Fuel最新文献

{"title":"The impact of exhaust gas recirculation calibration on emissions and efficiency with GTL and GTLB30 fuels on a heavy-duty diesel engine","authors":"Zhongcheng Sun ,&nbsp;Benjamin Haefele ,&nbsp;Michel Cuijpers ,&nbsp;Noud Maes ,&nbsp;Bart Somers","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel and its blend with 30% fatty acid methyl esters (GTLB30), as well as reference diesel have been investigated on a modified single-cylinder heavy-duty compression-ignition engine over a large part of the engine operation map. The experimental results indicate that GTL and GTLB30 demonstrate comparable in-cylinder pressure and rates of heat release (ROHR) trends to diesel throughout the operating map. In general, the ROHR of GTL is close to diesel, albeit with a heightened sensitivity to exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) variations. In this work, these variations were 15% above and below baseline values. Meanwhile, the ROHR of GTLB30 is less sensitive to EGR variations because of its inherent higher oxygen content, but this comes at a small penalty in fuel injection duration due to its reduced LHV. Generally, Both GTL and GTLB30 exhibit shorter ignition delay and burn duration compared to diesel. Additionally, GTL achieves higher gross indicated efficiency (GIE) with a weighted average increase of 2.04% over diesel across all baseline engine operation map, while GTLB30 has slightly lower GIE than diesel in most cases, with a weighted average decrease of 0.99%. In terms of emissions, GTL and GTLB30 follow a similar trend with remarkable low particulate matter (PM) emissions, especially at higher EGR ratios (above 35%). Using baseline EGR rates, both GTL and GTLB30 demonstrate significant reductions in engine-out PM emissions, with a weighted average reduction of 34.5% for GTL and 71.5% for GTLB30 compared to diesel across the entire engine operation map. Moreover, GTL illustrates significant potential in breaking the PM-NO_x trade-off relationship, with a 16.1% weighted average reduction in NO_x emissions compared to diesel at the baseline EGR calibration. Conversely, the NO_x emissions of GTLB30 show a weighted average increase of 8.3% (again at the baseline EGR calibration), which can be reduced with increasing EGR. Furthermore, GTLB30 exhibits minimal CO emissions, without any sensitivity to changes in EGR, while both GTL and GTLB30 benefit from a THC emission reduction. Notably, the CO and THC emissions of GTL and GTLB30 show possible compliance in most operating points with Euro V regulation without after-treatment. Finally, NO_x reduction across all operating points is possible while respecting Euro VI PM limits for both GTL and GTLB30 by utilizing higher EGR levels at A30, A50, B50, and B70 versus lower EGR values for B30 and C30. The exact magnitude of these EGR levels per operating point are given in a bar-chart based on a non-linear curve fitting procedure, resulting in a weighted average NO_x reduction of 38.3% and 68.7% across the tested speed-load range for GTL and GTLB30, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-gasification of glycerol and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) for syngas production: A thermodynamic targeting approach","authors":"Bahizire Martin Mukeru,&nbsp;Bilal Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The co-gasification of different wastes for syngas production is a promising technology as it reduces pressure on waste management and promotes waste valorization. This paper considered the steam co-gasification of glycerol and linear low density polyethylene plastic (LLDPE) waste to produce syngas. To achieve this, a graphical targeting approach based on carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO) ternary diagrams was used to determine the impact of different operating parameters (pressure, temperature and LLDPE content) on syngas composition. It was determined that an increase in pressure decreased H₂ and CO content but increased the content of CH₄, CO₂ and H₂O. It was also determined that increasing the LLDPE content increased H₂ and CH₄ concentration, but decreased CO, CO₂ and H₂O concentration. The synergistic interaction of the feedstocks on the syngas ratio and lower heating value (LHV) was also determined. Results revealed that increasing the pressure decreased the synergistic effect. Furthermore, an Aspen Plus simulation was performed at different steam to feedstock ratios (SFR) and at 1000 K and 1 bar. The highest positive extent of synergy in terms of LHV, syngas yield (SY), carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of 8.29 %, 21.51 %, 23.38 % and 23.81 % was achieved at LLDPE content of 50 % and SFR of 0.8, 1, 0.8 and 0.8 respectively. At these operating conditions the value of LHV, SY, CCE and CGE was found to 11.63 MJ/Nm³, 3.22 Nm³/kg, 95 % and 64 % respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133648"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling smothering extinction of buoyancy-driven smoldering combustion: Determination criteria and kinetic controlling mechanism","authors":"Renkun Dai,&nbsp;Zeyang Song,&nbsp;Boyuan