precision real-time monitoring and analysis of minute hydrogen leaks. The system’s hydrogen noise equivalent detection limit stands at approximately 122 ppm, with sensor sensitivity surpassing 200 ppm, enabling detection even at hydrogen concentrations as low as 0.1 %. The probe exhibits robust vibration resistance. Through both indoor and outdoor engineering application simulation tests, hydrogen leakage monitoring simulation for underground hydrogen storage was completed. These tests confirmed the feasibility and reliability of the system and validated an intrinsically safe hydrogen measurement scheme using optical fiber sensing integration. Furthermore, the system can measure hydrogen across its full concentration range with outstanding recovery and rapid second responses speed. It exhibits no zero drift and is selective, responding solely to hydrogen and not to other common interfering gases such as carbon monoxide. This selectivity helps reduce false alarms. With an expected service life exceeding 30 years for the photoelectric host, the system ensures the long-term safety and efficiency of underground hydrogen storage operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135743"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomechanical integrity and geochemical reactions of shale caprocks for hydrogen storage: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ahmed Fatah ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Yaseri","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is a viable solution for growing energy demands while advancing the transition to net-zero carbon emissions. The success of UHS relies heavily on maintaining the geomechanical integrity of caprocks, which act as natural seals to prevent hydrogen migration and ensure long-term storage efficiency. Despite their favorable properties, such as low permeability and high capillary pressure, shale caprocks face significant challenges under UHS conditions, including stress variations, cyclic loading, and potential fault reactivation. This review synthesizes the latest advancements in understanding the geomechanical behavior of shale caprocks, highlighting experimental studies and numerical modeling approaches. It examines the key factors influencing caprock stability, including hydrogen diffusion, adsorption behavior, buoyant transport, and the effects of cyclic loading on mechanical fatigue. Mitigation strategies such as adaptive management, real-time monitoring, and reinforcement techniques, including grouting and synthetic barriers, are also discussed. Although current research suggests that shale caprocks maintain strong integrity under typical hydrogen storage conditions, knowledge gaps remain regarding their long-term performance, particularly under repeated stress cycles and varying operational conditions. Addressing these gaps is critical for ensuring safe and efficient UHS operations. This review offers a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, practical strategies, and future research directions required to enhance the reliability of UHS systems, thereby supporting their pivotal role in sustainable energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135728"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing VOCs (o-xylene) oxidation with water resistance through plasma catalysis on Pt-CuO/Co3O4: Exploring the role of oxygen species","authors":"Pingting Gao ,&nbsp;Shucheng Di ,&nbsp;Erhao Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Jiali Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuiliang Yao ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Zuliang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma catalysis is a powerful method for managing low-concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. We identified the optimal Cu/Co molar ratio (0.4) in CuO/Co₃O₄ catalysts via co-precipitation and added 0.1 wt% Pt to create the Pt-0.4CuO/Co₃O₄ catalyst for plasma catalytic oxidation of o-xylene. This catalyst nearly completely oxidized o-xylene at 1300 mg/m³ in a room-temperature dielectric barrier discharge reactor, achieving a COx selectivity of 99.35 % and an energy efficiency of 29.3 g/kWh under 160 J/L discharge conditions. Energy efficiency analysis showed that plasma triggered o-xylene dehydrogenation via active species (such as O and O₃), which is followed by deep oxidation driven by surface oxygen species (Co=O and Co-O-Co), O₂, and O₃. On the Pt-0.4CuO/Co₃O₄ catalyst, O₃ (and O) and O₂ contributed 54.3 % and 45.7 % to o-xylene oxidation, respectively. Pt incorporation to 0.4CuO/Co₃O₄ enhanced o-xylene conversion, COx selectivity, and the catalyst’s H₂O resistance and stability. Characterizations revealed that the Pt-0.4CuO/Co₃O₄ catalyst had the highest specific surface area and pore volume. CuO introduction induced more oxygen vacancies and O_ads, vital for performance. <em>Operando</em> plasma DRIFTS showed that the O atoms in Co=O and Co-O-Co on Co₃O₄ were reduced, which CuO and Pt incorporation could overcome this reduction due to their strong O₃ decomposition ability. CuO and Pt also served as an O-atom source for o-xylene oxidation·H₂O suppressed o-xylene and oxygen adsorption on Co₃O₄, lowering o-xylene conversion and COx selectivity. CuO and Pt incorporation mitigated this, enhancing oxygen adsorption and boosting o-xylene conversion and COx selectivity, thus improving the catalyst’s H₂O resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135746"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular molybdenum catalyst covalently anchored onto a polystyrene resin for the alkylation of alcohols with ketones","authors":"Tao Wang,&nbsp;Di Wu,&nbsp;Fei Chen,&nbsp;Zhi-Hong Du,&nbsp;Chun-Bo Bo,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Ning Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we report a molybdenum catalyst covalently anchored onto a chloromethylated polystyrene resin and its use in the alkylation of ketones and alcohols. In this reaction, the substrate is widely versatile and the catalyst can be reused. The proposed methodology applies to not only methyl ketones but also cyclic ketones and can be used to synthesize the drug donepezil. The molecular molybdenum catalyst covalently anchored onto the polystyrene resin was fully characterized and analyzed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the reaction mechanism of the alkylation of alcohols and ketones was investigated by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135679"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical evaluation of MnSiO3/MnO composite derived from manganese ore waste for supercapacitor applications","authors":"Mohamed Apsar Jabarullakhan,&nbsp;Ramachandran Kandasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical performance of MnSiO₃/MnO composite obtained as a byproduct of the plasma-assisted aluminothermic processing of Mn ore was investigated. The structural, morphological, elemental, and optical properties of the composite were analyzed. Cyclic<!--> <!-->voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance tests were performed in a three-electrode configuration in two different electrolytes. The MnSiO₃/MnO electrode yielded high specific capacitance, decent cyclic stability, and good<!--> <!-->reversibility. A symmetric cell made with MnSiO₃/MnO// MnSiO₃/MnO delivered high energy and power densities in<!--> <!-->KOH electrolyte. In this study, an unused byproduct of the<!--> <!-->plasma-assisted aluminothermic processing of manganese ore was potentially<!--> <!-->repurposed in energy storage application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135759"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel liquid-phase plasma discharge process for single-step emulsification and continuous biodiesel production","authors":"Maíra O. Palm ,&nbsp;Lucas Y. Pavani ,&nbsp;Luciano Senff ,&nbsp;Diego A. Duarte ,&nbsp;Rafael C. Catapan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma-assisted transesterification has emerged as a promising advanced method for biodiesel production, offering reduced reaction times and enhanced ester yields. Unlike conventional thermal processes, plasma technology operates at room temperature, supplying required energy through electrical discharge. However, in the absence of thermal energy, mass transfer limitations often necessitate a preliminary mixing step. This study introduces a novel liquid-phase plasma discharge process that simultaneously emulsifies reactants and enables continuous biodiesel production in a single step, eliminating the need for prior mixing. Optical microscopy and spectrophotometry techniques confirmed the formation of a stable, monodisperse emulsion of oil and methanol. Key factors influencing biodiesel synthesis included catalyst concentration, discharge voltage, and their interactions with reaction time. The optimized conditions of 15 min of reaction, 7.8 kV discharge voltage, and 1 % sodium methoxide resulted in a biodiesel with 97.9 % methyl ester content. This approach demonstrates the potential of plasma technology for efficient and sustainable biodiesel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 135686"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}