Dang,&nbsp;Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modelling extinction of combustion is vital for understanding the extinction criteria and governing mechanism. However, it remains a challenging task for buoyancy-driven smoldering combustion because of dynamic transitions between <em>kinetic</em> and <em>oxygen-transport limiting</em> regimes and intricate couplings of buoyancy-driven air flow and smoldering combustion. In the present study, the <em>kinetic</em>/<em>oxygen-transport limiting</em> regime transitions are resolved with a minimum function between the Arrhenius kinetics and oxygen supply rate in oxidative source/sink terms. Besides, the global energy balance is improved for buoyancy-driven smoldering system to elucidate the interactions between buoyancy-driven air flow and smoldering combustion. The present model is validated by a variety of experiments on smoldering propagation until extinction of buoyancy-driven underground coal smoldering fires. Results show that the extinction of buoyancy-driven underground coal smoldering fires can be determined by two criteria: (1) the net energy rate &lt; 0 with the global energy balance concept, and (2) the minimum oxygen supply rate &lt; 0.48 g m² s⁻¹, which is about six times larger than that for peat smoldering with forced air flow. Under harsh conditions with limited oxygen supply, the coexistence of the local <em>oxygen-transport limiting</em> regime and the local <em>kinetic</em> regime is observed. If the extinction criteria are satisfied, this coexistence shifts to the local <em>kinetic</em> regime and leads to extinction, otherwise it shifts to the local <em>oxygen-transport limiting</em> regime and results in self-sustained smoldering propagation. It reveals the evolution of governing mechanism in smoldering combustion near extinction and provides solid evidence confirming the hypothesis that kinetic mechanism dominates the extinction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cool flame of methylcyclohexene isomers in a JSR: Formation of aromatic and polyunsaturated hydrocarbons","authors":"Zahraa Dbouk ,&nbsp;Roland Benoit ,&nbsp;Bakr Hoblos ,&nbsp;Nesrine Belhadj ,&nbsp;Philippe Dagaut","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three isomers of methycyclohexene were oxidized in a jet-stirred reactor at 10 bar, in fuel-lean conditions (equivalence ratio of 0.5), from 500 to 1150 K. Samples of the reacting mixtures (fuel-oxygen–nitrogen) taken using a sonic fused-silica probe were collected and (i) analyzed by gas chromatography and (ii) for the conditions 620 and 680 K, dissolved in acetonitrile and analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap mass spectrometry after direct flow injection or liquid chromatography separation. OH/OD exchange was used by adding D₂O to samples to assess the presence of OH or OOH in products. The reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine allowed the characterizing carbonyl functional groups in the products. A large dataset of oxidation products was observed. Besides highly oxygenated compounds, we observed the production of polyunsaturated and aromatic products in the cool flame oxidation regime. To rationalize the present results, we used chemometric tools, i.e., Van Krevelen plots, calculated oxidation state of carbon, aromaticity index, and aromaticity equivalent index for oxidation products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133644"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple representative interactive linear eddy model: Investigation of turbulence chemistry interaction and evaluation of progress variable definition and PDFs","authors":"Nidal Doubiani ,&nbsp;Michael Oevermann","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the predictions of unsteady effects in combustion processes requires novel combustion models that include turbulence chemistry interaction effects. The Multiple Representative Interactive Linear Eddy Model (MRILEM) is an improved version of the previous RILEM variant. MRILEM utilizes a pressure coupling instead of a volume constraint to intrinsically include heat effects into the LEM line with no supplementary modeling. In addition, it advances multiple LEM lines in parallel to improve statistical fidelity. The pressure coupling of MRILEM generates a coupling effect between the LEM lines that assists in communicating the combustion process between the lines. The ”Spray-B” engine of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) was simulated using MRILEM. While the original RILEM variation employs a straightforward Dirac <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>-peak for the progress variable, a realistic PDF requires this function to extend over the entire space. The introduced MRILEM compares the utilization of two progress variable PDFs, namely a step function defined based on the mean and a <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>-PDF generated from the progress variable mean and variance. The progress variable variance was calculated based on the Pierce and Moin formulation with a RANS adaptation based on the integral length scale. In addition, two definitions of the progress variable are investigated, namely <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>298</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. A tabulation method is introduced for RILEM to reduce the computational time by advancing pre-generated LEM solution matrices constructed in mixture fraction <span><math><mi>Z</mi></math></span> and progress variable <span><math><mi>c</mi></math></span> spaces. The different variants of the model, i.e., MRILEM-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-Step<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, MRILEM-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, TRILEM-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>Step</mtext></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, and TRILEM-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> were compared against experiments based on heat release rate, ignition delay, flame lift-off, and computational time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133445"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin-derived 4-methylanisole hydrodeoxygenation under mild conditions over ruthenium phosphide carbon nanosphere catalyst","authors":"Sudhakar Pichaikaran,&nbsp;Zhongzheng Gao,&nbsp;Kai Li,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>(1:1), (1:3), and (1:5) RuP@C-N carbon nanosphere catalysts were synthesized by in situ method using a hydrothermal, carbonization, and reduction strategy with tannic acid as the biomass carbon source. The synthesized materials were well described using several instrumental methods, including XRD, which revealed ruthenium phosphide phase formation as well as graphitic carbon. BET surface area and BJH pore size distribution revealed that the materials had multiple meso and micropores. XPS measurements assess the oxidation states and bonding interaction between the carbon nanosphere and RuP in the catalyst. FE-SEM validates the material’s spherical morphology, whereas EDS mapping reveals the presence of Ru, P, C, O, and N. HR-TEM images reveal the high distribution of RuP particles on the carbon network. The induction of C and N in the catalyst impacted electron transport between ruthenium and phosphorus as evidenced by XPS analysis, leading to Ru^δ+/P^δ- active sites responsible for C-O bond breakage. Additionally, the high dispersion and small particle size of ruthenium phosphide in the carbon spheres, as well as its acidity, had a significant impact on its high activity. The study investigated the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 4-methylanisole under mild reaction conditions, with isopropanol as a hydrogen donor. The optimal conditions were 180 °C and 4 h, and for the (1:3) RuP@C-N catalyst, a maximum of 4-methylanisole conversion was 42.5 %, and a toluene selectivity of 21.5 % was reached at TOF 45.35 h⁻¹. The (1:3) RuP@C-N catalyst was the most active, while the (1:5) RuP@C-N catalyst with a high P concentration had no added effect on activity. Demethylation/hydrogenolysis was the most selective reaction pathway for 4-methylanisole conversion. Furthermore, the catalyst was regenerated and reused for five consecutive runs, and maintained its activity without considerable loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FINEX PCI fuel diversification for techno-economical operations: Impact of high-volatile coal agglomeration on combustion","authors":"Dae-Gyun Lee ,&nbsp;Min-Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Yoon-Ho Bae ,&nbsp;Kang-Min Kim ,&nbsp;Gyeong-Min Kim ,&nbsp;Chung-Hwan Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale (volume &gt; 2000 m³) blast furnaces (BFs) requiring expensive, high-grade coal are currently used in the iron and steel industry. High-volatile coal (HVC) must provide a substitute for high-grade coal to facilitate economical operations. This study determines the applicability of HVC and thermal coal within the fine particle extraction (FINEX) and conventional BF steelmaking processes using a drop-tube furnace. Furthermore, the characteristics of single- and blending-coal-carbon conversions are analyzed using unburned carbon (UBC). In the BF, an increase in agglomeration leads to an increase in UBC, where approximately 20 % agglomeration can be achieved. However, under FINEX conditions, due to the high oxygen concentration approximately 50 % agglomeration can be achieved. To determine the principle of the agglomeration phenomenon, a chemical-percolation-devolatilization model is used to analyze the amount of tar, light gas, and char generated during the devolatilization process. Using HVC achieves 89.7 % agglomeration which generates a 30 % tar volume during devolatilization. Tar has a significant effect on agglomeration and facilitates bridging, causing agglomeration into a large particle as identified from the structural agglomeration of a scanning electron microscopy image. This phenomenon affects raceway formation and the combustion stability of pulverized coal injections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mimicking characteristics of cast iron for enhanced electrocatalytic dehydrogenation of methane","authors":"Tushar Singh Verma ,&nbsp;R. Nandini Devi ,&nbsp;Sailaja Krishnamurty","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the efficiency of methane dehydrogenation through chemical modification<!--> <!-->of electrocatalytic iron<!--> <!-->surfaces with impurities that resemble cast iron properties is demonstrated computationally using<!--> <!-->Density Functional Theory methodologies. Investigating methane dehydrogenation on thermally stable Fe surfaces with discrete planes and anchoring impurities such as Al, C, and Si minimized reduction barriers. Electrochemical treatment of methane on these robust surfaces yields clean hydrogen and carbon-based compounds, such as carbon nanomaterials and carbon black. As for the most efficient active sites for enhanced methane dehydrogenation, the active plane 100 with 5.5 % C impurities and 0.51 eV reduction barrier is determined to be the most dependable, followed by the active plane 110 with 5.5 % Si impurities and the lower 0.98 eV reduction barrier. Utilizing CI-NEB (Nudged Elastic Band), the dissociation barrier investigation established the electrolytic catalysts’ performance. This work paves the way for experimentalists and demonstrates the economic viability of Fe-based catalysts for the Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Methane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133674"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling crude oil viscosity and rheological Properties: An experimental comparison of Nano silica and Nano Molybdenum disulfide in Bazargan Oilfield","authors":"Salem J. Alhamd ,&nbsp;Farhan Lafta Rashid ,&nbsp;Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ,&nbsp;Abass K. Aldami","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study intends to experimentally investigate the impact of incorporating silica nanoparticles and Nano Molybdenum disulfide on the viscosity property and crude oil rheological properties of Bazargan crude oil (Iraq) at different nanoparticles concentrations and crude oil temperatures. The results indicate a notable reduction of crude oil viscosity as a result to adding the nanoparticles, increasing the nanoparticles concentration, and increasing the operating temperature. Statistically, the viscosity has been reduced from 57.15 cP at 25 °C to <span><math><mrow><mn>31.27</mn></mrow></math></span> cP at 55 °C after adding 0.3 wt% of silica nanoparticles compared to a reduction of viscosity from 57.15 cP at 25 °C to 31.37 cP after the inclusion of 0.3 wt% of Nano Molybdenum disulfide at 55 °C. To quantify the estimation of viscosity reduction after the addition of nanoparticles, the degree of viscosity reduction (DVR%) is established. Specifically, the addition of silica nanoparticles assures the maximum DVR% of 31.58 %. using 0.3 wt% at 25 °C compared to the maximum DVR% of 29.27 % after the addition of 0.3 wt% of Nano Molybdenum disulfide.</div><div>A critical analysis of the crude oil rheological properties indicates that the crude oil can exhibit a Bingham fluid behavior. In this regard, the addition of nanoparticles at variable concentrations resulted in a decrease in yield stress, plastic viscosity, and effective viscosity. This proposes that the crude oil is transitioning towards Newtonian behavior, as demonstrated by the lessening yield stress and its gradual approach to zero after the combination of nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133698"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid hexyl esters: Influence of the reaction parameters on the synthesis and diesel-biodiesel-1-hexanol blend composition on the application properties","authors":"Mia Gotovuša ,&nbsp;Matija Krvavica ,&nbsp;Andrea Knežević ,&nbsp;Lucija Konjević ,&nbsp;Jelena Parlov Vuković ,&nbsp;Fabio Faraguna","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The matter of this study is the influence of reaction parameters – temperature (40–80 °C), time (2–60 min), molar ratio of 1-hexanol to waste cooking oil (5:1–12:1), and mass fraction of KOH catalyst (1–3 wt%) – on the synthesis, i.e. reaction conversion, of fatty acid hexyl esters (FAHE). Afterward, larger amounts of biodiesel were synthesized, purified, and blended with 1-hexanol and non-additized mineral diesel, to assess blends’ application properties, as possible transportation fuels used in diesel engines. An increase in biodiesel’s volume fraction up to 20 vol% in blends led to an increase in their densities, viscosities, as well as surface tension values. On the contrary, adding 1-hexanol up to 15 vol% resulted in a decrease in these values. Low-temperature properties of diesel–biodiesel blends, e.g. pour point and cloud point and heat of combustion were the same or very close to those of mineral diesel, whereas FAHE significantly improved lubricating properties of diesel. Altogether, application property values of the prepared blends fell within the corresponding guidelines set by the standard EN 590.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"381 ","pages":"Article 133637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}